Content
Cherry Valery Chkalov appeared thanks to the efforts of domestic scientists. A number of advantages have made the variety popular in the field of large and small gardening. This species is resistant to cold and drought. He will delight you with an early rich harvest of juicy sweet fruits. Cherry variety Valery Chkalov is a famous variety, tested by time and by connoisseurs of delicious berries.
History of selection
Work on this type of cherry took several years. Central Genetic Laboratory named after. I.V. Michurina and Melitopol Experimental Horticulture Station named after. M.F. Sidorenko jointly developed a new variety. Free pollination of Caucasian Pink cherries contributed to the emergence of a new type of seedlings. After testing procedures, the frost-resistant cherry was named after the pilot - Valery Chkalov. The variety was included in the State Register in 1974.
Description of culture
Mild, warm weather conditions are ideal for this variety. Recommended areas for planting:
- North Caucasus;
- Rostov region;
- Stavropol region;
- Ingushetia, etc.
Cherry tree Valery Chkalov grows up to 5-6 m. The trunk with brown bark is quite strong. The branches are strong and branched. The length of one leaf is 19 cm. The crown is spreading and dense. The plant is stocky and resilient. Dark red fruits are round, heart-shaped. Their weight is 6-8 g. The berries taste sweet and sour.
Characteristics
The Valery Chkalov cherry variety has important individual characteristics. They are an integral part of basic, high-quality plant care. Tree development and crop formation are processes with certain subtleties and nuances. Planting this variety of cherries will delight you with tasty fruits and healthy trees, if the characteristics of the Valery Chkalov variety are taken into account.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
The versatility of cherries Valery Chkalov is one of the main advantages of the plant. The variety loves sun and warmth. It is mainly planted in regions with mild climates. Despite this, the tree is quite frost-resistant. It tolerates low temperatures well. It is enough to plant and care for the plant correctly so that it survives the cold with minimal damage.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening time
This variety of cherries is not self-fertile. The harvest will depend on other pollinators placed nearby. To do this, Skorospelka, June early, Aprilka, and others are planted near the tree. Cherry blossoms early Valery Chkalov.
In May the crown is covered with white flowers.The berries ripen a month after flowering. 5-6 years after planting, the tree will delight you with a harvest.
Productivity, fruiting
The cherry variety Valery Chkalov bears fruit every year. If cherries are planted in a warm climate, then up to 60 kg of berries can be collected from one tree. In colder climates, the figure is halved. The number of berries on a tree depends on the age of the cherry Valery Chkalov. The plant will bring a bountiful harvest after 10 years of growth.
Area of application of berries
Cherry berries are used for:
- compote;
- jam;
- jam;
- guilt.
Fruits from the tree are a sweet dessert.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The cherry variety Valery Chkalov is not resistant to diseases and pests. This is one of its specific features. The tree is affected by fungi: coccomycosis, gray rot. Proper care and preventive measures will minimize the destructive consequences of negative impacts.
Advantages and disadvantages
The tree has important advantages in comparison with other representatives of similar varieties:
- Early maturation. The juicy fruits will delight you with their sweet taste at the beginning of summer.
- High level of productivity. The tree produces a large number of large berries in one season.
- Frost resistance. Cherry Valery Chkalov easily tolerates a drop in air temperature to -23 0WITH.
- Great taste, large fruit size.
Features of the tree that must be taken into account during planting, care, and harvesting:
- Poor resistance to various diseases. For this reason, Valery Chkalov cherries require more careful care.
- The variety requires additional pollinators for harvest.
- The berries are tender. They can easily be damaged or deteriorate during transportation.
Landing Features
Planting a plant is an important stage of growth and development. Compliance with simple rules and recommendations when implementing it will ensure healthy, productive trees on the site.
Recommended timing
A favorable time for planting cherry seedlings Valery Chkalov is early spring, before the buds swell. The plant should be rooted before the onset of cold weather.
Choosing a suitable location
A sunny place, protected from drafts, is an ideal option for planting the Valery Chkalov cherry variety. With proper care, the tree will grow on the site for more than ten years. During this time, it will spread a thick crown and send out branched roots. These are important features that must be taken into account when choosing a landing site. Cherries should be placed at a distance of 5-6 m from buildings and other plants.
