Grafting grapes in spring: on an old bush, for beginners, black to black, drilling, video

Content

1 Why is grape grafting necessary?
2 Timing of grape grafting in spring
3 Preparation and storage of scion
4 Preparation of the rootstock
5 Methods of grafting grapes in spring
6 Caring for grapes after grafting
7 Common mistakes
8 Conclusion

Grafting grapes in the spring increases the endurance, immunity and fruiting rates of the crop. The procedure can be carried out in several ways; it is not associated with great difficulties.

Why is grape grafting necessary?

A video on how to plant grapes in the spring for beginners lists several advantages of the procedure:

the crop’s immunity to fungal diseases and pests increases;
the productivity of weakly fruiting bushes increases;
plants damaged by frost and rodents are restored;
the grapes' tolerance to unfavorable growing conditions increases;
the ripening of berries is accelerated when early-ripening and early varieties are grafted onto the rootstock;
The frost resistance of the crop increases.

With the help of spring grafting, valuable grape varieties can be quickly propagated. The procedure allows you to create so-called “family” bushes - several species are planted on one root at once. Grafting makes it possible to grow the maximum number of varieties in a small area.

Timing of grape grafting in spring

The best time to graft grapes in spring is considered to be the end of April and the beginning of May. When carrying out the procedure, you need to focus on the climate of the region and weather conditions. But in general, grafting is performed after the air warms up to 15 °C and the soil temperature is at least 10 °C for two weeks.

The establishment of grapes is negatively affected by heat and excessive dryness or moisture in the soil.

Preparation and storage of scion

As a scion, cuttings from healthy grape bushes that bear fruit for at least three years are used. Chubuki are harvested in the fall in October and November, shortly before frost. Closer to the base, several strong shoots 9-12 cm long are cut off with a sharply sharpened tool. The cuttings must be at least 8 mm in diameter, with 2-3 eyes on each.

Cut shoots are dipped in a solution of 3% copper sulfate for half a minute for disinfection, and then dried and wrapped in wet cotton cloth or plastic wrap. The cuttings must be stored in the cellar, placed in a box with damp sand, or on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. The optimal temperature for the scion is from -2 to 2 °C; bright light should not fall on the shoots.

Attention! Weak, twisted, dry grape branches are not suitable for taking cuttings.

Preparation of the rootstock

Young healthy bushes 3-5 years old are used as a rootstock for grapes.Plants must be frost-resistant, hardy, without fungal infections and with good immunity, with a developed underground part.

Preparation of the rootstock comes down to the fact that in the spring, a week before planting the scion, the bush is pruned and shoots, leaves and tendrils located below the site of future grafting are removed. After this, the grapes are watered abundantly and fed with potassium and phosphorus using the foliar method.

Methods of grafting grapes in spring

Grafting of grapes in April can be done using several technologies. Some methods involve the use of whole cuttings, while for others only a bud is sufficient.

Grafting grapes into clefts in spring

Spring grafting into clefts is carried out using a perennial underground grape trunk. The algorithm looks like this:

All branches are pre-cut from the rootstock.
A hole 30 cm deep is dug at the base.
At a height of 20 cm, the upper part of the bush is cut down.
The cut surface is cleaned of irregularities and wiped with a cloth soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate.
Using a previously disinfected ax and hammer, a split is made in the trunk approximately 3 cm in the center.
Temporarily insert a clean screwdriver into the split so that it does not close.
Leave 1-2 buds on the scion, remove excess wood and make even cuts on both sides under the lower eye.
The cutting is dipped into the humate solution for a few seconds, inserted into the prepared cleft and gently pressed down.
A screwdriver is removed from the wood, the split is filled with damp toilet paper, and the joint is wrapped with braid or twine.

At the end of the spring grafting of grapes into a standard, the underground trunk should be covered with a cut-off plastic container, the hole should be filled with earth with the addition of ash and humus, and then watered thoroughly with settled water. Over the following weeks, the plant is moistened and the bottle cap is unscrewed from time to time for ventilation.

When grafting grapes in spring, the buds should “look” not inside the trunk, but outside

Half-split grafting

Half-split grafting in spring is practically no different from full split grafting. The difference is that the trunk is split not in the upper part in the center, but from the side and up to the middle of the trunk.

The step-by-step algorithm looks like this:

The rootstock is cleared of branches and leaves.
The underground trunk is exposed to a depth of 30 cm and the main bush is cut down at a height of 20 cm.
Prepare a half-split and insert the scion into it with the lower eye outward.
Seal the gap on the trunk with damp toilet paper and wrap the graft tightly with cloth.
The grapes are watered generously and covered with soil.

All instruments must be sterilized with a solution of potassium permanganate or alcohol before the procedure.

When grafting into a half-split, the kidney is also directed outward

Grafting into the butt (with a wedge)

Grafting of grapes in the spring with cuttings into the butt is carried out if the rootstock is thin enough and is not suitable for splitting, but still significantly exceeds the thickness of the scion. Perform the procedure like this:

According to the standard algorithm, the rootstock is cleared of branches and cut off at the top.
A triangular incision is made on the side with a sharp tool.
The lower part of the scion is ground so as to obtain a wedge that perfectly matches the prepared nest along the joints.
Insert the handle into the butt and wrap it with twine or cloth to secure it.

