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Vyanok cherry of Belarusian selection is gaining popularity among Russian gardeners. She has many positive characteristics that are worth learning more about.
Description of the Vyanok cherry
Cherry Vyanok is a new but promising variety of Belarusian selection, which has been tested in Russia since 2004. Already in the first years, it gained good popularity due to its characteristics and taste of the fruit. The cherry was obtained from the parent variety Novodvorskaya by open pollination. Employees of the Belarusian research institute worked on breeding the tree: Shirko T.S., Vyshinskaya M.I., Sulimova R.M., Syubarova E.P.
Vyanok cherry can be grown in almost any area; it develops equally well in southern and temperate climates. It withstands cold snaps, heat, and unstable winters.
Height and dimensions of an adult tree
The tree is tall, grows quickly, and is of the felt type.The crown is sparse and of medium density, has a pyramidal shape. An adult Vyanok cherry reaches a height of about 3 m.
The variety has a mixed type of fruiting. Fruits are formed both on annual growth and on bouquet branches.
Description of fruits
Cherry fruits are medium in size. Their weight reaches 3.8 g. The cherry is round in shape and has a rich dark red color. The skin is not thick, the flesh is dense, juicy. The stone is small, but easily separated. The taste of the pulp is pronounced sweet and sour. Tasting score – 4.5 points, which is not very low. The purpose of the fruit is universal. They are suitable for fresh consumption, processing and freezing.
The fruits of the Vyanok cherry are collected in clusters, it is very convenient to pick them
Vyanok cherry is highly drought-resistant; the fruits do not spoil in the sun and do not fall off. However, from excessive watering during the ripening period they can crack. That is why the amount of moisture in the soil must be carefully monitored and waterlogging must be avoided.
Pollinators of the Vyanok cherry
The Vyanok variety is characterized as self-fertile and is capable of setting fruit on its own. However, the yield will be low; for normal indicators, you still need to have pollinating trees nearby. Recommended joint cultivation with varieties:
- Lasukha;
- Novodvorskaya;
- Griot Belarusian.
Other cherries whose flowering dates coincide are also suitable. It is worth noting that Vyanok blooms early compared to other trees.
Main characteristics
Many varieties of cherries are popular among Russians, but Vyanok always remains one of the few that must be planted in the garden.The fact is that the tree has many advantages and positive characteristics, its productivity is especially impressive.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
The description of the Vyanok cherry variety speaks of the tree’s high winter hardiness. It tolerates bad weather well and bears fruit well. The gardeners' photo shows that even after return frosts, the fruit buds of this variety do not freeze. That is why the plant is suitable for planting in regions with an unstable climate.
In addition, it can be noted that Vyanok cherries are excellent at resisting drought. The wood matures well and is resistant to drying winter winds and summer heat. The root system of the plant is well developed and goes deep, so it does not suffer from the vagaries of the weather.
Productivity
Special literature says that after planting in a permanent place, the Vyanok cherry begins to bear fruit only in the third year of cultivation. However, this depends on the quality of the rootstock. It has been noticed that on the seed rootstock of wild cherries, fruiting is better and begins earlier.
On average, the yield of the Vyanok variety reaches 13 t/ha, 20 kg of fruits are collected from one tree. These figures are slightly higher than those of other popular self-fertile varieties, as can be seen in the table.
Variety name | Productivity, kg |
Vyanok | 20 |
Lyubskaya | 12-15 |
Apukhtinskaya | 8-10 |
Rossoshanskaya black | 10-15 |
High yields can be achieved through proper planting and proper care. The tree is undemanding, but simple rules must be followed.
The fruits of the Vyanok cherry are fully ripened and ready for consumption in the second half of summer. By the end of July you can enjoy delicious berries. They are used for all types of processing and fresh consumption. However, they do not last long.
Advantages and disadvantages
Based on all the characteristics, description of the variety and reviews from gardeners, we can highlight a number of advantages of the Vyanok variety. Among them:
- high productivity;
- self-fertility;
- precociousness;
- excellent taste of fruits;
- high winter hardiness and drought resistance.
The disadvantages of this variety of cherries include average resistance to characteristic diseases, including moniliosis and coccomycosis. However, you can cope with this problem by increasing the tree’s immunity.
Vyanok cherry is characterized by high productivity
Landing rules
Growing Vyanok cherries is no more difficult than other popular species. It is enough to follow simple planting rules and take good care of the tree.
