Yakovlevskaya pear: description of the variety, photos, reviews

Content

1 History of creation
2 Description of the variety
- 2.1 Fruit characteristics
3 Reviews from gardeners
4 Conclusion

Despite the fact that from time immemorial apple and pear trees have been considered the most common fruit trees in the middle zone, until recently there were very few truly reliable, tasty and productive pear varieties, for example, for the conditions of the Moscow region. Over the past few decades, the situation has changed radically and today gardeners have plenty to choose from. But there are still not so many so-called winter varieties, the fruits of which can be stored for a more or less long period of time, over two months.

The choice for cultivation is especially limited in the regions north of Lipetsk or Tambov, since it is the late varieties of pears that require a certain amount of heat and sun for good ripening of the wood and the fruits themselves. In areas with short and cool summers, this amount may not be enough. Nevertheless, breeders have produced varieties that ripen in September-October, and the fruits can last until the New Year, and sometimes longer. One of these varieties is the Yakovlevskaya pear, a detailed description of the variety with photos and reviews from gardeners is presented in this article.

History of creation

At the end of the 90s of the twentieth century, a group of scientist-breeders of the State Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Plants named after.Michurin, based on crossing the pear varieties Tolgarskaya Krasavitsa and Daughter of the Dawn, a whole line of hybrid varieties was obtained: Nika, Chudesnitsa, Feeriya, Yakovlevskaya and others. After numerous tests, all these fruit forms received the status of different pear varieties with somewhat similar, but still individual characteristics.

The following scientists took part in the development of the Yakovlevskaya pear variety: S.P. Yakovlev, V.V. Chivilev, N.I. Savelyev, A.P. Gribanovsky. In 2002, this variety was officially included in the State Register and zoned in the following areas:

Belgorodskaya;
Voronezh;
Kursk;
Lipetskaya;
Orlovskaya;
Tambovskaya.

Judging by the reviews of gardeners, the Yakovlevskaya pear has taken root well and produces excellent harvests in more northern regions, such as Moscow, Yaroslavl and even Leningrad.

Description of the variety

Pear trees of the Yakovlevskaya variety can be classified as medium-sized. Mature trees can reach 10 meters in height, although much depends on the rootstock on which the graft is made. On average, per year the tree grows 25-30 cm in height and 15 cm in width. The crown has a fairly regular wide-pyramidal shape of medium density.

The shoots are bare, red-brown in color, of medium thickness, growing mostly straight. The medium-sized dark green leaves have an elongated oval shape with a smooth surface and a glossy sheen. Finely serrated serrations are observed along the edges. The shape of the base of the leaf is obtuse, and the leaf blade itself is slightly curved upward.

There are numerous lentils. The buds are medium in size, bent, smooth. Their shape is conical. Leaf petioles are medium in both length and thickness. The stipules have an awl-shaped shape.

Attention! Fruiting can be called mixed, since it is concentrated on all types of fruit branches without exception.

The variety is practically self-fertile, although for better fruit set it is recommended to have a pear tree of any variety nearby, but with similar flowering periods. In general, the presence of a pollinator for the Yakovlevskaya pear is not an end in itself, because in an amateur garden, even the harvest obtained from one adult pear without additional pollination will be more than enough for the whole family.

The Yakovlevskaya pear is traditionally distinguished by its rather late date of entry into fruiting. The first fruits from the moment of planting can be expected only after 5-6 years.

The variety officially belongs to the winter variety, although due to the fact that the average harvest time falls in September-October, some call the Yakovlevskaya pear an autumn variety. Indeed, the so-called removable ripeness of pears usually occurs in the second half of September. But often the fruits are allowed to gain sweetness and hang until mid-October. In this case, the fruits have time to color and acquire additional juiciness.

A distinctive feature of the Yakovlevskaya variety is its ability for long-term storage. Under normal home conditions, pears can be stored until the New Year. If you create ideal storage conditions for them, with low temperature and humidity, then the shelf life can increase to 5-6 months.

The yield of the Yakovlevskaya pear is high. In industrial plantings it averages 178 c/ha. In any case, from a ten-year-old tree you can get at least 40-50 kg of fruit.

In terms of winter hardiness, this variety is not at all in last place - it is above the average level of those varieties that are traditionally grown in Central Russia.

