Content
- 1 What does a technical grape variety mean?
- 2 What is the difference between industrial grapes and table grapes?
- 3 Technical varieties of white grapes
- 4 Technical varieties of red (pink) grapes
- 5 Varieties of technical black grapes
- 6 Early technical grape varieties
- 7 Technical frost-resistant grape varieties
- 8 New technical grape varieties
- 9 Conclusion
Industrial grape varieties are in less demand than table grapes. However, they are also represented by numerous varieties that deserve detailed consideration.
What does a technical grape variety mean?
Technical varieties are those intended for processing. The fruits are rarely consumed fresh, but raisins, compotes, juices, wines, vinegars and marinades are prepared from them.
The main feature of technical varieties is the juice content in the berries at the level of 75-85% and the looseness of the clusters.Grapes can be both sugary and slightly sour - in the first case, they are used to create juices and compotes, in the second, they are often used to make wine or cognac.
What is the difference between industrial grapes and table grapes?
The difference between table grapes and technical grapes lies primarily in the appearance and structure of the berries. Dessert varieties are characterized by:
- large fruits;
- large or medium-sized clusters;
- dense and crispy pulp;
- external attractiveness of fruits;
- low seed content.
Technical grapes intended for processing most often have small fruits and clusters. There are a lot of seeds in such berries. The pulp is usually soft, without crunchiness, but with increased juiciness.
Technical varieties of white grapes
Technical light grapes are used to make white wines, juice and yellow raisins. Several varieties are especially popular.
Aligote
The Western European technical variety of folk selection ripens in the second half of September. Bears medium-sized clusters of tightly packed yellowish-green berries. The fruits are juicy and delicately flavored, with a tough skin, sometimes covered with brownish sun spots.
Aligote is characterized by good quality berries and consistently high yields. The disadvantage is low frost resistance and the tendency of ripe fruits to fall off.
Aligote requires regular preventive treatments against fungi and pests
Crystal
The shrub produces yellow-green fruits collected in cylindrical-conical loose clusters and ripens by mid-August. It has a harmonious taste and high juiciness, demonstrates frost resistance and good immunity to pests and fungi.
The disadvantages of the Crystal variety include shedding of the ovary in the absence of formation. In addition, excessive accumulation of sugar in the fruit reduces the level of acidity - the grapes become less suitable for making wine. Therefore, the plant must be carefully looked after and harvested immediately after it ripens.
Annual shoots of technical grapes Crystal demonstrate ripening up to 100%
Muscat Odessa
In the list of technical grape varieties, it is necessary to mention a hybrid with conical or cylindrical clusters. The shrub produces round greenish or yellowish berries with sweet, slimy pulp. Ripens on average towards the end of September. It does not suffer from frost, but the variety needs to be grown in the south. In temperate climates, the harvest will not have time to fully ripen until autumn.
Muscat Odessa often suffers from pests and fungi and does not tolerate waterlogged soils.
Platovsky
The shrub bears fruit with small, round, white berries that turn pink in the sun. It is distinguished by good ripening of the vine and immunity to major ailments, and calmly tolerates cold snaps. It has high juiciness, the taste is harmonious and sweet, almost without sourness.
Platovsky grape berries do not fall off after ripening for up to 30 days
Chardonnay
The famous technical variety produces loose clusters with light green berries covered with a waxy coating. The fruits are round, slightly elongated, with a few brownish spots on the skin. Unlike many other varieties, Chardonnay grows well in cool climates.
Chardonnay is prone to cracking and requires timely harvesting
Technical varieties of red (pink) grapes
Technical pink grapes are used to make red wines, juices and other drinks. Among the popular varieties there are many muscats, which have a particularly rich taste and aroma.
Diana
American red grapes with good ripening rates produce dark pink, round, small berries. The flesh is slimy and slightly sour, crisp, with a medium-thick skin. The technical variety ripens in September, has good keeping quality and is suitable for long-term transportation.
Diana grapes can withstand winter frosts down to -30 °C
Lydia
In the review of technical grape varieties, Lydia deserves mention - a species with dark red berries with a lilac waxy coating. It has an unusual strawberry flavor and aroma. It bears branched and loose conical clusters at the end of September and is highly resistant to waterlogged soil and major fungal diseases. The disadvantages of the variety include the need for constant pinching - the bush overgrows very quickly. It is recommended to harvest immediately when the berries reach ripeness, since they do not stay on the shoots for long.
The technical grape variety Lydia is suitable for cultivation in the northern regions
Gurzuf pink
Vigorous technical grapes with cylindrical or conical clusters have a pronounced muscat aroma. The berries are small, round in shape, with dark red dense skin. Ripens early in early August, suitable for areas with short and sunny summers.
Gurzuf pink often suffers from wasps and other insects
Pink nutmeg
Photos and descriptions of the technical grape variety indicate that Pink Muscat bears dark red round berries that darken as they ripen. Characterized by high juiciness and tart taste and aroma, it reaches ripeness in early September.
Pink nutmeg has a stable yield and tolerates droughts easily. Disadvantages include demanding soil quality and low frost resistance.
Pink Muscat is a high sugar variety and is used in the production of sweet wines and liqueurs.
Gift of Magarach
The technical wine grape variety Podarok Magarach with medium-sized clusters produces light pink berries with a white waxy coating. The skin of the fruit is thin and elastic, the pulp is mucous in structure, with a pleasant taste and without a specific odor. The harvest can be harvested from the shoots at the end of August.
Magaracha's gift bears fruit abundantly and regularly, and is rarely affected by fungi. It does not suffer from frost, but in clay soil due to waterlogging it can rot.