This variety of cherries does not like waterlogging. It is important to monitor the groundwater level at the landing site. They should lie at a level of 3-4 m underground.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby?
There are several types of plants that can harm the unpretentious cherry Valery Chkalov. Peppers, tomatoes, and eggplants should not be planted next to a tree. Such neighbors are carriers of various diseases. They can lead to the death of cherries. Oak, linden, and birch have overdeveloped rhizomes. It will interfere with the development of the Valery Chkalov cherry variety.
Selection and preparation of planting material
To plant cherries, Valery Chkalov needs a standard set of materials:
- shovel;
- fertilizer;
- water;
- means for loosening the soil.
The main element of the planting process is the tree cutting. His choice is a responsible, important task. A suitable seedling is smooth, without peeling. Its foliage is bright, its rhizome is branched. The ideal age of cuttings for planting is 1-2 years. An older one will have problems with the formation of the root system.
Landing algorithm
Preparations for spring planting begin in the fall:
- Before the cold weather, holes are dug for the seedlings. They mix soil and humus. Leave until next season.
- In the spring, before directly planting a young shoot, the soil is loosened, potassium, magnesium, and ash are added.
- A small stake is driven into the center of the recess. A stalk is tied to it. It will give the young planting stability and help it take root.
- Cherry root Valery Chkalov is placed 5 cm above ground level. Then sprinkle with soil and compact it.
- A kind of cushion of soil is formed around the cuttings. It will not allow water to spread.
- For one seedling you need to spend 2 buckets of water.
Subsequent care of the crop
Caring for this variety of cherries includes a number of simple measures. There is a certain algorithm for watering, fertilizing, and protecting the plant.
Cherry variety Valery Chkalov does not like excessive moisture. Watering should be regular, even, without excess. It takes place four times per season:
- before flowering;
- after the tree blooms;
- a couple of weeks before harvest;
- in mid-autumn, before the onset of cold weather.
During planting, the hole with the seedling is fertilized.This feeding will be enough for the plant for the first time. Particular attention should be paid to substances containing nitrogen: for example, urea. It can be used a year after planting the plant. During the season, fertilizing with urea is carried out three times.
Crown pruning is necessary for proper development, protection from pests and diseases. Tree formation is carried out in two ways:
- Classical. One main and 5-6 skeletal branches. The tree grows up to 8-9 m.
- Bush. In the first year after planting, the tree is pruned to 50-60 cm. During the season it will acquire a large number of side branches. Next spring, the branches are shortened by 1/5 of the total length. Dry shoots are carefully removed. Shoots growing vertically are pulled out at right angles. Thanks to this, the maximum height of the tree will be 2-3 m. This will not affect the amount of harvest.
Preparation for winter involves whitewashing the plant trunk and covering it with additional materials. The trunk and partially the branches are covered with burlap and insulated with peat.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
| Name of the disease | Infection period | Manifestation | Control method, prevention |
| Coccomycosis | July August | A pink coating forms on the bottom of the leaf, and blotches form on the top. Subsequently, they enlarge, turning into holes. Leaves fall. The tree is weakening. Fruits do not reach maturity | Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride are used as treatment. The preparations are sprayed on the affected areas. Basic preventive measures: elimination of spoiled foliage, fruits, weeding weed, timely fertilization of soil, plants |
| Moniliosis | Warm season, flowering period | Small formations containing fungal spores appear on the inflorescences. The berries are rotting.The leaves turn yellow and fall off. Moniliosis occurs very quickly. Cherries may die if measures are not taken in time | Copper sulfate and Bordeaux mixture are the best means to combat moniliosis. Diseased branches and leaves need to be cut off and burned |
| Clusterosporiasis | Summer period | Spots appear on the leaves, from which holes form | Damaged areas are cut off and treated with copper sulfate solution |
| cherry fly | May June | Lays eggs in fruits. Worms emerge from them. They feed on the pulp of berries and spoil them | Treat the tree with an infusion of onion peels. Remove affected shoots and fruits. As a preventive measure, special sticky fly traps are hung on cherries. |
Conclusion
Cherry Valery Chkalov is a wonderful option for planting in a garden plot. The variety will delight you with delicious juicy berries in the first month of summer. An unpretentious tree to care for, it is popular among summer residents and commercial gardeners.
