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Rarely does a suburban area do without a raspberry tree. The unpretentious, tasty, healthy berry has long won the hearts of summer residents and has taken up places along country fences. Aromatic jam in winter reminds of summer and helps against colds, and tea made from dried raspberry leaves improves immunity, relieves kidney ailments, and saturates the body with vitamin C. However, if you neglect the raspberry tree, it will turn into wild, impenetrable thickets, and even the fruiting period The classic raspberry season is short-lived, just a couple of weeks in July.
Features of remontant raspberry varieties
Progress does not stand still; the work of breeders has given us a great variety of raspberry varieties: here are yellow and black, and even those varieties that bear fruit for a longer period of time compared to traditional raspberry trees. This raspberry is called remontant, “repeated”, the plant is capable of producing crops repeatedly during the growing season.Regular raspberries bear fruit on last year's shoots, while remontant raspberries bear fruit on current year's shoots. Planting remontant raspberries in the fall it will give you the opportunity to get the first harvest the following summer.
Remontant raspberries have a lot of advantages over regular raspberries:
- Increased resistance to pests. It is caused by a shifted timing of flowering and fruiting;
- Resistance to diseases is due to winter pruning of bushes “to zero.” Full pruning is part of the mandatory care for remontant raspberries in the fall:
- The minimal or complete absence of root shoots that aggressively invade the surrounding area simplifies the care of the bushes;
- Harvest yield in the first year after planting;
- The durability of the berries: they do not fall off the bush and do not spoil, the harvest does not need to be harvested daily, it is quite possible to go out with a tuesk once a week;
- There is no need to cover the bushes for the winter, due to pruning raspberries after fruiting;
- Later flowering minimizes damage from spring frosts;
- The ovaries are resistant to low autumn temperatures.
There were also some disadvantages, but compared to the advantages of remontant raspberries, they are insignificant:
- Lack of growth makes it difficult propagation of remontant raspberries conventional methods;
- The berry lacks a pronounced aroma but retains its raspberry taste;
- Increased demands on lighting.
Remontant raspberries have their own characteristics of the growing season, we suggest you watch the video, which clearly shows how to care for remontant raspberries:
How to plant remontant raspberries correctly, in autumn or spring? You can plant seedlings in the spring, in this case, by the end of summer you will see several berries on the bushes, but autumn planting is still more preferable; in the first summer after planting, you will already receive the first harvest.
Site selection
To successfully grow remontant raspberries, you should know that the slightest shading leads to a sharp reduction in yield, so you should choose a well-lit area, protected from drafts. The ideal option would be the south side, closed from the north by a fence, buildings, or hedge. These raspberry varieties do not like stagnant groundwater, so choose a dry place, or add soil. The soil should be fertile and loose.
Crop rotation rules
Although remontant raspberries are less susceptible to diseases and pests, the laws of crop rotation must be known and followed so as not to deplete the soil. The best precursor to raspberries is black steam. A good option for predecessors are green manure: vetch-oat mixture, lupine, white mustard.
You cannot plant remontant raspberries after any varieties of raspberries, because the soil is depleted, and during the life of the raspberry root system, substances are released that inhibit young plantings. Transfer Replanting raspberries in their original place is possible after 5-7 years of resting the soil, during which time it will restore its properties.
Soil preparation
Remontant raspberries actively grow and bear fruit, so they require preliminary enrichment and soil preparation.There are two ways: long and short.
Long-term soil preparation
The site planned for planting raspberries takes two years to prepare. In the first autumn, dig up the soil, adding to it for every m2 45 g of potassium sulfate, 13-15 kg of humus and 65 g of superphosphate in granules. With the onset of spring, plant vegetables (taking into account the rules of crop rotation), carry out the required fertilizing for the selected vegetable crops. Next season, sow clover or legumes in the area of the future raspberry tree, plant the green mass into the soil in August, and in the fall, in mid-September or early October, depending on climatic conditions, begin planting remontant raspberries.
Reduced soil preparation
With the shortened method, about a month before the planned planting of raspberries, you need to dig a hole about half a meter deep, put 25 g of potassium sulfate, 15 g of superphosphate and 10-12 kg of humus into it, and fill the hole with previously excavated soil. When using the trench planting method, dig a trench, add one tablespoon of potassium sulfate and superphosphate, one liter jar of wood ash, and 5-6 kg of rotted manure for each meter of its length. After a month, dig up, loosen and start planting seedlings.
