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At the end of winter and beginning of spring, for every summer resident there comes an exciting time to prepare for planting tomatoes. In a large number of regions of Russia, growing heat-loving crops is possible only in greenhouses using the seedling method. The choice of early varieties is due to the fact that the number of sunny days during the growing period is very limited. Let's look at popular tomato varieties with a short growing season and let's talk about the features of their cultivation.
Growing tomatoes in greenhouses
The number of greenhouse farms is growing today. This is due to the fact that many gardeners began to grow vegetables for sale in large quantities, and not just for themselves. To grow tomatoes indoors, it is necessary to equip special greenhouses. What is important when growing tomatoes?
- Sunlight (there should be a lot of it, come to the greenhouse he must throughout the day);
- good conditions for ventilation;
- soil preparation;
- optimal temperature and humidity conditions.
Preparatory work
Experienced summer residents know that constantly growing crops in one greenhouse after several seasons will lead to the plants starting to get sick. The soil needs to be properly cultivated or alternated with cucumbers. However, growing two crops at the same time is not recommended.
The soil preparation process takes place in several stages:
- the top layer of soil is removed by 10 centimeters;
- Copper sulfate is added to boiling water at the rate of 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water, and the soil is treated with this solution while hot;
- a week before planting the finished seedlings, prepare beds 25-30 centimeters high.
The width between the beds largely depends on the selected tomato variety or hybrid. Today, early and ultra-early varieties are very popular. They ripen quickly and are easy to care for.
The tomato is pollinated with the help of insects, however, attracting them to the greenhouse is extremely difficult. This is why greenhouse tomatoes require ventilation. To do this, you need to equip several windows. As a rule, hybrids that are resistant to unfavorable growing conditions and diseases are classified as super-early greenhouse hybrids.
The best early varieties of tomatoes for indoor soil
Early varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses are suitable for those who are not used to spending a lot of time on plants. Of course, you won’t be able to completely forget about your seedlings, but early ripening tomatoes generally low-growing, not requiring bush formation. Let's consider several popular hybrids and varieties that will delight you with an early harvest.
Hybrid "Aurora"
The high-yielding and ultra-early ripening hybrid “Aurora” will be appreciated by those gardeners who are tired of tying up tall tomatoes.
It is permissible to leave 40-50 centimeters between the beds, and plant up to 7 bushes per square meter. The care is standard, the harvest will ripen just 78-85 days after the first shoots appear.
The fruits are red, fleshy, and have excellent taste. Due to the fact that the tomatoes themselves are medium in size, they can be used both in salads and for pickling, preparing sauces and other dishes. The fruits do not crack, are easily transported and have an excellent presentation. The plant is not afraid of Alternaria and TMV. The yield is about 15 kilograms per square meter.
Hybrid "Andromeda"
As a rule, it is the tomato varieties for the greenhouse that produce large yields, since indoors they are least susceptible to diseases. The variety of this hybrid with pink flesh ripens earlier than all others; 80 days are enough for it; for tomatoes with red flesh it takes 85-95 days.
The height of the plant is only 70 centimeters, the yield in the greenhouse is high (almost 13 kilograms per square meter), medium-density planting is encouraged, and this is 6-7 plants per square. The Andromeda hybrid is more suitable for warm climates; it tolerates heat well.
The taste of tomatoes is excellent, resistance to major diseases allows you not to worry about the harvest. Due to its rapid maturation, the hybrid is not afraid of late blight. The fruits are fleshy, some specimens reach a weight of 180 grams. The presentation is excellent and can be transported subject to storage conditions.
Hybrid "Aphrodite"
The earliest tomatoes are always pleasing to the eye. This hybrid ripens very quickly. From the moment the first shoots appear until full ripening, only 76-80 days pass. The bush is determinate, low, reaching no more than 70 centimeters in height. It requires garters only to preserve the fruits, because up to 8 tomatoes are formed on a bunch, and under their weight the branches can break off.
The fruits are small in size, approximately 110 grams each, with good taste. As a rule, they are consumed fresh. The hybrid is resistant to stolbur, late blight, TMV, and physarium wilt. The harvest yield is friendly. The yield in the greenhouse reaches 17 kilograms per square meter.
Variety "Arctic"
Some early ripening varieties are attractive in appearance. The "Arctic" variety is known for its decorative properties. The bush is not tall, does not require garter, the tomatoes on it are small, weighing 25 grams. They are well suited for salads, pickling and canning, have a pleasant aroma and excellent taste. Up to twenty round fruits are formed on one brush at once. When ripe, they turn red.
The ripening period is only 78-80 days, the yield does not exceed 2.5 kilograms per square meter.
