Content
The early autumn pear variety Bryansk Beauty was created at the end of the 20th century on the basis of the All-Russian Breeding and Technical Institute of the Bryansk Region. The originators of the variety A. Vysotsky and N. Rozhnov by crossing the New Year and Williams Rouge Delbara species obtained a new, elite variety. In 2010, after testing, the fruit crop was included in the State Register. The provided description, photo and reviews about pear Bryansk beauty will help you get a general picture of the fruit tree recommended for cultivation in the Black Earth region, the Central zone of Russia. Due to its frost resistance, the pear variety is grown in the Urals.
Description of the Bryansk Beauty pear variety
The fruit tree is of medium height (about 5 m), forms a crown one meter from the ground. Description of the Bryansk beauty pear (shown in the photo):
- The crown is not spreading, pyramidal in shape, the frequency of upright branches is average. The central shoots and trunk are colored brown With dark red tint.Young shoots of burgundy color as they grow acquire the same color as perennial ones.
- The leaves are medium-sized, oblong-oval in shape with a pointed top. The surface is smooth, glossy, dark green. The growing leaves are a rich, bright burgundy color; as the upper fruit bud forms, the color changes to light green.
- The pear tree begins to bloom profusely in mid-May. The flowers are white, collected in inflorescences of 3–5 pieces. Not all fruits bear fruit; some of the flowers fall off before the ovary forms.
Fruit characteristics
The fruit crop is classified as early-bearing; the pear produces its first harvest in the third year after grafting. By the age of six, the crop bears full fruit. A tree grown using the seedling method produces its first fruits after 5 years of growth. This is one of the few pear varieties that is compatible with quince rootstock.
External characteristics of the Bryansk beauty pear fruit:
- regular elongated pear-shaped;
- pears are all the same size, average weight 250g;
- the skin is dense, hard, at the stage of technical ripeness the color is green with a small red pigment on the side in the form of an oval (blush);
- the surface is uneven, bumpy;
- ripe fruits are yellow in color, the pigment coating is dark purple, matte, occupies half of the fruit;
- the pulp is light beige in color, juicy, fine-grained, aromatic;
- the taste is sweet with a slight presence of acid.
The Bryansk beauty pear ripens in mid-September. After harvesting, the fruits are stored for up to two weeks.
Pros and cons of the Bryansk beauty pear variety
Bryansk beauty belongs to the elite dessert varieties and has a number of advantages:
- A fast-growing crop produces a harvest in the 3rd–5th year of the growing season.
- Tolerates low temperatures well.
- Resistant to a number of garden pests.
- Is immune to fungal infections.
- The plant is self-pollinating.
- At six years it reaches full fruiting.
- Excellent taste characteristics and aesthetic appearance of the crown.
- When the optimal temperature is created, the fruits are stored for a long time.
The disadvantages of pears include the instability of the harvest. With a lack of moisture, the fruits lose their taste.
Optimal growing conditions
The culture was created for cultivation in the Black Earth zone of Russia; over time, the range expanded to the central part. The Bryansk beauty pear is found in the Moscow region, Chelyabinsk and Omsk regions. To obtain a stable harvest, a number of conditions are observed to determine a permanent place for the pear. The site should be well lit and located on the south or west side. The best option is behind the wall of the building, so the young tree will be protected from the north wind. Ultraviolet deficiency slows down the growing season, young pear shoots are elongated and thin, and flowering will be incomplete.
The soil for the Bryansk beauty pear is chosen to be loamy or sandy loam, neutral. If the soil is acidic, products containing alkali are applied in the fall. A fruit tree will not grow in a wetland; close-lying waters cause root rot. The soil chosen is fertile and well-drained.
Planting and caring for the Bryansk beauty pear
In the central part of the Russian Federation, the Bryansk beauty pear is planted in the spring before the buds bloom on the seedling; this is done after above-zero temperatures have been established and the threat of spring frosts has passed. In autumn, planting is not carried out due to the fact that frosts are possible at the end of September and the unrooted plant will die. In the southern regions, planting work is carried out in the fall 21 days before the temperature drops.
Planting material is chosen for a one-year, or less often two-year, growth period with a well-developed root system without dry fragments and rot. Shoots should have smooth bark and no mechanical damage. On the trunk above the root collar, the compaction (grafting site) should be visually determined.
Landing rules
For planting pears, the hole is prepared in advance. The removed layer of fertile soil is mixed with organic matter, superphosphate and potassium are added, 120 g each. The roots of the seedling are dipped for 40 minutes in the “Kornevin” solution, which stimulates growth. Algorithm of actions:
- A stake is driven into the recess (75x100 cm), displacing it from the center by 15 cm.
