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You can plant cherries correctly in spring in Siberia by wisely choosing a zoned variety. Trees take root during the warm season. Many varieties of average winter hardiness require shelter in the fall.
Shrub steppe cherries are convenient for growing in Siberia
Features of planting cherries in Siberia
When growing cherries in Siberia, you need to know a few secrets:
- purchase and plant only zoned varieties bred by breeders for Siberia, which are characterized by early ripening, high winter hardiness, and productivity;
- since most cherries are self-sterile, 3-4 varieties are planted at once;
- The tree is properly prepared for wintering, all necessary fertilizers are applied, and watering is carried out.
How to choose a cherry variety for planting in Siberia
Siberian gardeners grow all popular types of cherries:
- steppe;
- ordinary;
- felt;
- sandy.
Steppe varieties
The most winter-hardy, up to -50 °C, and drought-resistant cherries, growing in the form of a bush, low-growing, 40-150 cm. The main feature is their undemandingness to soils. Varietal representatives of the steppe species are distinguished by early fruiting, but the berries are small, 1-3 g, sweet and sour. The bushes bear fruit on annual shoots, produce strong root shoots, and are prone to damping off.
Altai early
Cherries, valuable for their resistance to drought and heat, ripen the berries in early July. It is characterized by average winter hardiness and quickly recovers after freezing.
Altai early requires nearby planting of pollinators
Desired
Partially self-fertile, with sweet fruits. The berries are harvested in the third decade of July.
Harvest cherry Desired, medium-winter hardy
Common varieties
Representatives of the common species are tall: among the varieties bred for planting in Siberia, trees reach 1.5-3 m. Many hybrids are partially self-fertile. If there are other varieties nearby, the yield increases significantly. The dark red berries are fleshy, sweet and sour, suitable for fresh consumption, weighing 4-5 g.
Kasmalinka
Frost-resistant and drought-resistant variety with a low shrub crown - up to 1.6 m. It is considered self-fertile, but in the presence of Ob and Altai swallow pollinators, the harvest is richer. Sweet and sour berries with a spicy aftertaste.
Kasmalinka fruits ripen by the end of July and remain on the stalks until autumn
Ural Ruby
Low shrub crown with abundant fruiting - 6-10 kg. The ripening of sweet and sour, slightly tart berries in Siberia is closer to the third ten days of August. Winter hardiness up to – 35 °C.
The best pollinators of the Ural Rubinova are Shchedraya, Zvezdochka
Seedling Lyubskaya
The crown rises up to 2 m, bears fruit in July, harvest up to 5 kg. An early variety, partially self-fertile, suitable for various pollinators. Dessert berries, sweet and sour.
The Lyubskaya seedling is promising for planting in the Urals and Siberia
Felt varieties
It is grown in Siberia in the form of a tree up to 3 m or a shrub. Shoots, leaves, and sometimes berries are slightly pubescent. The leaves are wrinkled and small. The fruits, weighing 2-4 g, are freshly sweet, without astringency. Harvest 3-5 kg per bush. Felt cherries are winter-hardy, down to -30 °C, resistant to coccomycosis, but are affected by moniliosis. Often, planting of this species in Siberia is carried out specifically, placing the seedling at an angle and forming a bush, like a creeping plant.
Firework
Winter-hardy, up to -35 °C, 1.5 m high, with large, sweet and sour berries, weighing 3.5-4 g. When planted in Siberia, the crop ripens in July.
Salute was bred by breeders of the Far East
White
When planted well, the crown grows up to 1.6 m and requires a sunny place. Blooms in Siberia from early June.
The taste of White cherry berries is harmonious, sweet and sour
Sandy varieties
Cultivated forms with edible fruits, as opposed to wild ones, which are too tart, growing in North America. Like the felt species, trees:
- are not actually cherries, they stand closer to plums;
- do not cross with cherries;
- take root on the rootstocks of plums, apricots, and peaches;
- leaves are small, elongated.
