Content
Processing of grapes in spring should be carried out at the end of March, before the buds swell. Then the bushes must be sprayed twice before flowering with an interval of 10-15 days. This allows you to reliably protect the crop from fungal infections, insects and other dangerous pests.
Why do you need spring treatment of grapes from diseases and pests?
The main task of spraying grapes in the spring is to protect against pests and diseases. The procedure is carried out every year in March and April. All plants, including healthy ones, are subject to treatment. Folk remedies, biological and even chemical preparations will not harm grape bushes, but they will definitely protect them from infectious diseases, for example, anthracnose, mildew, white and gray rot, oidium and others.
Preventative treatment is also carried out in the spring to protect against common pests.The danger to culture is:
- grape, spider, felt mites;
- cluster leaf roller;
- aphids and others.
Spring spraying of grapes is planned at the beginning of the season - until the leaves bloom. It is advisable that the air temperature does not exceed 8 degrees Celsius, and the weather is calm and cloudy. The fact is that spores, larvae and other grape pests in such conditions are still in a state of suspended animation (hibernation), so they can be destroyed almost completely.
With the onset of warm days, the movement of juice in the tissues of grapes, like other plants, is activated. This also leads to the awakening of various insects. If treatment and sanitary pruning are not carried out in early spring, this can lead to infection of almost the entire vineyard.
Scheme for spraying grapes in spring against diseases
The scheme for processing grapes in spring includes several main stages. The first disinfection is carried out immediately after removing the protective agrofibre, burlap or other material. Then the procedure is scheduled for the beginning of April, when the buds are already beginning to swell - the plant “wakes up”, and pests become active along with it. Then several more treatments are planned - at the stage of leaf blossoming and at the stage of inflorescence formation.
The first treatments begin after sanitary pruning in early April.
During kidney swelling
The earliest spraying of grapes in the spring is planned immediately after removing the protective cover, even before the buds swell. As a rule, this is the first ten days of April. Although in the southern regions (Krasnodar Territory, North Caucasus and others) grape processing is possible at the end of March - you need to focus on weather conditions.
For spraying, use a solution of a fungicide, insecticide or folk remedy. You need to do this:
- Remove cover.
- Raise the grape bushes onto a support.
- Carry out sanitary pruning.
- Clean the tree trunk circles.
- Spray the solution onto the stems.
During the period of leaf formation
If you spray grapes for the first time in the spring, you need to do so before the buds open. The second treatment in the spring is planned in about two weeks, i.e. on April 10-20. At this point, warm days are established steadily, and pests are definitely activated. They begin to feed on the juices of the plant, spoiling the leaf buds, young vines and rhizomes.
Therefore, it is imperative to thoroughly spray the bush, especially young growth. For this purpose, solutions of insecticides, as well as folk remedies, are used.
When inflorescences form
During the formation of inflorescences (late April), treatment is carried out with a mixture of fungicides and insecticides. To do this, use tank mixtures, when compiling which you need to focus on the instructions for the drugs and other documents from the manufacturer.
How to spray grapes in spring against diseases and pests
Various means are used to spray grape bushes in the spring. Chemicals are most effective, although they can be toxic to beneficial microorganisms (soil bacteria) and insects.Therefore, many gardeners prefer to use biological preparations and folk remedies.
If complex treatment is necessary, mixtures of several drugs are prepared
Biological agents
Biological products contain strains of microorganisms that destroy pests. Their main advantage is non-toxicity. Such preparations are safe for grapes and other plants, as well as for humans, animals and beneficial insects, including bees.
The most effective biological fungicides include:
- "Fitosporin";
- “Respect 25%”;
- "Strekar";
- "Fitolavin, VRK";
- "Abacus Ultra, SE."
Popular biological insecticides:
- "Bitoxibacillin";
- "Vertimek";
- "Fitoverm";
- "Letto";
- "Biodischarge".
Chemicals
Chemical preparations completely destroy pests - often the result is noticeable after the first spraying in spring or early summer. They contain artificial (synthesized) substances that do their job well, but at the same time can be toxic to bees, soil bacteria and even humans. Therefore, before use, you need to carefully read the instructions, and if necessary, use a mask, gloves and other personal protective equipment.
