Content
Bystrinka cherry is the result of the work of breeders from the All-Russian Research Institute. To obtain the tree, the Zolushka and Zhukovskaya varieties were crossed. In 2004, it was entered into the State Register.
Description of Bystrinka cherry
Breeders developed the variety for cultivation in the central zone of Russia. It successfully grows and bears fruit in more southern regions. In areas with a cold northern climate, if certain conditions are provided, Bystrinka cherries also grow, but the harvest volume will be much lower than expected.
Height and dimensions of an adult tree
The Bystrinka cherry variety is classified as low-growing. According to the photo and description, it is capable of reaching up to 2-2.5 m in height. Its crown is quite dense, similar in shape to a ball, slightly raised.
The shoots are medium length, straight. Their color is brown and brown. Lentils are yellow in color and medium in size, in small quantities.The bud in the form of an oval is deviated from the shoot to the side.
The leaf blades of the Bystrinka cherry are oval-shaped with a pointed tip, green in color.
There is serration along the edges of the Bystrinka leaf, and it itself has a slightly wrinkled surface that curves downward
The petiole is thin, reaching 16 mm in length. The inflorescence consists of 4 flowers and appears at the end of May.
The corolla of each of them reaches a diameter of 21.5 mm and is saucer-shaped. The petals are white and touch each other. The anthers are located higher in relation to the stigma. Bystrinka's calyxes are presented in the form of bells with strong serrations.
The ovary and berries are formed on annual branches or bouquet shoots
Description of fruits
Bystrinka cherry has an oval shape, its weight varies from 3.4 to 4.2 g. The color of the berry is dark red. The flesh inside is the same shade, it is very juicy and elastic to the touch. Inside the berry there is dark red juice. A stone weighing up to 0.2 g, which is 5.5% of the mass of the cherry. It is yellow in color with a rounded top and, when pressed, easily separates from the pulp. The stalk is of medium thickness, reaching 26 mm in length.
According to the tasting assessment, the Bystrinka cherry variety was assigned 4.3 points. The pulp inside is tender, sweet, but with a slight sourness.
In fruits, 12.8% is dry matter, sugars account for up to 9.9%, and the percentage of acids is 1.3%
Pollinators of the Bystrinka cherry
According to the description and reviews of the Bystrinka cherry, the variety is self-fertile, so planting pollinators on the site is not required. But their absence negatively affects the yield and timing of fruit ripening.
The best option is to place the Turgenevskaya variety next door. It begins to bloom in mid-May and bear fruit in July.
Tree flowers do not tolerate spring frosts and temperature changes.
The Kharitonovskaya variety is also suitable as a pollinator. It is drought-resistant and has average frost resistance.
Flowers appear at the end of May, and the harvest can be harvested from mid-July
Main characteristics
Bystrinka cherry is a representative of mid-season varieties. It is unpretentious in care, but is highly productive.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
Bystrinka cherry has good resistance to lack of moisture and is easy to care for. The tree safely survives average frosts: up to – 35 °C. Flower buds are not afraid of lower temperatures.
Productivity
The variety has an early ripening period: the first flowers appear in mid-May, and the harvest can be harvested from the last week of July.
Despite the self-fertility, a high yield is ensured if pollinators are located near the Bystrinka cherry: up to 80 centners of berries are collected from one hectare.
The harvested crop can be consumed fresh, or it is used for compotes, jams or other preparations. Cherries that have been frozen retain their appearance and taste.
Drying the berries is also possible: the procedure avoids the loss of beneficial properties of the fruit
Advantages and disadvantages
Among the main advantages that are valuable among gardeners are the high yield and compactness of the tree.
Advantages of the variety:
- high taste characteristics;
- ease of care;
- precociousness;
- high transportability of the crop.
Among the disadvantages of Bystrinka cherries is their susceptibility to fungal diseases: coccomycosis and moniliosis.
Landing rules
Despite the unpretentiousness of the variety in care, the Bystrinka cherry bears fruit more abundantly if you initially choose the right place on the site and plant the seedling. The procedure should be carried out taking into account the composition of the soil in the garden and climatic conditions.
Recommended timing
In the southern regions, the optimal time for planting is autumn. In areas with a more northern climate, it is recommended to transfer seedlings to open ground in the spring. When choosing a planting date, you need to take into account that the tree needs time for its root system to strengthen and survive the winter safely.
