Content
Moskvichka pear was bred by domestic scientists S.T. Chizhov and S.P. Potapov in the 80s of the last century. The variety is adapted to the climatic conditions of the Moscow region. The parent of the Moskvichka pear is Kieffer variety, growing in the southern regions. The Moskvichka variety is suitable for planting in the Central zone and the Volga region.
Characteristics of the variety
Description of Moskvichka pear:
- medium-sized tree of standard type;
- a dense crown, funnel-shaped when young, conical in mature plants;
- gray bark;
- average shoot formation;
- curved brown shoots;
- medium oval leaves, serrated along the edges;
- elastic curved sheet plate;
- cupped white inflorescences;
- inflorescences include 5-7 buds.
The fruits of the Moskvichka variety have the following features:
- average weight 120 g;
- wide pear-shaped;
- yellow skin with a greenish tint;
- the presence of dots on the surface of the fruit;
- white, dense and juicy pulp;
- in the core the pulp is granulated;
- blush is rarely observed;
- high taste qualities;
- pronounced aroma;
- sweet and sour taste.
The fruits of the Moskvich pear ripen in September. The fruits are harvested when the skin turns yellow. At zero temperature, the crop is stored for up to 3 months.In room conditions, the fruits last no more than 2 weeks.
The fruits of the Moskvichka variety are picked green before maturity. Ripe pear does not crumble and retains its external properties after ripening. The transportability of the variety is average.
Fruiting of the Moskvichka variety begins 3 years after planting. The tree annually produces a harvest of 35-40 kg.
Planting a pear
The Moskvichka variety is planted after preparing the soil and planting pit. The variety is demanding on the location of the site, soil quality and access to the sun. Healthy trees with a developed root system take root most quickly.
Preparing the site
The place for the Moskvich pear is chosen taking into account its location and lighting. A part of the land located on the southern or southwestern side of the site is allocated for the tree. The place should be sunny, but not too hot.
The high location of groundwater negatively affects the development of the pear. With constant exposure to moisture, roots rot. The location is chosen on a hill or slope.
When planted in the fall, the Moskvichka pear has time to adapt to new conditions before the cold weather begins. Therefore, autumn planting is considered more reliable.
Pear grows well on chernozem or loamy soils. Sandy, clayey and poor soil is not suitable for planting. The addition of additional components helps improve its composition.
Coarse river sand is added to clayey soil, and peat is added to sandy soil. All types of soil are fertilized with organic matter. For each hole you need 2-3 buckets of compost or humus. Mineral fertilizers for fruit trees include 300 g of superphosphate and 100 g of potassium sulfide.
The Moskvichka variety is self-sterile. A pollinator is planted at a distance of 3-4 m: variety Lyubimitsa Yakovleva or Bergamot Moscow
Work order
In autumn, the soil in the beds is prepared 3-4 weeks before planting. When carrying out work in the spring, the hole is dug in the fall.
Two-year-old Moskvich pear seedlings are chosen for planting. The roots of the plant should not have dry or rotten areas. A healthy seedling has an even trunk without defects. Before planting, you can immerse the pear roots in water for 12 hours if they are slightly dry.
Landing sequence:
- First, dig a hole to a depth of 1 cm and a diameter of 70 cm. Planting begins after 3 weeks, when the soil has settled.
- Compost and minerals are added to the top soil layer. The soil is thoroughly mixed.
- Half of the soil mixture is placed in the hole and compacted well.
- The remaining soil is poured to form a small hill.
- A wooden stake is placed in the hole so that it rises 1 m above the ground surface.
- The roots of the seedling are dipped into a clay solution containing a concentration of liquid sour cream.
- The pear is placed on a hill and the roots are covered with soil.
- The soil is compacted and 2-3 buckets of water are poured into the tree trunk circle.
- The seedling is tied to a support.
A planted pear needs weekly watering. To maintain a high level of moisture, the soil is mulched with humus or straw. In autumn, the young plant is covered with non-woven fabric to protect it from frost.
Variety care
According to the description of the variety, photos and reviews, Moskvichka pear produces a high yield with regular care. The tree is fed with minerals and organic matter. The winter hardiness of the variety is average; the pear does not freeze in the middle zone.
During drought, the pear tree is watered, the soil is loosened and mulched.To protect the tree from diseases and insects, preventive treatments are performed.
Watering
With regular precipitation, Moskvichka pear needs moderate watering. The intensity of moisture application increases during drought. The first watering is carried out after the snow melts before the buds swell, the next one - after flowering.
In summer, the pear is watered at the beginning of June and in the middle of the next month. In dry weather, additional moisture is added in early August. Until mid-September, winter watering is carried out to help the tree survive the winter.
Moisture is introduced into the trunk circle of the Moskvich pear. The soil is loosened to improve the absorption of moisture and nutrients. Mulching with peat or humus helps maintain a high level of soil moisture.
Feeding
By applying fertilizers, the yield of the Moskvichka variety is increased. During the season, the variety is fed 3-4 times with organic matter or minerals.
In early spring, the pear is watered with a solution of ammonium nitrate (15 g per 10 liters of water) or mullein in a ratio of 1:15. The fertilizer contains nitrogen, which promotes the growth of green mass. In the future, nitrogen is not used to feed pears.
After flowering, the soil under the tree is dug up and humus or Nitroammofoska is added to the soil. In July, prepare a solution containing 20 g of superphosphate and potassium salt per 10 liters of water.
In autumn, the pear is fed with wood ash, which is added to the tree trunk. Fertilizer consumption is 150 g per 1 m2. Additionally, prepare a solution of 30 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium sulfide per 10 liters of water and water the fruit trees with it.
Trimming
The Moskvich pear is pruned immediately after planting. The skeletal branches are left, the rest are removed. The main trunk is shortened by ¼ of the length. The cut areas are treated with garden varnish.
Next year, the trunk is cut by 25 cm. To form the crown, skeletal shoots are cut by 5 cm. Pruning of an adult tree is carried out in spring and autumn to rejuvenate and increase the yield.
In the spring, before the beginning of the growing season, the branches of the Moskvich pear are cut out, thickening the crown. Several fruiting branches are left on each skeletal shoot. If the shoot grows in a vertical direction, it is cut out.
Autumn pruning is carried out until the end of September. Dry and broken branches are removed. Annual shoots are shortened by 1/3 and several buds are left on them.
Protection from pests and diseases
According to the description, photos and reviews, the Moskvichka pear is resistant to scab, rot, septoria and other pear diseases. To prevent diseases, watering is rationed and tree branches are trimmed in a timely manner. In early spring, the tree is treated with Bordeaux mixture or colloidal sulfur. The procedure is repeated in the fall after leaf fall.
The main pests of pears are mites, leaf rollers, honey beetles, aphids, and codling moths. They are combated by treating trees with insecticides Iskra, Cyanox, Karbofos, Kemifos. For preventive purposes, spraying is carried out in the spring before flowering.
In the fall, fallen pear leaves, in which pests overwinter, are removed and burned. The tree trunk circle is dug up. Among the folk remedies against insects, infusions of tobacco dust, dandelion and chamomile are effective.
Reviews from gardeners
Conclusion
According to the description, the Moskvich pear stands out for its high yield and tasty fruits. The variety is fast-growing and begins to bear fruit early. After planting, the pear needs special care, including watering, mulching and crown formation. The Moskvichka variety is fed annually and treated against diseases and pests.
