Pear is one of the most common woody plants in gardens of all climate zones except the Arctic. A crop with tasty, healthy fruits of universal use, different ripening periods, weight and taste. Below are the best autumn varieties of pears with photos and names; general characteristics will help you decide on the choice of seedling for planting in a certain region.
Features of autumn varieties
All varieties of this group, according to the time of ripening, can be divided into early autumn, the fruits of which begin to ripen from late August to October, and late. The latter are harvested in October-November, in temperate climates more often at the stage of technical ripeness.
The degree of winter hardiness for autumn pears is not relevant; sap flow and flowering occur later than the early representatives. Possible return frosts do not harm the plant, which ensures stable yields.
The advantages of autumn varieties include:
- the possibility of fruit ripening under artificial conditions;
- long shelf life, presentation and nutritional value of pears do not lose within four months;
- transportability;
- stress resistance; in the ripening stage, trees calmly respond to temperature changes and the duration of autumn precipitation;
- All representatives of this group do not shed ovaries, which also contributes to stable, high yields.
The disadvantages of autumn pears include poor drought resistance of most varieties, so when choosing a seedling for planting in a subtropical climate, special attention is paid to this factor. In terms of taste, later varieties are more sour, but their concentration of vitamins and beneficial chemical elements is higher.
All autumn pears are suitable for the Middle and Central zone, regardless of ripening time. Basically, they were created for these regions or zoned into them.
The best varieties of autumn pears
The group of late representatives of the culture is quite diverse. There are many popular old varieties, and the seed market is constantly replenished with new ones. Below are the best varieties of pears for autumn ripening with characteristics and photos of ripe fruits.
Autumn Bukovyna
The Autumn Bukovyna tree bears fruit on a plot for up to 40 years, is characterized by stable yields and ripening at the same time from mid-September. This is one of the large varieties of autumn pears, with the following description:
- the tree is compact, medium-sized, with a dense pyramidal crown;
- fruits weighing 250-400 g, elongated, regular pear-shaped;
- the peel is thin, hard, golden yellow with a pronounced blush and brown spots;
- pulp of uniform consistency, creamy, juicy, elastic;
- the taste is sweet and sour, the concentration of dry substances is low.
Pears retain their marketable appearance after picking for up to two months.
Conference
Conference is an English autumn variety that has been grown in Russia for more than 50 years. It is classified as a fast-bearing plant; the pear blooms in the fourth year of the growing season. At the peak of active fruiting, up to 80 kg is harvested from an adult tree. The variety is tall, spreading, weakly branched. Pears begin to ripen unevenly from mid-September; the harvest is harvested in stages, the last one before frost. The fruits weigh 150-170 g, length – 12 cm. The shape is elongated, the stalk is short and thick. The peel is dense, smooth, green with rusty areas. The pulp is oily, juicy, white. The taste is balanced, with tart notes.
The fruits of the variety are well fixed on the branches and do not fall off even after frosts.
Cheremshina
By the age of 10, the Cheremshina autumn pear reaches its final height of 4.5-5 m. It begins to bear fruit from the sixth year. The crown is narrow, pyramidal, dense. The fruits reach technical ripeness in October; after picking, ripening is necessary within 3-4 weeks. Medium weight pears – 150-200 g, juicy, aromatic, sweet and sour, without granules in the pulp. The peel is medium thick, yellow-green, with a predominant brown (“rusty”) coating. The shape of the fruit is in the form of a drop with a thick short stalk.
Keeping quality of pears is 4-4.5 months
November
The Noyabrskaya variety belongs to the late autumn group of pears and begins to ripen at the end of the first autumn month.Harvest at the stage of technical ripeness, reaching consumer ripeness in early November. The crown is loose, narrow-pyramidal, and medium-height. The fruits are small but numerous, weighing 65-70 g. Productivity - 40 kg per tree. Pears are sweet and sour, with granulated pulp, with a predominance of dry matter. The shape is pear-shaped, the surface is lumpy, green-yellow, monochromatic with brown inclusions.
Retains taste until the end of December
Williams (Williams)
Williams is a sweet autumn pear variety with the following description:
- a vigorous tree with a spreading, round, dense crown;
- not self-fertile, requires pollinating neighbors with a simultaneous flowering period;
- Reproductive age reaches 8 years;
- frost resistance is low, an autumn variety for the southern regions;
- yield 50-60 kg regardless of weather conditions;
- scab resistance is low;
- fruits in the form of a drop, weighing 200-250 g, with a yellow, slightly bumpy surface;
- The pulp is homogeneous, creamy, juicy, with a pronounced aroma.
The pears will ripen at the same time in mid-October.
Shelf life: no more than two months
Nikolai Kruger
The Romanian autumn pear variety Nikolai Kruger is ideal for growing in the Middle and Central zone. Popular not only among gardeners, but also among farmers. The tree is medium-sized, sparsely leafed, rounded-pyramidal in shape. The variety is grafted onto a quince rootstock, the first flowering after four years of growth. Pears are large, weighing up to 350 g. Juicy with buttery creamy flesh, sweet and sour, rounded and elongated, with a pronounced pink pigment.
Tasting score 4.9 on a 5-point scale
Marble
The early autumn Marble pear fully ripens at the end of September. The crown is wide-pyramidal, sparse, and medium-sized.A dessert variety, widely distributed in the Central regions, often found in gardens in the Moscow region. Fruits weigh 170-200 g, round-conical. The peel is hard, smooth, yellow-green with a pink blush. The pulp is coarse-grained, juicy, creamy. The taste is sweet with a slight presence of acid, tasting score 4.7 points. The variety is transportable.
