Content
Feeding pears in the spring on time and with appropriate fertilizers is the main task of the gardener. Flowering, the formation of ovaries and their subsequent development depend on the procedure. Summer fertilizing promotes fruit growth, and autumn fertilizing will strengthen the tree before winter trials. It is important to use fertilizers according to the norm, while a deficiency will only affect the harvest, and an excess will sometimes destroy the tree.
Why do you need to fertilize pears in spring?
Pear trees are fed systematically, but fertilizers applied in a timely manner in the spring are especially important for plants. They ensure activation of growth and development of the crown, growth of new shoots, quality and quantity of fruits not only in the current year, but also for future harvests. According to the algorithm generally accepted by gardeners, at the beginning of crop development in the spring, three feedings are carried out:
- with swelling of the kidneys;
- at the time of blossoming of buds;
- at the beginning of the creation of ovaries.
All spring fertilizer preparations contain nitrogen:
- Assimilating nutrients from the first feeding, the pear gives a significant part of them to the crown and foliage, the growth of new shoots;
- fertilizers after the second feeding stimulate the number of flowers formed, forming the volume of the harvest;
- An important third support for the tree is nitrogen-containing fertilizers, which will prevent the ovaries from falling off and give the pear the opportunity to nourish the growing fruits.
Complex preparations containing potassium and phosphorus will contribute to the proper formation of fruits in June. These elements take a long time to decompose, and their inclusion in pear fertilizer in the spring is timely, although they are used by the tree only in the summer. Sometimes gardeners take only nitrogen substances - ammonium nitrate or urea - for the first two fertilizings. But for the last fertilizer in the spring, preparations with different components are more often used, remembering that the tree will have to feed the fruits that have set.
Types of fertilizers for pears
There is a rule: in the spring, pears are given two-thirds of the total amount of fertilizing during the warm season. Along with mineral products, commonly available organic fertilizers are widely used: bird droppings, mullein, or waste from other herbivorous animals. The remaining volume is used in the summer.
Organic
Gardeners often add organic matter to pear trees from the very beginning of spring. Over time, humus or compost decomposes and feeds the tree with the substances it needs during this period, especially nitrogen. Chicken manure is also popular as a third feeding in spring; it serves as a source of not only nitrogen, but is also rich in various other elements. An organic herbal infusion, which is also applied as the last fertilizer in the spring, stimulates the growing season. Mullein or bird droppings are added to the green mass during the fermentation process.
Organic matter, compost, well-rotted humus or even compacted manure are often used in the fall to mulch the pear tree trunk, which is carried out before the onset of cold weather. In the spring, after digging, the substances nourish the roots of the tree. Humus or bird droppings are added under the pear every 2-3 years.
Mineral
There are many convenient complex preparations for the garden from leading companies in this industry - Fertica, Super Master, Actiwin, Plantafol, where the entire composition is balanced and scientifically calculated. Such fertilizers include not only three macroelements, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, but also many microelements necessary for plants: manganese, magnesium, boron, copper, iron and others. More popular are the usual products that are produced by the domestic industry:
- nitroammophoska;
- nitrophoska;
- nitrophos;
- Diammofoska;
- ammophos;
- nitroammophos.
Different fertilizers are applied in spring according to soil type. Therefore, it is better to purchase mineral products in local stores, where they are delivered in accordance with demand and need.
In spring, pears are fed with ammonium nitrate or urea, which also has another common name - urea. In summer, boron compounds, potassium salt, potassium monophosphate, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and others are used for fertilizers. It is recommended to carry out foliar feeding during this period.
How to fertilize pears in spring
After the snow melts, you can already carry out root feeding in the garden. The main condition for successful fertilization in spring or summer is that the soil is loose and moist. Only mature trees or seedlings from the year before last are fed.A young plant planted in autumn does not need fertilizing; the substances placed in the pit are sufficient for the entire warm season.
Fertilizers when planting pears
For such a powerful and high-yielding tree as a pear, it is recommended to prepare a planting hole in advance. If pear trees are planted in the southern regions in the fall, the pit is dug in the spring or early summer. For planting pears in the middle zone and in more severe climates, spring is usually chosen, but the hole for the tree is prepared in October. When placing a seedling on fertile soils, fertilizers are also added. As one of the options, nutrients are not placed in the hole, but the future area of the trunk circle is enriched with them during preliminary digging.
The light-loving plant is placed in a spacious place, avoiding windy and low-lying areas. The pear grows successfully on fertile loams. On other soils, a special planting substrate is added to the hole, if necessary, in clay, and a drainage layer is arranged. The holes for pears are dug spacious, with a diameter of up to 70-100 cm, a depth of up to 70-90 cm. The composition of the planting substrate for a pear varies depending on the soil:
- on soils rich in humus, use an incomplete bucket of compost or rotted humus, 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate and 1 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate;
- a pit on poor soil is filled with a mixture of 3 buckets of humus, 2 buckets of sand or a bucket of clay, guided by which component prevails in the soil, and the proportion of fertilizers is also increased - up to 10 tbsp. l. superphosphate and 2-3 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate;
- on acidic and heavy clay soils, first six months before planting pears in the spring, add a solution of 400 g of dolomite flour to a bucket of water, pouring the specified amount per 1 square meter. m;
- after 10-30 days, when laying a hole, mix the substrate in the proportion of 1 liter of humus per 1 liter of garden soil.