Hybrid "Biathlon"
This hybrid is said to be ideal for salads. Its taste is good, the size of the fruit allows you to pickle tomatoes. The bush of the plant is determinate, quite tall and can sometimes reach a meter. The yield of the harvest is quick and friendly.
Since the bush is compact, seedlings can be planted quite densely, up to 7-9 bushes per square meter. The harvest yield will be approximately 9 kilograms from a given area. The plant is resistant to TMV and fusarium.Due to the rapid ripening period, there is no time to get sick with late blight. The ripening period does not exceed 85 days; it can be grown successfully in open ground and in greenhouses.
Hybrid "Daria"
Very beautiful scarlet tomatoes ripen in just 85-88 days and give a large harvest of delicious tomatoes. From one square meter you can collect 15-17 kilograms of high-quality fruits. Resistance to TMV, Fusarium and Alternaria is a big plus.
The height of the bush reaches one meter, sometimes a little higher, they will have to be tied up. There are very few leaves on the plant, which is what causes rapid maturation. Fruits with excellent taste are suitable for pickling and salads.
Hybrid "Dolphin"
Presented by small fruits with excellent taste. They are round in shape with a characteristic pointed top. The bush has a determinate growth type, which stops growing after flowering begins, reaching a height of 80 centimeters. Clusters form five to six fruits, which are used for fresh consumption.
The ripening period is 85-87 days from the moment the first shoots appear, the yield is high (up to 15 kilograms per square meter). "Dolphin" is resistant to Fusarium, Alternaria and bacterial black spot.
Variety "Sanka"
When describing the best early tomatoes, one cannot help but mention “Sanka”. Today this is perhaps the most popular tomato in Russia. Gardeners are so fond of them that in February it is sometimes difficult to find an extra bag of seeds on the store counter. Why is the Sanka tomato so popular?
The ripening period is only 78-85 days, the tomato pulp is red, fleshy, and the taste is excellent. The fruits can be consumed in any quality.The tomatoes themselves are medium and do not exceed 150 grams.
The bush is of a determinate type, does not exceed 60 centimeters in height, the yield is high, reaching 15 kilograms per square meter. It is recommended to plant no more than 7 plants per square. The yield of the crop is long, it can bear fruit until the very frost from new shoots that grow after the first yield of fruit by the plant.
Hybrid "Captain"
Those who want to get a rich harvest are often advised not to choose super early tomatoes; the greenhouse varieties described above refute this statement. Almost all of them are represented by a rich harvest, the same can be said about the Captain hybrid. The yield per square is approximately 17 kilograms. At the same time, the bush is determinate, low (up to 70 centimeters). You can plant 7 seedling bushes per square meter.
The ripening period is 80-85 days, the fruits weighing 130 grams are leveled. Fruiting is friendly, the fruits are strong and store well. With excellent taste, they are used mainly for salads. Resistance to bacteriosis, TMV, late blight and fusarium is an excellent quality for a tomato.
Hybrid "Yesenia"
In a greenhouse you can harvest up to 15 kilograms of tomatoes with excellent taste. They ripen on low bushes up to 70 centimeters in height. The weight of the fruits is 135 grams, they are aligned and red in color. Since tomatoes are highly marketable, they are often grown on an industrial scale. Their care is standard.
Since the bush is compact, plants can be planted quite densely, 7-9 plants per square, however, this may affect the yield.
Variety "Carbon"
The most interesting tomatoes always attract the eye.The variety of American selection is interesting because the rather large fruits have a dark cherry color. They are very tasty and have a sweetish taste. The average weight of one tomato is 250 grams. The pulp is fleshy and juicy. The purpose of the tomato is table.
The bush of the plant is indeterminate, spreading, requires staking and pinching, which takes a lot of time from the summer resident. The ripening period is only 76 days. It is recommended to plant no more than 4 seedlings per square meter.
Tips for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse
Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse poses a pollination problem. That is why varieties intended for open ground cannot be grown in a greenhouse. Self-pollination is an important feature.
When growing seedlings, they are placed separately, each tomato is grown in a cup. Planting in the ground is done without damaging the rhizome. It is very important. Seedlings are considered ready when they reach approximately 20 centimeters in height. After transplanting, you need to fill the beds with water.
You should not spare the stepsons and lower leaves; they require strength from the plant, which has a negative impact on the yield. A good video about growing tomatoes in a greenhouse is presented below:
After airing the plants in the morning, you can lightly water them. Do not forget that tomatoes are very responsive to the application of mineral fertilizers. Without this, it will not be possible to achieve maximum yield.
Today, there are a huge number of tomato varieties and hybrids on the market, including ultra-early ones.In some cases, you can manage to get two harvests in a row in one season if you grow seedlings in a separate room.
Do not forget that high yields require special knowledge, patience and a lot of work from the gardener.