Site selection and soil preparation
Bystrinka cherry is an unpretentious variety; it successfully bears fruit on loamy or sandy loam soils equipped with a drainage system. The acidity of the soil should be neutral. On oxidized soil, the tree grows poorly and often dies.
On the site you should allocate a place for a tree on the south side, protected from the wind. It should be located on a slight elevation: the required depth of groundwater flow is not lower than 2.5 m.
Before purchasing a seedling, it should be inspected: it should have a closed root system, there should be no cracks, growths or peeling on the trunk and branches.
A one-year-old seedling must have one central trunk with a diameter of at least 1.5 cm
How to plant correctly
The procedure should begin with preparing the pit. It should be 60 cm deep and 70 cm wide. If you need to plant several seedlings, then it is important to maintain a distance of 2.5 m between them.
Preliminary preparation for planting a young seedling consists of soaking its roots in growth stimulants (Epin, Gaupsin) for 4 hours
Algorithm for transferring Bystrinka cherries to open ground:
- in the center of the hole, drive a wooden peg to a height of up to 2 m to create a support for the cherry;
- Place fertilizer at the bottom of the hole (mix 1 liter of ash with 5 kg of compost and 30 g of superphosphate);
- transfer the seedling into the hole, make sure that the roots are straightened and the root collar protrudes 3-4 cm above the surface of the hole;
- cover with soil, compact the soil around the seedling and water (up to 2 buckets for each tree);
- mulch the ground using peat or sawdust.
Features of care
Whether the seedling will take root successfully depends on compliance with the rules of agricultural technology. Timely watering and fertilizing, as well as disease prevention are the key to abundant fruiting.
Watering and fertilizing schedule
There is no need to fertilize the seedling for 2 years after transplanting it. Fertilizing schemes are different: in the spring, before the flowers bloom, watering is carried out with carbide. To do this, dissolve 30 g of the substance in 1 bucket of water. In autumn, rotted manure should be added to the tree trunk at the rate of 3 kg per m2.
During the flowering period, to form more ovaries, the crown should be treated with boric acid, diluting 10 g of the drug in 10 liters of water
Young seedlings are demanding when it comes to watering: the soil should be moistened every 14 days, and during periods of drought twice a week.
One Bystrinka cherry tree requires 10 to 20 liters of water. If the air temperature drops or periods of rain become more frequent, then there is no need to moisten the soil.
Trimming
Bystrinka cherry is a low-growing variety, so it requires regular pruning. The procedure is carried out after the snow melts, before the buds open.
Formation should be carried out in the first year after planting in open ground. Annual seedlings must be shortened to the point where branching is expected. The cut should be straight, located 5 cm above the bud.
During pruning, two-year-old cherry seedlings of the Bystrinka variety should be left with up to 8 skeletal branches, then shortened by 1/3 to avoid excess growth. In subsequent years, it is necessary to remove weak or damaged branches.
It is recommended to remove shoots on the trunk in the spring or summer months
At the end of the procedure, all cuts should be treated with garden varnish, otherwise the tree’s immunity will weaken.
Preparing for winter
A young tree should be prepared for the upcoming frosts: whiten the trunk, collect and burn all fallen leaves, and cover the tree trunk with mulch. If the growth of the cherry tree allows, then it can be completely wrapped in covering material.
It is enough to whiten adult trees or cover their trunks with improvised means against rodents; the Bystrinka cherry variety is not afraid of frost
Diseases and pests
The variety is susceptible to diseases caused by fungi. The main types of infections: fruit rot, cocomycosis, leaf curl, hole spot, anthracnose.
It is necessary to regularly remove weeds and rotten leaves around the tree, and loosen the soil around the tree trunk. Flowers should be sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, after diluting 200 g of the substance in 10 liters of water.
If signs of a variety's disease appear, the color of the leaf blades has changed, they curl or fall off, or the tree suddenly stops growing and bearing fruit, then the cherry should be treated with fungicides.
To prevent attacks by aphids, sawflies or cherry moths, you should spray the cherries with Actofit or Biorad. If they are ineffective, it is recommended to use insecticides.
Conclusion
Bystrinka cherry is a high-yielding variety that is easy to care for. The tree is low-growing, so it can be grown in small garden plots. The harvested crop is universal in use, both for personal purposes and in industry.
Reviews from gardeners about Bystrinka cherries