Most often, the following preparations are used to spray bushes:
- Copper sulfate (copper sulfate) is one of the most effective fungicides. To prepare the solution, take 300 g of quicklime and dissolve it in 1-2 liters of hot water. After the hissing stops, add 300 g of vitriol powder, mix and bring to a total volume of 10 liters.Before carrying out the procedure, you need to immerse the metal rod in the solution - if the color of the liquid has not changed, you can begin processing the grapes in the spring. When carrying out subsequent sprayings of vitriol and quicklime, take three times less - i.e. 100 g per 10 l.
- Iron sulfate (iron sulfate) is another powerful remedy for treating pathologies such as anthracnose, necrosis, downy mildew and others in the spring. Prepare at the rate of 500 g of powder per 10 liters of water.
- Bordeaux mixture helps cope with rot, anthracnose, and mildew. For spraying in early spring, prepare a solution with a concentration of 3%. Then the dosage is reduced to 0.5%.
- Urea is an organic fertilizer containing up to 50% nitrogen. It is used as a means of prevention and feeding of grapes in the spring. It protects bushes well from caterpillars, scabs, copperheads and other pests. The working solution must be sufficiently concentrated - 500 g per 10 l.
- "Ridomil" is a relatively safe fungicide, used for spraying in the spring (1% concentration solution).
- Colloidal sulfur is effective for protection against anthracnose, oidium and sucking insects. Standard dosage is 100 g per 10 l.
Folk remedies
Folk remedies are less effective compared to biological and chemical ones. But they are also used to process grapes in the spring, especially for prevention purposes or in the early stages of infection.
In reviews, gardeners recommend the following recipes:
- Ingredients for downy mildew: pick and dry horsetail, prepare a decoction and add 75 g of chopped garlic cloves (per 10 l).Leave for several hours.
- For powdery mildew (oidium): baking soda (40 g), laundry soap shavings (3 tablespoons) per 10 liters. Another option is 5 g of potassium permanganate or 1 liter of milk for the same amount of water.
- An insecticide that helps control grape mites: 2 kg of potato stems per 10 liters of boiling water. Let it brew for several hours, then add 50 g of chopped garlic cloves.
- Universal fungicide - onion peel (half a bucket) is filled with water and boiled for 20 minutes, then left for 24 hours. Then add 30 g of honey (liquid) and filter.
Tank mixtures
Tank mixtures include fungicides, insecticides, and fertilizers. When compiling them, several important points should be taken into account:
- Bordeaux mixture is never included in the mixture - it is used only separately.
- If you include growth stimulants, then in limited quantities.
- Pesticides do not combine well with fertilizers containing microelements such as boron, iron, zinc and magnesium.
- The mixture does not include magnesium with calcium and iron.
- Substances that create an alkaline environment do not combine with phosphorus compounds.
To process grapes in the spring, you can use the following tank mixtures:
- “Fufanon”, “HOM” - spraying at the stage of bud swelling.
- “Topaz”, “Albit”, “Ridomil Gold” - effective prevention of all known fungal diseases of shrubs.
- "Bankol", "Ridomil Gold" - against major pests.
- “Topaz”, “Zircon”, “Aktara” - a mixture for the prevention of diseases, pests and stimulation of growth processes.
- “Akarin”, “Aktara”, “Fitoverm”, potassium humate - to protect bushes from diseases, pests, and also to strengthen the immune system.
When preparing tank mixtures, you need to take into account the compatibility of all components
How to properly spray grapes in early spring
Processing grapes is quite simple, but there are also some nuances here. Sometimes improper disinfection not only does not protect bushes from pests, but, on the contrary, contributes to their spread. To prevent this from happening, experienced gardeners recommend taking into account several practical tips:
- It is very important to comply with spraying times. You should pay attention to the recommendations described above and to the instructions for the drugs.
- Mostly, processing is planned for the evening. This choice is not accidental. Most drugs are effective in the evening.
- It is equally important to choose the weather. It should be calm and not rainy. Otherwise, gusts of wind or precipitation will quickly remove the remaining solution, they will fall into the soil, and the grape bushes themselves will remain unprotected.
- Do not think that the more you pour the drug, the more effective it will work. In fact, the dosage must be observed very carefully, otherwise the grapes, the soil under them and neighboring plants will suffer.
- If the cases are advanced or the bushes are heavily infected, you need to draw up an individual treatment schedule in the spring and early summer. Then spraying is carried out every 10 days, and when using folk remedies - after five days.
Conclusion
Processing grapes in the spring helps protect the bush from pests and diseases. Preventing the development of infections and the appearance of insects is always easier than fighting them.Therefore, treatment must be performed every spring, and not just once, but at least three times per season.