Retains nutritional value for two months if storage conditions are met.
In memory of Yakovlev
A frost-resistant autumn variety with a round, thin crown, up to 5 m high, ripens in September-October. The fruits do not fall off and are firmly held on a long, curved stalk. Pears of different weights from 110 to 170 g, ripen at different times. The shape is broadly pear-shaped, the peel is glossy, light yellow, with a pronounced blush. The pulp is oily with fine granulation near the core, juicy, sweet, aromatic, creamy in color. The variety is self-pollinating, with stable fruiting. It blooms in the third year after planting.
Productivity from an adult tree – 35-40 kg
Veles
Medium-sized spreading tree with dense foliage, ring-type fruiting. Precocity is low, the first fruits are formed only in the seventh year of growth, and then in nursery conditions. It blooms on a personal plot in the ninth year, reaches peak fruiting at 12 years and produces a stable harvest over the next 30-35 years. The pear periodically needs pruning, and at the beginning of growth, the formation of a crown. The fruits weigh 150-170 g, wide pear-shaped, regular symmetrical shape with a smooth glossy surface. The skin is thin, elastic, yellow-green with a pale pink pigment. The pulp is creamy, semi-oily, juicy, loose, sweet and sour.
Harvest in two stages: at the beginning and end of October
Muscovite
Muscovite pear with a dense conical crown, early fruiting, with low drought resistance. Zoned in the Kirov region. Standard autumn variety with average yield. Fruits weighing up to 130 g are drop-shaped, with a smooth light yellow surface and a scattered red blush. The pulp is aromatic, juicy, sweet and sour, creamy. The structure is coarse-grained, tasting score 4 points. Ripens in October, in cold regions it is harvested at the stage of technical ripeness.
Shelf life within 30 days
Moscow autumn
Moscow autumn is a hybrid of Russian selection. The pear is early-fruiting, self-pollinating, productive, fruiting is stable, the fruits form over the years of the same weight (140 g) and do not become smaller. The tree is medium-sized with a spreading pyramidal crown, the foliage is weak. One of the popular autumn varieties of sweet pear, it belongs to the dessert group. The fruits are regular pear-shaped, smooth with a glossy surface. If there is a lack of moisture, they are prone to shedding. The peel is thin, hard, green with pink pigmentation. The pulp is juicy with a minimum amount of acids, dense, aromatic, without granulation. The collection begins in early September and ends in early October.
The shelf life is short, the presentation remains no more than three weeks
Autumn Dream
Autumn dream - a pear with a narrow pyramidal, loose crown, weak foliage. Not self-fertile, requires pollinating varieties. With a high frost resistance, undemanding to watering. The variety ripens unevenly in the middle of autumn; the harvest is harvested before November 20. It matures well in artificial conditions. Keeping quality is high - up to 3.5 months.Pears tolerate transportation well, are suitable for mechanized harvesting, and are grown on an industrial scale. Fruits weighing 65-75 g, ovoid, often with a bumpy surface. The peel is thick, green-yellow with pink pigmentation. The pulp is fine-grained, juicy, aromatic.
The taste of pears is sweet and sour; due to ultraviolet deficiency, the sugar content is low
Lyubava
Lyubava is the most common autumn pear variety with large fruits; single specimens can grow weighing up to 450 g, the average weight is 200-250 g; small fruits are not formed on the tree. The pear blooms in the fifth year after being placed in the ground. The seedlings are characterized by high survival rate and stress resistance. Fruiting is of mixed type; to increase productivity, nearby pollinators with simultaneous flowering are desirable.
The pears are drop-shaped, regular in shape, attached to short thick petioles. At the stage of biological ripeness, they are light yellow, with an unexpressed pink blush. The pulp is juicy, fine-grained, beige in color. The taste of the dessert variety is sweet, with slight acidity. Collection time is September-October.
Shelf life of autumn Lyubava is 2-2.5 months
Azure
Azure is one of the old autumn varieties of the Crimean selection. Pears have been grown since 1983. A medium-sized tree with a round, spreading, sparse crown. Mixed type of fruiting, the yield is much higher in the presence of neighboring pollinators. It blooms in the sixth year of the growing season; it is considered mature after 12 years. An autumn variety suitable for growing in warm climates.
The pears are large, leveled, weighing 230-250 g, ripen at different times, harvest time is October-November. The fruits are short pear-shaped, slightly ribbed. The surface is yellow, with pink pigment at the stalk and pronounced brown dots.The pulp is sweet and sour, oily, dense, juicy, aromatic, creamy.
The shelf life of the crop is within three months.
Precocious
Skoroplodnaya is a relatively young autumn table variety of domestic selection. Tall tree with a wide pyramidal sparse crown, self-fertile. The first ovaries form in the fourth year of growth. The yield is stable - 40-50 kg per tree.
The fruits are round, weighing 120-140 g, yellow-green with pronounced subcortical inclusions. The pulp is fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour, the color is closer to beige. They are grown in the temperate climate zone both on plots and in farmers' fields.
The ripening period of the Skoroplodnaya variety is September-October, shelf life is about four months
Conclusion
Autumn varieties of pears with a photo and name, characteristics, description of the fruit and ripening period will help you choose the desired seedling for the garden. Fruits of all varieties are characterized by high nutritional value; they are consumed fresh or processed for storage for the winter. Late pears are stored for a long time and easily tolerate transportation over long distances.
