Content
The Chizhovskaya pear was bred in 1993 by Russian breeders. The variety belongs to mid-season and late summer, has a universal purpose. This pear is grown in the Volga region, Central and North-Western regions, and can often be found in the Moscow region. Its fruits have a sweet taste and good transportability. The Chizhovskaya variety is suitable for growing on a personal plot or for sale.
Characteristics of the variety
The description of the Chizhovskaya pear is as follows:
- medium-sized trees with a height of 1.8 to 2.5 m;
- the crown of a young tree has a pyramidal shape;
- as the crown grows, it becomes more spreading;
- white flowers, collected in inflorescences;
- oval, bright green leaves;
- along the central vein the leaf plate is slightly curved;
- the stem is gray, the shoots have a brown tint;
- high frost resistance;
- sensitivity of the variety to lack of moisture.
According to the description, photos, reviews, the Chizhovskaya pear has a number of distinctive characteristics of the fruit:
- Smooth surface;
- white and juicy pulp;
- yellow-green color;
- average weight – 120 g;
- sweet taste with slight sourness;
- sugar content in the Chizhovskaya variety is 9%, titratable acids are 0.45%;
- shelf life after harvesting – up to 4 months;
- high yield (up to 50 kg) per tree.
According to the description, the Chizhovskaya pear is suitable for fresh consumption; jam, compotes and other homemade preparations are made from it. Over time, on old trees over 15 years old, the fruits become smaller. Tree pruning will help correct the situation.
The fruits have good commercial properties and are suitable for transportation over long distances. Store fresh fruits in a dark room at low temperatures.
Landing Features
The pear is planted in a prepared place that is well lit by the sun and protected from the wind. The procedure for planting the Chizhovskaya variety includes a number of procedures: applying fertilizers, preparing seedlings and pits. Regardless of the time of work (autumn or spring), planting deadlines must be observed.
Choosing a suitable location
To plant the Chizhovskaya pear variety, choose a well-lit place where there is no wind load. Then the seedling can quickly take root and take root well. Groundwater should be located at a level of 3 m and below. If possible, the tree is located on a hill.
The tree grows slowly in heavy soils with a high clay content. The soil must remain loose and have good ability to pass air and moisture. It is not recommended to plant the Chizhovskaya variety next to mountain ash, since they have common pests.
Landing dates
Pears are planted in autumn or spring. If work is carried out in the fall, then first you need to wait until the leaves fall.Then the growth of plants that prepare for winter stops.
The Chizhovskaya variety needs to be planted before the onset of cold weather. You need to focus on the weather conditions in the region. Typically, planting work is carried out until mid-October. Before the beginning of winter, the tree will germinate and have time to take root.
In the northern regions, the Chizhovskaya pear variety is planted in the spring. In this case, the pit preparation takes place in the fall. Planting is carried out before sap flow begins. In the middle zone, this variety is planted no later than April 20-30.
Work order
The Chizhovskaya variety is planted according to a certain order:
- Before planting, a young plant needs preparation. First you need to evaluate it visually and cut off broken and dry shoots. The roots of the tree are placed in a mixture consisting of clay and ash, diluted with water to the consistency of sour cream. If a seedling is purchased with a closed root system, then planting is done along with a lump of earth.
- A few weeks before planting, a hole with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 0.5 m is prepared. Two buckets of a mixture consisting of fertile soil, humus and peat are placed at the bottom of the hole. Superphosphate and wood ash are used as fertilizer. It is better to refuse nitrogen fertilizing.
- A wooden stake is placed in the center of the dug circle.
- Immediately before planting, loosen the soil.
- The young tree is lowered into the hole and tied to a support.
- The hole is covered with earth and the soil is trampled down.
- The Chizhovskaya pear variety is watered abundantly.
- The soil is mulched with peat, compost or sawdust.
Rules of care
The Chizhovskaya pear variety requires standard care, which includes watering, fertilizing and pruning. At different stages of development, a tree requires different care.In spring and autumn, pruning is done, and throughout the season the pear is watered and fed. Preventive treatment against diseases and pests will preserve the tree itself and the harvest.
Watering pears
Pear Chizhovskaya needs constant watering. Lack of moisture and drought negatively affect the general condition and fruiting of the tree.
Watering is especially important in the first years after planting to strengthen the tree's root system. In the future, the pear is watered less frequently, but a large amount of moisture is added.
The Chizhovskaya pear variety must be watered at the following stages of development:
- after flowering, when the formation of the ovary begins;
- after harvesting;
- at the beginning of leaf fall.
Water is poured under the trunk. Along the circumference of the crown, a circle around the trunk is determined, within the boundaries of which the tree is watered. In hot weather, it is enough to water the pear every 20 days. After watering, the soil is loosened with a pitchfork.
Fertilizer application
In the first year after planting the Chizhovskaya pear variety, there is enough fertilizer applied to the soil. Subsequently, every three years the tree is fed with organic matter. For each square meter prepare the following mixture:
- compost – 5 kg;
- superphosphate – 30 g;
- potassium chloride – 20 g;
- urea – 10 g.
Additionally, nitrogen fertilizers can be applied. This feeding is necessary for the Chizhovskaya variety in the spring from April to May. During this period, a solution based on ammonium nitrate is prepared. One tree requires up to 30 g of this substance, which is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50.
Potassium and phosphorus fertilizers are applied in June. Up to 100 g of potassium salt is used per bucket of water, while components containing phosphorus are taken up to 300 g.
In autumn, feeding a pear tree also includes phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Superphosphate (2 tbsp.l.) and potassium chloride (1 tbsp.) are embedded in the soil within the root circle. Another option for feeding the Chizhovskaya variety is the use of wood ash. This fertilizing allows the trees to prepare for winter and improve fruiting for the next year.
Tree pruning
The crown of the tree is formed by pruning. As a result, the plant does not waste energy on growing new shoots, but directs them to fruiting. Shortening the branches prevents it from growing and creating shadow on the site.
In the spring, the Chizhovskaya pear variety is pruned according to a certain pattern:
- the crown is thinned out so that the sun’s rays can easily reach the fruits;
- the trunk is shortened by a quarter.
In the second year of life, the pear is pruned to a height of 50 cm. Then the growth of shoots will begin from the lower buds. Of the side branches of the tree, the 4 strongest are left, the rest are completely cut out.
In autumn, pear trees are pruned from late summer to early October. It is recommended to carry out the work earlier so that the wounds of the tree have time to heal before the onset of cold weather. In the fall, the following elements of the pear are removed:
- old, broken and dried shoots;
- branches growing at right angles;
- shoots that will prevent fruits from growing next year.
Protection from diseases and pests
Chizhovskaya pear is susceptible to diseases such as scab, fruit rot, and powdery mildew. Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate, and colloidal sulfur will help avoid the spread of diseases. Trees are treated by spraying before or after the pear blossoms.
After spring comes, you need to protect your orchard from insect infestations. The pear attracts mites, aphids, tubeworms, and goldentails. Various insecticides have been developed to combat them: Nitrophen, Karbos, etc.Treatment is carried out by spraying trees.
To prevent the spread of diseases and pests, the following rules for caring for the Chizhovskaya pear variety are followed:
- site cleaning, weeding weed, removal of fallen leaves;
- cleaning wood from lichen and moss;
- thinning the crown, eliminating broken branches;
- After sanitary treatment, the cut sites are treated with garden varnish.
Reviews from gardeners
Conclusion
The Chizhovskaya pear was bred specifically for cultivation in Russian conditions. The variety is resistant to winter frosts and other extreme conditions, diseases and pests. After harvesting, the crop is stored for a long time until further processing.