- Part of the mixture is poured into a cone.
- Place the seedling, distribute the roots evenly along the bottom of the hole, if the planting material is from a container, place it in the center with an earthen lump using the transshipment method.
- Sprinkle the seedling with the remaining mixture.
- They tie it to a support, compact the soil, and water it.
A prerequisite for planting is that the grafting site should be located 7 cm above the ground. When planting in spring, the pear is shortened, this helps stimulate the growth of side shoots.
Watering and fertilizing
The pear requires watering (especially in the first years of growth). With a lack of moisture, the vegetation of young shoots slows down, the ovaries are poorly formed, the yield level drops, and the fruits lose their taste.For an adult tree, abundant watering is carried out during flowering. The young crop is watered into pre-made furrows 20 cm deep, the procedure is carried out once a week. Loosen the soil, mulch with straw or humus.
Planting rules provide for placing the pear in a prepared fertile mixture. No feeding is required for the first 3 years. In the fourth year, in early spring (before the buds open), urea or saltpeter is added. In the fall they feed with organic matter, phosphorus and potassium.
The main feeding occurs during the period when the pear bears fruit in full:
- in the spring before flowering, urea is scattered near the tree along the perimeter of the crown;
- after flowering, add “Kafor K”;
- when the pear sheds part of its ovaries, fertilize it with ash or phosphorus;
- during fruit ripening, the tree is sprayed with magnesium sulfate;
- in the fall after leaf fall they apply "Fertika autumn" (complex fertilizer) or organic matter, dig up the soil of the root circle.
Once every five years, acidic soils are neutralized with dolomite flour.
Trimming
The formation of the pear crown begins immediately after planting, the seedling is shortened to 65 cm. Over the course of five years, the formation of a fruit tree is carried out:
- On an annual tree, green shoots are fixed in a horizontal position.
- Next spring, the skeletal frame of the first tier (3 branches) is formed from them, and a quarter of the length is removed. In the summer, the tops are broken off, this is necessary for the pear to produce new shoots.
- The second tier is formed in the third year from two branches (according to the same pattern). At the beginning of July, the tops of young shoots are pinched.
- The last (third) tier consists of 3 frame branches, they are shortened by a quarter.
The crown should contain longer and thicker lower branches, subsequent ones shorter and thinner than the previous ones. The tree formed in this way has a pyramidal crown.
An adult pear tree over five years old undergoes sanitary pruning every spring and autumn, removing dry branches. Liquefy the crown, cut off excess shoots and growth near the root.
Whitewash
The larvae of garden pests and fungal spores overwinter in the tree bark. Whitewashing the trunk helps destroy parasitic microorganisms and insects. Work is carried out in autumn and spring. At the beginning of the growing season, moss and old bark are removed from the tree, then the tree is whitened. The treatment will protect the pear from ultraviolet burns. Use lime, water-based or acrylic paint.
Preparing for winter
Bryansk beauty pear is a frost-resistant crop that can withstand temperatures dropping to 280 C. Preparation for winter includes abundant watering, mulching with peat, straw, and pine needles. Young trees are covered with canvas or agrofibre.
Pollinators
The culture is self-pollinating, this feature promotes fruiting. According to gardeners, the Bryansk Beauty pear variety produces a large harvest if grown with another variety, so it is recommended to place several types of crops in one area or in neighboring ones. Optimal pollinators are Moskvichka and Lada Amurskaya pears. The trees bloom at the same time, increasing the level of fruiting of the Bryansk beauty.
Productivity
The crop blooms at a later date; the flowers do not die from returning spring frosts. The variety is self-fertile. The Bryansk beauty pear is not a high-yielding variety. Abundant flowering produces a large number of ovaries, but most of them fall off. On average, 19 kg of fruit is harvested from a pear.Subject to the conditions of agricultural technology: fertilizing, watering, pruning, neutral soil and the proximity of pollinators, the yield increases by 10 kg.
Diseases and pests
The Bryansk beauty pear has high immunity and is rarely affected by infection. In cold summers with heavy rainfall, scab may appear on leaves and fruits. Before flowering, the pear is treated with copper sulfate, after fruit set, with Raikom and Gamair. Among the pests, the gall mite poses a threat. For prevention purposes, young leaves and buds are sprayed with Decis or Inta Vir in early spring. After flowering colloidal sulfur.
Reviews of pear Bryansk beauty
Conclusion
Descriptions, photos and reviews of the Bryansk Beauty pear allow you to determine whether the variety is suitable for planting in a particular region. The crop is adapted to the weather conditions of a temperate climate, produces fruits with a high gastronomic rating, is undemanding in agricultural technology and is resistant to diseases and pests.