Important! Breeders conducted an experiment on artificially freezing trees during the winter, bringing the ambient temperature to -38°C. As a result, damage of only 1.1 points was recorded on the tissues of the bark and cambium.

In addition, pears of this variety are distinguished by good resistance to fungal diseases, primarily scab, the scourge of all pome crops, and entomosporiasis.

Fruit characteristics

The fruits of the Yakovlevskaya pear are very beautiful - they have a fairly regular elongated classic pear-shaped shape. The size of pears is relatively large - the weight of one fruit can vary from 120 to 210 grams.

The skin is smooth, even, of medium thickness, slightly oily, and has a small layer of waxy coating, which is designed to serve as protection from adverse environmental influences.

If at the moment of removable ripeness pears may have a rather uniform green color, then at the stage of consumer ripeness the skin turns yellowish. One part of the fruit, usually facing the sun, has a distinct reddish blush.

The stalks are medium in length and thickness and have a curved shape. The funnel is narrow and shallow in depth. The calyx is semi-open, non-falling. The saucer is wide, of medium depth. The heart has a bulbous shape.

The seed chambers in the fruits are closed and medium in size. The small seeds are conical and brown in color.

The pulp of the fruit is medium dense, juicy, cream-colored. It has a delicate semi-oily consistency with slight granulation. The taste of the fruit was rated 4.5 on a five-point scale.

Comment! Pears have a characteristic delicate aroma with floral notes and a pleasant sweet taste with a subtle sourness.

According to their composition, the fruits of the Yakovlevskaya pear contain:

Total sugars – 11.6%;
Titratable acids – 0.4%;
Dry matter – 12.8%;
P-active substances – 148.0 mg/100 g;
Ascorbic acid – 10.1 mg/100 g.

Pears of this variety, as already noted, are stored well and for a long time and can be transported over considerable distances.

The fruits are used universally. As a rule, winter pear varieties are valued primarily for their keeping quality, which allows you to enjoy the taste of fresh fruit even in winter. But the fruits of this variety also make very tasty jam, jam, compote, marmalade and marshmallows. It is suitable for drying and even for making homemade wine.

Like many productive varieties, the Yakovlevskaya pear has one drawback - if the crown is thickened or if the yield is too abundant, the fruit may become crushed. Therefore, timely pruning and thinning of the crown is very important for trees, and it is also possible to normalize the ovaries after flowering.

Reviews from gardeners

Most gardeners leave positive reviews about this pear variety. After all, there are few winter varieties of pears that would grow and bear fruit well in the conditions of the middle zone. The only drawback is that the taste of the fruit is not the best, but, as you know, taste is a very individual matter.

Elena, 35 years old, Lipetsk

I really like the Yakovlevskaya pear because it is preserved; it can last until the end of January. It’s tasty and juicy, maybe a little harsh at first, but it’s still a winter variety. Signs of scab may appear only in very rainy summers. For preventive purposes, I spray the tree in the spring before buds open with a 3% Bordeaux mixture. I carry out this procedure every other year - the protection is just enough for two seasons.I also noticed that this pear loves to drink. I made grooves along the trunk circle and watered it before the formation of buds and after flowering, five buckets per tree every other day. As a result, the yield increases by 30 percent. However, the pear begins to bear fruit quite late. Only in the fifth year after planting did I get several inflorescences. But on the sixth day the whole tree was already covered with fruits. But this, as I understand it, is a feature of many pears.

Nikolay, 39 years old, Smolensk region

Several years ago I decided to plant a winter pear in my garden, because the kids were growing up and they really liked to feast on fresh fruit in the winter. I was choosing between several Michurin varieties, and eventually settled on the Yakovlevskaya pear. I already have several summer varieties of pears and one autumn variety growing in my garden - Memory of Yakovlev. I know that pears cannot tolerate the root collar getting wet, so the resulting two-year-old seedling was planted on a small hill. Otherwise everything was as usual. The pear quickly began to grow and already in the third year it had several small inflorescences, from which nothing grew. By the fourth year, several fruits had already budded. My family and I liked the taste, so we will expect a more abundant harvest next year. No health problems were observed in the pear tree.

Conclusion

Yakovlevskaya pear will definitely delight you with juicy and tasty fruits that can be preserved for quite a long time. You just need to be patient and wait for it to bear fruit, which comes relatively late.