Content
Brief description of the Hera pear variety: a high-yielding, unpretentious plant with high taste. Obtained as a result of the activities of breeders S.P. Yakovlev, M.Yu. Akimov and N.I. Savelyev. Daughter of Dawn and Reale Turinskaya were used for its breeding. The variety has been under testing since 2003.
Description of the pear variety Hera
The tree has a narrow pyramidal crown and grows up to 4 m in height. Fruits are formed on both annual shoots and perennial branches. They are straight, medium in thickness, brown in color, without hairiness.
The buds are medium in size and round in shape, tightly pressed to the branches. The leaf blades are dark green in color, with a shiny and smooth surface, medium in size and oval in shape.
Hera pear flowers are white in color with white petals. The process of budding and opening occurs at the end of spring. The flowers are up to 3 cm in diameter and almost completely cover the trunk.
Fruit characteristics
According to the description and photo, the Hera pear bears large fruits 4-5 years after planting, their weight ranges from 180 to 250 g.The skin is green, of medium density, changing color to yellow as it ripens. A slight pinkish blush may be present. The core is round in shape and contains oblong brown seeds.
The pear pulp is fine-grained, cream-colored, and very juicy. Granulations (fossilized inclusions) may occur in fruits. According to the taste characteristics, Gera pears are sweet and sour, rated at 4.3 points. The fruits have an unobtrusive subtle aroma.
Violation of the rules of planting and care are factors contributing to the premature death of the plant.
Advantages and disadvantages of Hera pear
According to the description and reviews, the Gera pear variety is preferred to be cultivated in central Russia. The variety is known among gardeners due to the following qualities:
- high yield over a long period of time;
- frost resistance (up to - 38 ° C);
- high shelf life and the ability to transport over long distances;
- resistance to scab, septoria.
No obvious deficiencies of the variety have been identified, but the fruits of the Gera pear lose their marketable appearance (darken) if the rules of transportation and indoor storage are violated.
Optimal growing conditions
Pear grows wild in the countries of Europe and Central Asia, where it is a deciduous thicket. The fruits of this plant are small and have low taste.
In its cultivated form, Hera pear is grown in household plots located in the Urals, Western Siberia, Ukraine and Belarus, Japan and China.This wide distribution is facilitated not only by high yields, but also by ease of care and high frost resistance.
The optimal conditions for cultivating pears are fertile and loose soil with neutral or reduced acidity. On acidic or waterlogged soils, the seedling has difficulty taking root, produces a meager harvest or does not bear fruit.
Planting and caring for Hera pear
In autumn, it is preferable to transfer seedlings into the ground if the region has moderate climatic conditions without sudden changes in weather. If planting is successful, the first harvest is harvested after 4-5 years, and maximum fruiting is noted in the 10th year of growing the variety.
Landing rules
It is necessary to allocate a place on the site with sufficient lighting and absence of drafts. Before planting, dig a hole with a diameter of 80 cm and a depth of 1 m. If sandy soil predominates, peat is added to the humus in a ratio of 1:2.
The planting site is prepared a week before transferring the seedling to the site. Fertilizers with humus are added to the hole and filled with a bucket of water, add 3 tbsp. spoons of potassium sulfate. The next day, the humus is mixed and another 3 buckets of water are added. It is recommended to replant the variety a week after digging a hole.
A day before transferring the plant to the ground, it is left in a bucket of water to start biological processes in the seedling.
The Hera pear is placed in a hole and covered with soil. At the end of the procedure, the earth around is compacted and a hole is formed. The seedling is watered abundantly.
To prevent damage to the pear, it is recommended to construct a support from a wooden stake to which the trunk of the plant is tied.
Caring for the seedling consists of abundant watering for the first 30 days: 2 times a week. After the pear has rooted, the soil is moistened less frequently: before and after flowering and in the fall. The plant does not require insulation, so annual plantings are covered with snow. This procedure is not required in subsequent years.
Watering and fertilizing
Hera pear is drought-resistant, but to obtain the maximum amount of harvest, it is necessary to ensure soil moisture during the flowering period and after it. The irrigation rate per seed is calculated: per 1 m2 3 buckets of water are poured out of the soil. The procedure is carried out both by sprinkling and by irrigation furrows.
The procedure is carried out in the evening to avoid liquid getting on the leaf plates. For sprinkling, it is recommended to use special sprayers.
For surface watering in a circle around the trunk, the soil is loosened and grooves 10 to 15 cm deep are formed.
To prevent the soil from drying out, it is mulched with available materials (chopped straw, sawdust, leaves).
