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Grapes Express is an early universal hybrid of Russian selection with sweet black berries. The variety is considered a wine variety, the fruits are tasty and aromatic. Express grapes attract gardeners with winter hardiness, good immunity to disease and a number of other advantages.
History of origin
Early Express grapes were bred by Adeliy Ivanovich Vaskovsky. Selection work was carried out at the Far Eastern Experimental Station VIR. The co-author is Oleg Aleksandrovich Galver, who selected the earliest seedling. This is what provided part of the variety's name. Because of its main creator, it is also known as Vaskovsky Express. The hybrid was obtained by crossing the Amur grapes and the Early Magaracha variety.
Description of grape variety Express early
Early express forms medium or vigorous bushes. In appearance, the hybrid resembles the Adel-41 variety, also bred by A.I. Vaskovsky.
Bunches
Express grapes have large clusters weighing 250-500 g. They are cylindrical or winged in shape. Looseness is average.
Berries
The Express variety produces round and fairly large berries with a hard skin. They have a dark blue, almost black color, with a thin waxy (pruin) coating. The pulp is juicy and the juice is colorless.
The Express hybrid berries have a rich chemical composition, including:
- anthocyanins, which provide fruits with a blue color;
- phenolic acids;
- flavonols;
- procyanidin (antioxidant);
- resveratrol;
- tannins – high level.
Acidity level 6-9 g/l. Each berry weighs 3-4 g. Each berry contains 2-3 seeds.
When fully ripe, Express berries accumulate up to 28% sugar; they can be eaten when the level reaches 17-20 brix
Vine
The grape vine of this variety grows quickly and forms many stepsons. Characterized by early ripening. Maximum rates are observed even in northern latitudes. Leaf characteristics:
- large size;
- slight curvature;
- dark green color;
- three or five blades;
- open, large, lyre-shaped necklines;
- the petiole recess is open, in the form of a slit or an incoming angle;
- the upper part of the leaf blades is coarsely bubbled;
- the veins are pubescent on the underside.
Characteristic
Early Express grapes have bisexual flowers. This makes the variety self-pollinating. Up to 5-6 inflorescences are formed simultaneously on each shoot.
Ripening period of grapes Express
Grapes Express is an early variety. The ripening period depends on the region and occurs from the end of July to the beginning of autumn. In the Tver region, the harvest is harvested in the last days of August or early September. In Voronezh, grapes ripen by the end of July. In the northern regions, the harvest takes place in September.
Grape Yield Express
Early Express grapes are a high-yielding variety. More than 10 kg of berries are collected from the bush. The hybrid shows stable results even in years with unfavorable weather.
Taste qualities
Early Express grapes have excellent taste. Due to the increased sugar content, the berries of this variety are sweet even before they are fully ripe.
Growing regions
Express early was bred in the Primorsky Territory. It is successfully grown in different territories of Russia:
- Far East;
- middle lane;
- the northwestern part of the country, including the Leningrad region.
The need for shelter for the winter depends on the growing region.
Frost resistance
Early Express grapes are frost-resistant varieties. Without shelter, it can survive cold temperatures down to -32-37 °C. The crop is not afraid of spring frosts either. They may damage the grapes, but they will quickly recover without reducing yield.
Drought resistance
Early Express grapes have average drought resistance. Lack of moisture negatively affects the taste of berries, their ripening, and reduces the sugar content.
Resistance to diseases and pests
Early Express grapes have good immunity. The variety has above average resistance to the main crop problems:
- anthracnose;
- mildew (downy mildew);
- oidium (oidium).
Prevention of mildew is especially important at high air humidity, when the risk of disease increases greatly
Application
Early Express grapes are universal. It is classified as a technical (wine) variety because it is often used to make wine. Users note the following qualities of the drink:
- beautiful, dark color;
- good structure;
- pleasant aroma.
They make Early Express and other drinks from grapes - cognac, brandy, juice. This variety is also called table variety, since the berries are good fresh and can be used as raisins.
Advantages and disadvantages
Many people plant early Express grapes because of their ripening time, juicy and sweet berries, from which delicious wine is obtained. The decorative properties of the crop are also valuable, making it possible to decorate gazebos and pergolas.
Pros:
- possibility of cultivation in the northern regions;
- early maturation;
- high productivity;
- excellent taste characteristics;
- ease of care;
- winter hardiness;
- In most regions, winter shelter is not required.
Minuses:
- Restraint pruning is required;
- some regions require shelter;
- Mildew prevention is required.
Landing Features
Early Express grapes are planted on southern and southwestern slopes. The culture does not like lowlands, salt marshes, or proximity to groundwater.
Grapes need loose soil and good drainage. It is optimal to take a bucket of fertile soil and humus or compost, add wood ash and complex fertilizer. Fresh manure is harmful to tender roots.
It is better to choose seedlings 1-2 years old. A well-developed root system, absence of mechanical damage and signs of disease are important. Landing algorithm:
- Make a hole with a side of 0.7 m.
- Carefully install the seedling and straighten the roots.
- Fill the hole with soil, compacting it layer by layer.
- Water.
- Install the support.
It is optimal to plant grapes at a temperature of 5-15 °C, do this in the spring or in September-October
Care instructions
Early Express grapes require comprehensive care. The events are:
- Water 1-2 times a week, adult plantings three times a season. Moisturizing is mandatory after the ovaries form.
- Systematically loosen and weed.
- In the first year, pinch off shoots that have grown to 1.5 m. Next autumn, leave the two strongest vines and cut out the rest.
- In spring, tie up as leaves form.
- Leave 2-3 ovaries on the shoot, otherwise due to overload the berries will be smaller and more sour.
Early Express grapes are fed from the third year. Use the following products (dosage per 10 liters of water):
- when the eyes open, 20 g of ammonium nitrate;
- after flowering 60-80 g of nitrophoska;
- when softening the berries, 40-60 g of potassium monophosphate or diammophosphate;
- before fruit ripening, 100-150 g of potassium sulfate, superphosphate;
You can start fertilizing from the second decade of May, using 40 g of urea per 10 liters of water. The fertilizer is reapplied after two weeks. Afterwards, the Micom microfertilizer complex is used at the same interval. Fertilizing is done foliar.
Express grapes have good early immunity, but preventive treatments are necessary to maintain it. Use the following products (dosage per 10 liters of water):
- when 3-5 leaves appear on the shoot, 2 g of Horus, 25 g of Ridomil;
- during the opening of the bushes 0.3-0.5 kg of iron sulfate, repeated treatment after leaf fall;
- before flowering, zinc sulfate and boric acid - 5 and 10-20 g;
- when the ovaries reach the size of small peas, use Topaz and Acrobat.
Mildew prevention must be carried out before and after flowering. If the disease was detected last year, spraying begins in the 3-4 leaf phase. The following remedies are effective:
- Bordeaux mixture;
- copper oxychloride and preparations based on it;
- Topaz;
- Home;
- Profit Gold;
- Abiga Peak;
- Champion.
Mildew infection without timely and competent treatment leads to crop loss
Conclusion
Early Express grapes are a universal-purpose hybrid. Its berries are juicy, contain a lot of sugar, and are suitable for fresh consumption and making wine. The crop needs comprehensive care; preventive treatments against mildew are required, especially at high humidity.
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