Recommended timing
Seedlings for planting should be selected in the fall, when nurseries have a large assortment of trees. It is not advisable to purchase cherries in the spring, since the trees may already awaken from hibernation, and planting such a plant is dangerous. It will take root poorly and hurt for a long time. It is better to start planting in early spring. The appropriate time is chosen before the sap begins to flow and the buds swell. The timing is different in each region, so it is better to navigate the weather, local climate and other trees.
The main task of the gardener is to properly preserve the seedling until planting. To do this, you can dig it in the garden or lower it into a cold cellar.
Site selection and soil preparation
For better fruiting, plant cherries on the southern slope of the site. If this is not possible, then a well-lit place on the west side will do. However, it must be protected from cold winds and drafts.
The soil for planting is prepared in advance.It should allow moisture and air to pass through well. To do this, dig up the place, adding humus, sand and mineral fertilizers. It is believed that stable fruiting is possible on neutral soil. If it is too acidic, then add slaked lime or chalk.
The description of the Vyanok variety states that the tree’s root system does not tolerate close proximity to groundwater. This is why wetlands and damp places are not suitable for planting.
How to plant correctly
Vyanok cherries are planted according to a scheme designed for vigorous trees. In an amateur garden, they maintain a distance of 3 m between them. If the plantings are done in a row, then they retreat up to 4 m.
Tree holes are prepared in the fall so that by spring the soil is well settled and saturated with fertilizers. Before planting, the bottom is drained. You can use available materials, such as broken bricks, crushed stone or tiles. The seedlings are placed in the center of the hole, covered with soil, but the root collar is left on the surface of the soil, 5 cm.
During planting, the grafting site is not covered with earth so that it does not begin to rot.
Features of care
Vyanok cherries do not require special care. Even a busy gardener who rarely visits the site will be able to grow and harvest a decent harvest. To do this, it is enough to follow the recommendations given in the description of the variety.
Watering and fertilizing schedule
As already mentioned, Vyanok cherries are drought-resistant, so additional watering is not required. The soil is moistened when there has been no rain for a very long time. During the season, it is enough to water the tree generously several times.However, the procedure must be complete so that the moisture saturates the earthen ball to the entire depth of the roots. In order not to over-moisten the soil, it is better to adhere to the following watering scheme:
- after the formation of the ovary;
- during fruit filling;
- during the period of fruit bud formation the next day.
The rest of the time, there is no need to moisten the soil to prevent water stagnation at the roots. This causes more harm than drought.
To increase productivity, Vyanok are fed like all crops. Stick to the standard scheme. In early spring, nitrogen is added to the soil, and in summer and autumn, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied. Liquid organic mixtures are effective. Chicken manure and cow manure are popular among gardeners. It is better to apply dry organic fertilizers in the fall, combining them with digging around the tree trunk.
Trimming
The crown of a tall tree must be shaped to prevent fungal diseases. For cherries, it is better to stick to a tierless formation. The seedling is cut at a height of 30-40 cm, and the next four years continue to form it. To do this, leave 8-12 skeletal branches, which are directed in different directions. All excess is cut out. The distance between the skeletal branches is left 10-15 cm. In the future, all side shoots are shortened to stimulate fruiting.
Pruning is combined with cleaning the tree. Dry, damaged and diseased branches are regularly cut out.
Preparing for winter
In late autumn, cherries need to be prepared for the coming winter. It is better to protect young seedlings from frost. To do this, the trunk is wrapped in burlap to the base of the skeletal branches.Mature trees do not need additional shelter.
In regions with dry and windy winters, moisture-charging irrigation is carried out in late autumn so that the roots of the tree are saturated with moisture and do not dry out. It is made before the upcoming frost. The tree is watered abundantly so that moisture penetrates the entire depth of the root system.
Diseases and pests
The description of the variety states that the crop is susceptible to characteristic diseases. There are frequent cases of outbreaks of moniliosis and coccomycosis. To avoid damage, you should not neglect preventive work. Without them, not only the tree, but also the crop will suffer.
Treatments with Bordeaux mixture are effective against fungal diseases. They are done on a schedule in spring and autumn. Other preparations containing copper and insecticides against pests can be added to the solutions. In summer, Bordeaux mixture is not used. It is better to replace it with the drugs “Horus”, “Skor” and others.
Conclusion
Vyanok cherry is a productive variety, the crop is worth planting on the site. It will always please you with its harvest and does not require special care. In addition, it has practically no shortcomings.
