Content
When choosing a pear, they are guided by the taste and quality of the fruit, resistance to cold and disease. Domestic hybrids are adapted to Russian conditions and do not lose their relevance. Description, photo and reviews about pear Dessert Rossoshanskaya will help gardeners grow a productive tree on their plot.
Description of the Rossoshanskaya pear variety
Rossoshanskaya pear is the result of the work of domestic breeders. The varieties were bred at the Rossoshan experimental station. The institution is located in the south of the Voronezh region and is engaged in the creation of new varieties.
First pear varieties Rossoshanskaya was bred in 1952 and was named Dessertnaya. Later, other varieties appeared - Beautiful, Early and Late. Based on the Rossoshan varieties, the hybrids Quiet Don, Severyanka, Nerussa were obtained.
According to the description of the variety and photo, the Rossoshanskaya pear is a medium or vigorous tree.The crown is pyramidal or round in shape. The pear reaches a height of 3 - 4 m. The leaves of the plant are ovoid, pointed, 5 - 10 cm long. In autumn they acquire a yellow-orange hue. The variety blooms in May. Flowers are collected in brushes of 4 - 9 pieces.
Depending on the variety, the fruits have an elongated or rounded shape. Universal use: fresh consumption, drying, making jams, compotes, juices.
Varieties
There are 4 varieties of Rossoshanskaya pear, which differ in the ripening period and appearance of the fruit.
Dessert pear Rossoshanskaya
The hybrid was included in the State Register in 1965. Pears are recommended to be grown in the Central and Central Black Earth regions.
The culture has the appearance of a medium-sized tree. The variety has a rounded crown with medium density. The bark is gray, the shoots are brown. The leaves are green, large, with pointed tips. The leaf blade is smooth and curved. The flowers are white, large.
The fruits have a flattened shape and weigh about 190 g. The skin is smooth, not hard, light yellow with a crimson blush. The pulp is slightly dense, beige, and produces a lot of juice. It tastes sweet and sour, with a faint aroma. Tasting properties are rated 4.5 points. The fruits are well transported, the shelf life is from 100 to 146 days. Application - universal.
The Dessertnaya Rossoshanskaya variety has high winter hardiness. When the temperature dropped to -38 °C, freezing was 1.4-1.8 points. These are mild injuries in which some of the generative buds and annual shoots die.
The tree tolerates drought well. During the growing season it is damaged by septoria and copperhead. Scab resistance is high.
Pear Rossoshanskaya Beautiful
The Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya variety was obtained by crossing the Tonkovetka Mlievskaya variety and Clapp's Favorite. In 1986 it was entered into the State Register. The variety is widespread in the southern regions of the Black Earth Region, the North Caucasus and the Volga region.
The trees are vigorous and have a pyramidal crown. The crown is sparse, the bark is dark gray, the skeletal branches are brownish. The shoots are long and straight. The leaves are green, shiny, medium sized. The buds are pink and white.
Rossoshanskaya pear fruits Gorgeous medium in size, weighing 120 g. Pear-shaped, elongated shape. The skin is smooth, non-rigid, white-yellow, covered with green dots. The color is blurry, red. The inside of the pear is yellowish, juicy, sweet with a sour aftertaste. The variety was given a tasting score of 4 points. The fruits hang on the branches for a long time before ripening. The pear is well stored and transported.
The winter hardiness of the variety is high. At a temperature of -34 °C, the degree of freezing of shoots is up to 1.3 points. Drought resistance is average. If there is a lack of moisture, the fruits become smaller. The inflorescences do not tolerate spring frosts.
Scab resistance is average. In the conditions of the Voronezh region, a tree rarely gets sick. More often, signs of the disease appear when planting in the Oryol region.
Pear Rossoshanskaya Late
It is considered one of the best among winter varieties. The fruits are enlarged, weighing 250 - 350 g. The shape is round, the color is yellow-green. When ripe, the skin turns yellow. When exposed to the sun, a red blush appears.
According to the description, the Rossoshanskaya Late pear has a good taste and presentation. The pulp is beige, tender, with a pronounced aroma. The harvest is harvested in mid to late September. Storage period - until February.If you remove the fruit later, the pulp picks up more sugar. This reduces the storage time of the pear.