What fertilizer to apply before pear blossoms
In early spring, they make do with nitrogen substances of choice:
- Water 2 mature trees with a solution of 200 g of urea in a bucket of water, or an apple tree;
- For the same number of plants, dilute 1 tbsp in 10 liters, with a slide. l. ammonium nitrate;
- 200 g of chicken manure are infused for 20-24 hours in 5 liters of water to fertilize one pear.
Infusions for fertilizing are poured into grooves along the perimeter of the tree trunk circle or onto the soil, with mandatory preliminary or subsequent watering. Fertilizers are scattered in the spring in dry form, digging and then watering the soil. If there is constant precipitation, do without watering.
The beginning of spring, before the buds open, is a convenient time to use iron sulfate for pears. Spraying the tree will protect against pests and diseases, and will also replenish iron reserves for the plant.
If this element is missing:
- leaves turn yellow or discolored;
- the annual increase is small;
- the tops of the shoots are dry;
- the fruits become smaller every year;
- The pear tree drops its leaves early.
In March, dilute from 100 to 500 g of iron sulfate in a bucket of water. And if you treat a tree by leaves, only 10-50 g, because burns of the greenery are possible.
How to feed a pear during the flowering period
When the buds bloom, the pear is fed with the same substances as the first time. You can repeat an identical nitrogen fertilizer or take another one from the list above. The solution is also distributed over the furrows, followed by abundant watering.The granules do not steep for long, making sure that the mixture does not sit for more than 10-12 hours.
How to feed a pear for growth after flowering
The third feeding in the spring in the phase of ovary formation is carried out using any complex fertilizers that are recommended by the retail chain for garden fruit crops. These can be familiar preparations consisting of three elements - phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. Or modern developments with various additional minerals.
For example, the norm of nitroammophoska per 1 adult tree is up to 150 g. For fertilizer, dilute 50 g of the product in a bucket of water. To fertilize one pear in the spring, at least 30 liters of infusion are required. In addition, the tree trunk circle is watered. Other complexes for feeding in the spring are used, carefully studying the instructions for the drug.
Now is the right time to create green fertilizer from young, succulent grass and grown weed:
- the container is filled half or more with mowed greens;
- add 1 tbsp. l. urea or humate according to the instructions - as a source of nitrogen, which will speed up fermentation;
- fill with water and cover;
- after 10-14 days, with the appearance of a persistent unpleasant odor of ammonia, the grass is removed with a pitchfork and used for mulch in the garden or garden;
- the liquid is diluted with water 1:10 and poured 2-3 buckets under the pear, into grooves 8-10 cm deep, which are then buried.
Rules for feeding pears
Mineral and organic fertilizers will be beneficial if they are used correctly in spring and summer:
- nitrogen preparations are not taken for planting;
- root dressings are applied by digging up the tree trunk to a depth of 10 cm;
- use strictly recommended dosages without increasing them;
- It is advisable not to mix more than two mono-fertilizers yourself; if necessary, it is better to buy balanced complexes.
After root and even foliar feeding, the pear is watered.
Foliar feeding of pears in summer
In June, then 20 days later, in July, pears are sprayed with fertilizers for good fruit ripening. Foliar fertilizers act faster than those applied to the ground. Substances are immediately absorbed by the leaves and enter the vessels of the tree:
- in the second or third decade of June, the tree is sprayed with a urea solution, as in the spring, to support it during fruit growth;
- before July 10-15, fertilize with a solution of 5 g of potassium sulfate in 1 liter of water, after 2 weeks - with a solution of superphosphate (30 g/l), according to the instructions;
- spring and summer are the time to foliarly feed pears with magnesium with 200 g of magnesium sulfate dissolved in a bucket of water.
Recommendations from gardeners
Every amateur gardener has his own little secrets about how, when and what to feed pears:
- To feed pears in August, add drops to 1 square meter. m around the perimeter of the tree trunk circle, 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate and potassium sulfate, which is also called potassium sulfate;
- To prevent calcium deficiency, in the fall, when digging, add 150 g of wood ash per 1 square meter to the soil. m;
- EM preparations are actively used in gardens: humates, Baikal EM-1 and the like;
- in early spring, before the buds bloom, the trees are treated with a solution of 20 g of boric acid per bucket of water to preserve future ovaries;
- young non-fruit-bearing trees are fed with nitrogen preparations in the spring, and with phosphorus-potassium complexes in the fall.
Conclusion
Feeding pears in spring, summer and autumn means creating a strong foundation for a bountiful harvest. Nitrogen products will help the tree develop, potassium and phosphorus will help form beautiful and healthy fruits. Timely application of the recommended doses of fertilizer will support the tree and will not negatively affect the nutritional properties of the fruit.