The varieties bear the common name Bessey cherry, named after the scientist who bred trees with tasty berries.The fruits weigh 2-3 g, are sweetish, slightly tart, hang until autumn, and wither. The crop is unpretentious to growing conditions, drought-resistant, and tolerates frosts down to -50 °C.
Pyramidal
Bush up to 1.4 m tall, shoots extend from the root collar. The berries are greenish-yellow, sweet, with slight sourness and tartness.
Pyramidal needs a pollinator - any Bessey seedlings
Omsk night
Hybrid up to 1.2-1.4 m tall. Productive, over 10 kg per bush.
Omsk nochka fruits with dark skin, sweet, juicy, 12-15 g
How to grow cherries in Siberia
Having selected varieties that are resistant to the Siberian climate, they carry out proper planting and carefully care for the plants. It is important to comply with the conditions depending on the season.
How to plant cherries in Siberia in spring
In Siberia, it is preferable to plant the crop in the spring; over the summer, the plant takes root and enters wintering stronger. The culture requires neutral soil, preferably sandy loam and loose soil. Groundwater must lie deep. Dig a hole 60 cm wide and 50 cm deep.
Landing algorithm:
- 10-15 cm of drainage at the bottom;
- for the substrate, mix equal parts garden soil, sand, and humus;
- enrich with 1 liter of wood ash, 30 g of potassium chloride, 70 g of superphosphate;
- hammer in the support peg;
- install a seedling, sprinkle with soil;
- Having compacted the tree trunk circle, water with 10 liters of water;
- mulch with humus, rotted sawdust, compost.
How to plant cherries in summer in Siberia
For summer planting, seedlings with a closed root system are purchased. The plant will not suffer while taking root in a new place. The algorithm for planting crops in Siberia in summer is the same as for spring work. Humus is used as mulch.
How to plant cherries correctly in autumn in Siberia
Gardeners do not recommend planting crops in Siberia in the fall. It is possible to plant seedlings from containers in the first ten days of September. A plant with an open root system is simply buried in the fall. In the spring they are transplanted to a permanent place. For autumn digging, find a partially shaded area so that the snow does not melt longer.
Autumn pre-planting rules:
- depth and width of the pit 40 cm;
- one side is inclined, the rest are vertical;
- The seedling is placed on an inclined plane and not only the roots, but also a third of the trunk are sprinkled with soil, watered and mulched.
For the winter, they are covered with spruce branches and snow is placed on top.
Seedling care
Watering cherries in Siberia after planting is carried out rarely, but abundantly - until the soil is moistened to the depth of the root system, 40 cm, with 30-60 liters of water. Young seedlings are watered after 15-17 days with 10 liters. If the tree bears fruit, stop watering 2 weeks before fruiting. Otherwise the berries will crack.
Feed three times:
- in early spring with nitrogen fertilizers or organic matter;
- after flowering with phosphorus-potassium preparations;
- repeat in the ovary growth phase.
After fertilizing, water thoroughly.
Almost all cherries planted in Siberia bear fruit on annual shoots; pruning is done selectively. Remove damaged and diseased branches, thickening shoots and trunks older than 7 years. The growth is not shortened.
Cherries planted in Siberia are treated against diseases and pests in early spring with urea, copper sulfate or other fungicides for prevention. Insecticides are used against pests.
Planting crops in Siberia necessarily includes winter shelter in its care. Young bushes are protected with pine spruce branches, and snow is added to the trunk.
Advice from experienced gardeners
It is useful for beginning amateurs to take into account their accumulated experience:
- in the lowlands, trees are placed on mounds 40-60 cm high, which will reduce the risk of damping off;
- a peculiarity of planting cherries in Siberia is the obligatory purchase of not a 1-year-old, but a 2-3-year-old strong seedling;
- Nitrogen fertilizers are not placed in the planting hole.
Conclusion
Anyone can plant cherries correctly in spring in Siberia by studying the tips and choosing zoned varieties. The spring seedling takes root well and in 2-3 years will delight you with a harvest of berries.