The tree is medium-sized, has a rounded crown. Winter hardiness is high; at a temperature of -32 °C, freezing is estimated at 1.5 points.
Pear Rossoshanskaya Early
The variety was obtained by cross-pollination of seedlings Marbled pears and Rossoshanskaya the Beautiful. Varietal testing has been taking place since 1995. Tree of medium to high vigor. The crown is not thickened. The bark on the trunk is dark gray.
The shoots are brown in color and branch weakly. The leaves are ovoid, green, shiny, curved along the vein. Umbrella-shaped inflorescences with white flowers.
The fruits are elongated and medium in size. The skin is smooth, golden yellow. Most of the pear has a red-orange blush. The surface is covered with small subcutaneous dots. The taste is sweet and sour, rated 4.7 points. The pulp is yellowish, tender, oily.
The Rossoshanskaya summer pear tolerates temperature drops in winter down to -30 °C. Cold snaps in the fall are more dangerous for the tree. The variety also does not tolerate spring frosts.
Pros and cons of the variety
Advantages of growing the Rossoshanskaya pear variety:
- high precociousness;
- presentation of the fruit;
- good taste;
- high stable yield;
- universal use;
- increased immunity to diseases.
The main disadvantage of the Rossoshanskaya variety is the need to plant pollinators. Its varieties are suitable for growing in warm climates. To increase frost resistance, grafting is done onto a resistant rootstock.
Optimal growing conditions
For successful cultivation of pears, a number of conditions are provided:
- bright natural light;
- absence of trees or buildings casting shadows on the pear;
- elevated or flat area;
- deep groundwater;
- chernozem or loamy soil;
- watering before and after flowering;
- supply of fertilizers.
Planting and caring for Rossoshanskaya pear
In order to regularly get a high yield, it is important to plant the pear tree correctly and provide it with care. During the season, the crop requires watering and fertilizing, and in the fall - preparation for winter.
Landing rules
Pears are planted in late autumn, after leaf fall has ended. 2 - 3 weeks before the cold weather, the tree has time to take root. Seedlings are purchased from nurseries or other trusted suppliers. The plant is assessed visually for the absence of cracks, mold and other defects. If the cold snap comes earlier, the seedlings are buried in the ground and covered with sawdust until spring.
A planting hole is prepared for the pear. It is left for 3 weeks to allow the soil to shrink. If this is not done, the seedling will be damaged. For spring planting, the pit is prepared in the fall.
Planting procedure for Rossoshanskaya pear:
- First, dig a hole 60 cm in size and 50 cm deep.
- Mix 30 kg of compost, 400 g of superphosphate and 180 g of potassium salt into fertile soil.
- Half of the substrate is poured into the hole and compacted.
- A small hill is formed from the remaining soil, and a seedling is placed on it.
- The roots of the plant are covered with earth.
- The soil is well compacted and watered.
After planting, the pear tree is watered every week. The soil is mulched with humus. In the next 2 - 3 years, the crop does not require fertilizing.
Watering and fertilizing
It is enough to water the Rossoshanskaya pear before and after flowering. The tree needs moisture to form ovaries. 3-4 buckets of warm water are poured into the tree trunk circle. Additional watering is possible in dry weather. Moisture should not stagnate in the soil.After watering, loosen the soil and mulch with peat. In the fall, the last pre-winter watering is performed.
During the season, the crop is fed 3-4 times. In early spring, nitrogen fertilizers are applied: a solution of urea or mullein. Fertilizing stimulates the growth of green mass. After flowering, the tree is fed with a solution of Nitroammophoska.
Add 40 g of superphosphate and potassium salt to 10 liters of water. The solution is poured under the root or embedded in the soil before watering. Feeding is repeated in mid-September so that the tree gains strength after fruiting. Instead of minerals, use bone meal or wood ash.
Trimming
The pear is pruned in early spring, before sap flow begins. A pyramid-shaped crown is formed for the tree. The first treatment is carried out immediately after planting. The central conductor is shortened by ¼. Skeletal shoots are identified, the remaining shoots are cut off. Broken, frozen and diseased branches are removed annually. It is allowed to prune in the fall, when the leaf fall ends.