The technical variety Gift of Magarach requires rationing of the ovary, since the brushes often overload the vine
Varieties of technical black grapes
Black technical grapes are characterized by increased sweetness.The varieties are used in the creation of red wines and strong alcoholic drinks, and are also dried to obtain healthy and tasty raisins.
Isabella
One of the oldest dark varieties of technical grapes, widely distributed throughout the world. The bushes are vigorous, with cylindrical clusters of medium looseness, consisting of round black berries. The skin is dense and thick, the flesh is dark red, with a strawberry smell. It ripens late at the beginning of October, which is why the variety is grown in the south.
Isabella tolerates high humidity well, but is sensitive to drought
Augusta
The southern variety with dark blue small fruits has a nutmeg flavor and a light pleasant aroma. Valued for its high immunity and frost resistance down to -25 ° C, it ripens in medium terms. It requires high-quality care because it reacts poorly to excess or lack of moisture. It often produces side shoots that overload the bush and require pruning.
Augusta grapes can be harvested in late August or early September
Alpha
The vigorous variety has high cold resistance and is suitable for breeding in the northern regions and Primorye. Used to create drinks and for landscaping, it bears fruit with red-brown or purple berries collected in cylindrical clusters. The taste is sour, so the variety is used mainly for the production of dry wine.
The Alpha variety can be harvested from mid-September
Muscat Hamburg
One of the best technical grape varieties for winemaking is distinguished by large or medium conical clusters consisting of large round berries of a dark purple color.The skin is dense, covered with a rich coating, the flesh is juicy and fleshy.
The variety produces large yields and is characterized by high sugar content. It does not tolerate frost well, so it is not suitable for northern regions.
Hamburg Muscat reaches ripeness by the end of September
Regent
Technical grapes of German origin belong to medium-growing varieties with insignificant stepson formation. Produces conical clusters of moderate density with round black berries; herbal notes are discernible in the taste of the juicy pulp. With prolonged ripening, the bushes gain excess sugar content, due to which the acidity weakens, so it is not recommended to delay harvesting the fruits.
Regent grapes are harvested in the second half of September
Early technical grape varieties
In Russia, early technical varieties are in special demand. They ripen well even in temperate climates and allow you to harvest in late summer or early autumn.
Delight
The technical grape variety of early ripening has good immunity to diseases and pests. It is characterized by high yield and large clusters of juicy berries. The fruits are white with a yellowish tint, the sugar content of the pulp is relatively low - at 15%. The variety tolerates frost well.
The ripening of technical grapes Vostorg takes about 115 days
Feteasca alba
An early Hungarian variety produces small, round, white berries with a light golden tan and a bluish tinge on the sides facing the sun. The clusters are small, up to 130 g in weight, the fruit pulp is harmonious in taste and combines sweetness with light sourness.
Feteasca ripens in the first half of September
Bianca
An ultra-early technical grape variety with yellow-green rounded fruits ripens in early August. Immediately after ripening, the berries are sour, but if you leave them on the shoots, they will gain sugar content over time. The Bianca variety is very cold-resistant, does not suffer from common fungi, but requires regular rationing of the ovaries.
The technical grape Bianca is often damaged by wasps and birds
Technical frost-resistant grape varieties
For cultivation in the middle zone, it is necessary to consider primarily cold-resistant varieties. Such grapes will be able to withstand frosty winters with minimal shelter and will not freeze at temperatures below -20 ° C.
Rkatsiteli
A Georgian variety of technical grapes with a sugar content of up to 23% is suitable for making dessert wines and champagne. It takes root well on poor soils, is tolerant of cold and drought, and bears fruit in elongated cylindrical clusters. The berries are greenish-white and can acquire a beautiful purple blush when grown in the sun.
Rkatsiteli has a sweet taste with tart notes
Amethyst
The winter-hardy technical grape variety tolerates cold temperatures down to -34 °C and can grow even in Siberia. It is distinguished by powerful vines that can withstand bunches weighing up to 800 g. The berries of the variety are juicy, dark blue in color, with a sweet taste.
Amethyst grapes are resistant to gray rot and mildew
Valiant
The technical variety with small blue berries bears clusters of medium size. The fruits have a strawberry flavor and medium sugar content. The degree of frost resistance is very high - up to -45 ° C.
Valiant is used to make wine and jelly.
New technical grape varieties
Breeders pay attention not only to table varieties, but also to technical varieties. From time to time new varieties appear with good yields.
Agapi
A technical grape variety for hot climates with white, yellowish or light pink berries produces clusters of up to 300 g, conical in shape. It has a high sugar content, is productive and winter-hardy, and rarely suffers from fungal diseases.
Agapi ripening takes an average of 155 days
Aretula
Greek grapes of late ripening bear greenish-yellow oval berries with a thick bluish coating. The fruits are medium in weight up to 2.5 g, with dense, durable skin, very sweet.
Fruitful vines of the Aretula variety occupy 90% of the total volume
Artemis
A young variety with shoots up to 2 m ripens in an average of 150 days. The clusters are medium, up to 200 g, the berries are spherical yellow-green, with a waxy coating, up to 1.6 g by weight. The pulp is sweet and with a lot of juice. The grapes calmly respond to short droughts and do not freeze in winter, but it is better to grow them in the south, where there is no shortage of heat and sun.
Artemis grapes are used in the production of dry and sweet white wines
Conclusion
Technical grape varieties are represented by a wide variety. The characteristics of the berries intended for processing are not inferior to table berries, but they are small in size and have a large number of seeds.