To maintain soil fertility, it is necessary to regularly apply fertilizers to it: in spring, summer and autumn. During the flowering period, the pear actively absorbs nitrogen, so fertilizers containing it are applied by scattering along the edge of the tree trunk.
In summer it is recommended to use complex supplements. In the fall, after fruiting has ended, preparations containing phosphorus and potassium are added to the soil.
Trimming
The procedure can be carried out regardless of the time of year. For crown formation, it is recommended to give preference to the autumn period.In spring, it is recommended to remove shoots that have frozen over the winter.
General recommendations for pruning Hera pear:
- heavily dense branches are thinned out to ensure full access to sunlight;
- trimming the trunk by ¼ helps prevent excessive growth of the variety;
- the cut site is treated with special preparations or garden varnish;
- Branches with signs of disease, dried out or growing at right angles must be removed.
If pruning needs to be done in the fall, then the optimal time is the beginning of October, when the foliage completely falls from the pear. When carrying out the procedure in the spring, wait until the end of February or the beginning of March.
Whitewash
To protect tree bark from sunlight, pests and temperature changes, whitewashing is carried out. It is recommended to perform the procedure twice: in spring and autumn. The preferred time for whitewashing is the end of fruiting (October-November).
If it is not possible to carry it out in the fall, it must be done in February to prevent cracks in the bark as a result of night frosts.
To prepare whitewash, dilute 3 kg of slaked lime, chalk or copper sulfate in 10 liters of water, then add 2-3 tablespoons of flour paste (you can replace 100 g of casein glue). The resulting mixture is thoroughly mixed and left to brew.
Before carrying out the procedure, you need to prepare the bark of the Hera pear: clean the trunks and branches of lichens and old bark. The use of metal knives and brushes is prohibited, as there is a high risk of damage to the plant.
Everything that was removed from the trunks and branches must be burned, and the peeled bark must be disinfected. To do this, in dry, windless weather, it is treated with a 5% solution of copper sulfate. If necessary, it is replaced with drugs Abiga Peak or Oksikhom. It is recommended to spray using a spray bottle.
Preparing for winter
At the end of fruiting, fallen pears and leaves are collected and burned, the soil is dug up and fertilizers are applied.
The Hera pear is frost-resistant, but for the purpose of prevention, the soil around the trunk is mulched using sawdust and humus.
To prevent rodents, the trunk is wrapped with mesh or any covering material. When preparing a seedling for winter, its branches are tied.
Pollinators of Hera pear
This variety has low self-fertility, so to increase productivity, the presence of pollinators is necessary.
For the Gera pear, the best options are Lada, Pamyati Yakovlev or the Chizhovskaya variety.
The distance at which the pollinator is placed depends on the selected representative. Regardless of the variety, it is recommended to place pears at least 5 m from each other. The maximum distance between pears should not exceed 10-15 m.
Productivity
The Hera pear is characterized by high yield: up to 40 kg per tree. For harvesting, cloth gloves are used, separating the fruit from the tree along with the stalk.
For maximum safety of the pear, you must adhere to the following rules:
- the fruit is placed in a ventilated, dark place where the humidity is 85% and the temperature is up to + 1 ° C;
- put Hera pears in a wooden box with sawdust, where each fruit is wrapped in paper;
- overripe or spoiled fruits cannot be stored;
- Pears need to be sorted periodically; fruits with defects are disposed of.
Fruits can be frozen; cut fruits can be stored in the refrigerator for 24 hours.
Diseases and pests
Hera pear is resistant to diseases such as scab and septoria, but there are pests and diseases that can lead to the death of the plant.
Black cancer affects leaf blades, shoots and fruits. To get rid of it, the damaged bark must be removed and the trunk treated with garden varnish. Whole shoots are sprayed with copper sulfate.
Moniliosis is characterized by rotting of the fruits on the branch. Affected fruits that have fallen to the ground are collected and disposed of, and the tree is treated prophylactically with a phytosporin solution.
Powdery mildew is characterized by the appearance of a white coating on the leaf blades. As the disease progresses, they curl up and fall off. For treatment and prevention, the pear is treated with a solution of Fundazol.
Dangerous parasites for pears that can harm the variety:
- codling moth;
- green aphids;
- pear mite;
- psyllid
To combat pests, it is necessary to promptly remove and burn all foliage. Digging of the soil, whitewashing and regular inspection of the pear are mandatory.
Reviews from gardeners about Hera pear
Conclusion
The description of the Hera pear variety and numerous reviews confirm the high yield and unpretentiousness of the crop. The plant bears fruit well in neutral soil and does not require care. The resulting harvest has good lightness and transportability, so it can be used for various purposes.