Whitewash
Whitewashing is carried out in November or early March. The procedure protects the tree bark from temperature changes and spring burns. During the whitewashing process, the larvae of pests that overwinter on trees are destroyed.
You can use a ready-made composition or make it yourself from water, lime and clay. In a pear, the lower part of the trunk is processed from the skeletal shoots to the ground. Whitewashing is necessary for adult and young trees. For seedlings, a less concentrated mixture is obtained.
Preparing for winter
Preparing pears for winter begins in late autumn. The tree is watered so that the moist soil protects it from the cold.Then the trunk is covered with earth and a layer of humus mulch is poured.
Young plantings need additional protection from the cold. A wooden frame is built over the pear and agrofibre is attached. The top of the planting is covered with spruce branches. Polyethylene, which does not allow moisture and air to pass through, is not suitable for shelter.
Pollination
To form ovaries, pears require pollinators. For planting, select varieties that bloom at the same time. Other factors influence the pollination process: warm weather, lack of rain, cold and heat. The pear is planted on a plot with an interval of 3 - 4 m. If it is not possible to place several trees, then choose a resistant rootstock. Different varieties are grafted into the crown.
The best pollinators for Rossoshanskaya pear:
- Marble. The variety is widespread in the Central and Central Black Earth regions. Medium-sized tree with a wide pyramidal crown. Fruits weighing 160 g, regularly conical in shape. The skin is dense, green-yellow with a reddish marbled blush. The variety is valued for winter hardiness and fruit quality. The main disadvantage is sensitivity to lack of moisture.
- Tatiana. An autumn variety, it is a tall tree with a sparse crown. Fruits weighing up to 230 g. The pulp is creamy and sweet. The color is yellow-golden with a blurred blush. The variety has dessert qualities and winter hardiness. Weakly affected by scab and powdery mildew.
- Autumn Yakovleva. An autumn fruiting variety, found in the middle zone. The tree grows quickly and forms a rounded drooping crown. The fruits are medium in size, greenish-yellow in color with a blurred blush. The pulp is homogeneous, tender, oily. Needs treatment for scab.
Ripening period of Rossoshanskaya pear
The period of fruit ripening depends on the variety. In the second half of August, the Rossoshanskaya Early pear is harvested. The variety is a summer variety; the fruits are stored for 30 days. The ripening period for the Rossoshanskaya Krasivaya pear in the Black Earth Region is mid-August. The fruits are suitable for consumption within a month.
The Desertnaya variety produces a harvest in early September. The fruits are stored for no more than 80 days. Late Rossoshanskaya pear bears fruit in mid-late September. In cool conditions, the fruits are kept until January.
Productivity
The Rossoshanskaya pear bears fruit consistently. The first fruits are harvested 5–7 years after planting. Peak fruiting occurs at the age of 11 - 15 years.
Productivity is largely determined by the variety:
- Beautiful - up to 80 kg per tree;
- Dessert – 70 kg;
- Early – from 70 to 80 kg;
- Late – 30 kg.
Diseases and pests
The most dangerous disease for the Rossoshanskaya pear is scab. The lesion looks like dark spots that appear on leaves, fruits and flowers. Gradually, the spots increase to 2 - 3 cm. As a result, the fruits become small and hard, their taste and presentation are lost. To combat scab, the drugs Skor, Strobi, Horus are used. Treatments are carried out every 2 weeks.
The pear attracts copperhead, leaf roller, codling moth, aphids and other pests. Insects feed on tree sap, which slows down its growth and reduces yield. To get rid of pests, insecticides Agravertin, Iskra, Decis are used. Trees are sprayed with working solutions leaf by leaf. A good preventative measure is digging up the soil in the tree trunk circle and whitewashing the trunk.
Reviews of Rossoshanskaya pear
Conclusion
Descriptions, photos and reviews about the Dessert Rossoshanskaya pear will help gardeners find suitable seedlings for growing. The group of varieties is characterized by high yield and good taste of fruits. The plantings are provided with constant care: watered, fed, and the crown trimmed.