Feeding during the growing season
With proper autumn soil preparation before planting remontant raspberries, raspberries do not need fertilizers next season. In the future, remontant raspberry bushes should be fertilized twice a year. Mineral fertilizers are applied during active growth of shoots, in June-early July, and complex fertilizing is performed in August.
Remontant raspberries react sharply to nitrogen deficiency and respond well to organic feeding. Liquid fertilizer from mullein in a ratio of 1:10 or fermented bird droppings in a ratio of 1:20 in an amount of 4-5 liters per m2, introduced at the beginning of summer, will provide remontant raspberries with the necessary supply of nutrients.
Layout of planting material
There are several ways to plant remontant raspberries. Each gardener decides which one to choose, but remember that too dense thickets will negatively affect the harvest and make it difficult to care for the bushes.
Belt method
Raspberries are planted in rows, the distance between which is one and a half to two meters, and the distance between seedlings is 70-90 cm. If the variety you choose produces a small number of replacement shoots, then the distance between plantings can be slightly reduced.
Square-bush method
It involves placing planting material in a square, with a distance of a meter and a half between plants. This method is suitable for owners of large plots where a large area can be allocated for raspberries.
Curtain method
Seedlings are arranged in small groups of 2-3 plants, planted at a distance of 60-70 cm.
Triangular pattern
It involves planting raspberries in an isosceles triangle, with a side of 40-50 cm. It should be noted that the last two methods are used in landscape design; in this case, you should choose varieties with different colors of berries in order to create a bright color palette. With any planting method, monitor the number of replacement shoots. There should be no more than 6-8 of them per bush.Leave the most promising ones, and mercilessly cut out the others, otherwise the plant will spend energy not on bearing fruit, but on growing shoots. Also remove root shoots that will not be used for propagation.
Reproduction methods
If you decide to plant remontant raspberries for the first time, then purchase seedlings from a reliable seller to propagate this crop. There are some differences in how to plant remontant raspberries with an open and closed root system. Seedlings with ZKS are transplanted into a previously prepared place by transferring an earthen clod, and OKS seedlings should be inspected, damaged roots removed, dipped in a clay mash with the addition of a root formation stimulator, and straightened out in the planting hole. The root collar should be at ground level, do not allow excessive deepening, but also make sure that the roots are not exposed to the air.
Using your own planting material
Some varieties of remontant raspberries produce a small number of root suckers; use them for propagation in the traditional way, as in the propagation of ordinary raspberries. Root shoots are most numerous in 4-5 year old bushes of remontant varieties. When the shoots reach a height of 7-10 cm, wait for cloudy weather, dig up and transplant the shoots into a “school”, water, mulch and create shade. After rooting after a couple of weeks, the shading can be removed. In the fall, strengthened and mature seedlings of remontant raspberries can be transplanted to a permanent place.
For remontant varieties that produce a small number of offspring, you can use methods such as:
Propagation by root cuttings
In the fall, after carefully loosening the bush, dig out a root at least 2 cm in diameter.Cut it into 10-12 cm pieces, place it in a furrow, water it, bury it, and mulch it. Next season, this place should be watered, fertilized, carefully loosened and removed. weeds. At the end of the season, raspberry seedlings can be planted in a prepared place.
Propagation of raspberries by cuttings
This method uses green cuttings. They are harvested in the spring from young annual shoots of remontant raspberries 3-4 cm high. A shoot with a leafy rosette is suitable for cuttings. Cut the cutting at a depth of 5-6 cm and remove it with roots and a lump of earth. Treat the cut with crushed coal and immediately plant it in a greenhouse at the same depth. Water, avoid overheating. After rooting, harden it by opening the greenhouse, and then replant it in a permanent place.
Reproduction by dividing the bush
It is used mainly when replanting remontant raspberries after they have been growing in one place for over 10 years, or if the wrong place is chosen for the raspberry plant. Dig up the bush, divide it into parts, treat the cuts with crushed charcoal, plant the resulting parts in a new place, having prepared it in advance.
Conclusion
Replanting raspberries is carried out at the same time, according to the same rules as planting young plants. Don’t forget to feed and water the remontant raspberry bushes. Using mulching material will eliminate the need for loosening and removing weeds.
