Content
The Ural region is characterized by difficult weather conditions: cold winters, high snow cover, and a long winter period. Therefore, unpretentious and winter-hardy varieties of roses are chosen for cultivation in the Urals. Although such varieties are adapted to any climate change, they require some care. It is especially important to properly prepare roses for winter to ensure they bloom in the spring.
The preparation procedure depends on the age of the plants. It is recommended to plant seedlings in the fall, while adult flowers will require more careful processing. Roses must be pruned, fed and treated against diseases and pests. Be sure to prepare a design for shelters plants.
Preparation of seedlings
In the climatic conditions of the Urals, you can plant roses in the fall. For planting work, the time is selected when the air temperature reaches +4°C. If the temperature drops below the required levels, it is better to postpone work until spring.
One option is to bury the roses in the greenhouse if the soil in it has not yet frozen. The plastic wrap must be removed, the roots straightened and, if necessary, trimmed. It is enough to dig the branches to 2/3 of the length.The soil around the plants is compacted.
Choosing a landing site
When choosing a site for planting roses in the fall, certain rules are followed:
- the site should be located on a hill, which reduces the likelihood of soil freezing;
- a flower bed with roses is located on the south side of the garden;
- provides natural shade in the form of shrubs, which will protect plants in the sun;
- the chosen location must have protection from the wind;
- The groundwater level should be 1 m.
Rose prefers neutral and fertile soils. In order for the seedlings to survive the winter, manure is placed at the bottom of the hole before planting. This will keep the roots warm in the cold.
The soil for these plants is prepared from the following components:
- one part each of sand and clay;
- ½ part ash;
- 3 parts humus;
- 2 parts peat.
Seedlings require 4 weeks to take root. The use of a solution of growth stimulants will help speed up this process. You need to lower the plant into it for a day before planting.
Planting roses in winter
A hole 0.5 m deep is first dug. Horse manure is placed at the bottom, then prepared soil is laid.
In sandy soil, 5 cm of clay is placed at the bottom of the rose hole. If the soil is clayey, an additional layer of sand will be required.
The roots of the seedling need to be directed from top to bottom. Therefore, we pour a small mound of earth on which we then plant a seedling. The roots of the rose should go down the created mound.
The soil is poured in such a way that the deepening of the root collar is 5 cm.Then you need to compact the soil and water the plantings. Each bush requires 20 liters of water.
The planted bush is hilled to a height of 10 cm. The seedlings are covered in the same way as adult plants.
Preparing adult flowers
Preparing roses for winter in the Urals includes several stages. This involves trimming the plants, which are then placed on the ground. To prevent diseases and the spread of pests, plants are sprayed.
Basic Rules
Following a number of simple rules will help preserve roses throughout the winter:
- It is not recommended to start sheltering ahead of schedule;
- cooling down to -5°C increases plant endurance;
- at the end of summer, nitrogen fertilizers are not used to accelerate the development of shoots;
- in August, potassium and phosphorus preparations are introduced;
- intensive pruning also stimulates plant growth;
- By autumn, watering the flower garden is reduced.
Work order
From mid-August, watering roses stops. Fading and fresh flowers are left so as not to stimulate the development of new shoots. You can remove the lower leaves, which should be burned. This is done to protect plants from fungal diseases.
The bushes are hilled to a height of 15 cm, and the soil is mulched with dry humus, pine sawdust, a mixture of peat and sand, and small shavings. This procedure will protect the plant roots from moisture.
Roses must be pruned before cold weather sets in. The exception is climbing and standard varieties, which are removed from the supports and placed on the ground. It is recommended to attach their shoots to the ground with pins.
Roses are pruned so that the height of the bush does not exceed 0.5 m.In Ural conditions, this stage is recommended to be carried out in October, when the constant temperature is below -5°C.
Pruning work is carried out on a dry and sunny day. Be sure to remove:
- shoots older than 3 years;
- young branches (have a white color);
- dried leaves and buds;
- shoots growing inside the bush.
When the cold snap becomes constant, they move directly to shelter.
Plant nutrition
For lush flowering, roses require fertilizing. Fertilizer is applied in the fall; the procedure is carried out in two stages:
- At the end of August (or early September), when the flowering period ends.
- At the end of September (early October).
The first feeding should not contain nitrogen or organic fertilizers, as they stimulate the active development of plants. It is best to choose a fertilizer containing potassium, which improves the metabolism and immunity of roses. It is also necessary to feed the plants with phosphorus to accelerate the ripening of wood.
To feed plants, use a mixture of fertilizers per 10 liters of water:
- superphosphate – 15 g;
- monopotassium phosphate – 16 g.
The second treatment is carried out using compost and wood ash. The fertilizer is not incorporated into the soil, but rather poured onto the ground, which serves as additional protection from frost.
Treatment against diseases and pests
An important step in preparing roses for winter is treating them against diseases. Pathogens can remain on plant debris for a long time. Therefore, one of the preventive measures is cleaning and burning fallen leaves. If you do not remove the leaves from the rose, the harmful microorganisms will overwinter and become active in the spring.
In autumn, roses are treated with iron sulfate.This is a crystalline substance that has the appearance of a powder with a bluish or greenish tint. The drug is stored in a dry place and in a closed container.
Ferrous sulfate contains iron and sulfur, which help enrich the soil and replenish the lack of these substances. The drug does not penetrate into plants, is safe for humans and is washed off from rose leaves with water.
Treatment is carried out by spraying roses. To do this, prepare a solution containing 30 g of iron sulfate. First, the substance is diluted with a small amount of water, then another 5 liters of water are added to it.
Choosing a shelter method
The best way to protect roses from winter cold is to build a frame and use non-woven material. This option is suitable for covering seedlings and adult plants. First, a frame is erected on which the covering material is placed.
Previously, roses were covered with spruce branches, but it does not retain heat, but allows snow to be retained in winter. You can use spruce branches to scare away mice that can gnaw the bark on plant trunks.
Wooden frames
Roses survive winter best in an air-dry shelter. It can be prepared from available building materials: boards, film, roofing felt. Modern garden materials are more practical, allow the structure to allow air to pass through and serve as reliable protection for plants from the cold.
First, a wooden frame of rectangular or triangular shape is erected. Such structures are convenient to use in the Urals, where a large amount of snow falls during the winter.The rectangular frame can take the form of a lattice, under which additional supports are installed.
Film, oilcloth, carpet, linoleum, roofing felt and other available means are not used to cover roses.
Covering materials are sold folded in two layers, so the total coating thickness will be 120 microns. For roses, white fabric is used. Black material creates increased humidity and temperature. The frame is covered with material and the edges are secured with bricks or stones.
Metal arcs
If roses are planted in rows, then it is more convenient to use metal arches to cover them. They are installed every 40 cm. Up to 10 cm of free space is left above the plants.
Arcs are chosen from 1 to 2 m in length. Preference should be given to more durable materials that can withstand snow loads.
Then the resulting structure is covered with a special material. When calculating the length of the canvas, a reserve of about 50 cm is made on each side. The ends of the material are secured with pins or heavy objects.
Conclusion
When preparing roses for winter in the Ural region, the age of the plants is taken into account. Seedlings must be planted before the soil freezes. Mature bushes are trimmed and laid on the ground. A frame must be built, which is covered with a special material. Fertilizing with potassium and phosphorus fertilizers will help increase the endurance of plants.