To prevent infection from entering the grafting site, it is recommended to treat the incision with garden varnish.

Butt grafting in spring is considered difficult and not suitable for beginners

How to graft grapes end to end

You can graft grapes in the spring back to back. The procedure is carried out as follows:

Dig up the grape trunk to a depth of 10 cm and saw off the top evenly.
Make exactly the same even cut on the bottom of the scion.
A wooden pin 4-5 cm long is inserted into the grape trunk in the center.
The scion is strung onto a wedge at a distance of 2-2.5 cm from the bud.
Achieve the tightest possible contact between the joints and wrap the graft with cotton wool soaked in potassium permanganate.

After this, the joint must be tied with a clean rag and coated with garden varnish. The remaining stump is covered with earth, ash and humus, and then covered with film.

Spring grafting is carried out end-to-end if the rootstock and scion are the same in diameter.

Grafting grapes into a standard in spring

You can graft grapes onto an old trunk in the spring using several cuttings with 3-4 buds on each. The step-by-step procedure looks like this:

The grape trunk is dug up to a depth of 10 cm and cleaned of dirt and old bark.
The above-ground part of the bush is cut off with sharp pruning shears.
Several 3-5 cm slits are cut in the trunk to install cuttings.
The scion is inserted into the splits and secured with a bandage, and wrapped with damp paper on top.
The trunk is covered with earth and the upper part of the cuttings is covered with sand.

Before the grafting takes root, the grapes must be watered and the soil loosened from time to time.

Attention! On one trunk you can install cuttings of 2-3 different varieties of crops.

Vaccination on the standard in the spring is carried out until mid-April

Grafting grapes in spring onto an old bush by drilling

Grafting grapes onto an old root can be done in the spring using drilling. The method is very simple and suitable for beginners. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

The grape scion is removed from the cellar, wrapped in a damp cloth and left at room temperature for several hours.
The lower ends of the cuttings are cleared of 5 mm of bark.
Select a drill of the same diameter as the shoots and disinfect it in a solution of potassium permanganate.
Drill a hole up to 5 cm deep in the center of the rootstock.
Insert the scion into the prepared recess.

The grafting site is covered with clay or garden varnish and the plant is given standard care.

To increase survival rate, several cuttings can be planted on one trunk by drilling at once.

Spring grafting of grapes black to black

The best time to graft grapes from black to black in the spring is the very beginning of sap flow. During the work, only lignified old cuttings are used.

Grafting is usually done in the spring by drilling into the side of the trunk. The diagram looks like this:

A hole up to 2 cm deep is made on the side of the rootstock, similar in width to the diameter of the scion.
On the bottom of the cutting, cut off the bark by 2 cm.
The scion is carefully inserted into the trunk and deepened, lightly tapping the top with pruners or other tools.
The grafting site is treated with garden pitch or clay.

At the time of performing the procedure, the growing season of the rootstock should already have started. However, vaccination must be carried out before the buds open, during the period when they are just swollen.

Before grafting black to black grapes in the spring, you need to water them properly.

Grafting grapes green to green

Grafting of grapes with spring vines is carried out closer to summer, in the middle or end of May. The procedure algorithm is as follows:

Only two strong sprouts are left on the green vine and shortened by making a straight cut above the second node.
Other shoots are removed completely.
The green stalk is cut into pieces 3-4 cm long and left 1.5 and 2 cm above and below the leaf, respectively, and the plate itself is shortened by half.
The lower part of the scion is cut obliquely.
Insert the cutting into the split of the rootstock and isolate the grafting with film and garden varnish.

To create optimal temperature and humidity, it is advisable to place the fusion point of green shoots in a plastic bottle before the development of a new branch begins.

Green cuttings for the scion are cut directly on the day of the procedure

Grafting black to green grapes in spring

You can graft grapes into a sleeve in the spring from black to green - that is, with a woody cutting into a young shoot. The step-by-step algorithm looks like this:

Last year's cuttings in the lower part are cut with a wedge using a sterile instrument.
In a green vine of young grapes, a split is made above the third node from the base of the shoot.
The cutting is inserted into the hole and tied with plastic wrap for tight fixation.
As the shoot develops, the winding is loosened and finally removed with the onset of autumn.

Black to green grafting is usually carried out at the end of May, when the young branches of the grapes have time to get stronger.

Lignified cuttings for grafting are harvested in early spring and stored in paraffin until the required date.

Budding of grapes in spring (bud grafting)

Budding for grafting grapes is used at the end of May in cloudy and fairly cool weather. The procedure is carried out according to the following scheme:

On a rootstock that is at least three years old, 1-2 green shoots are selected and the rest are removed.
On the remaining young branches, T-shaped cuts are made with a sharply sharpened knife, removing the bark.
From prepared green cuttings of the desired variety, dormant or germinating buds are cut off along with small sections of wood.
The eyes are inserted into cuts on the rootstock and tightly fixed with film or damp cloth wrapping.

After grafting by budding in the spring, the grapes usually begin to grow within three weeks. During this time, the plant needs to be watered regularly.

When budding in spring in May, it is important to shade the grapes from the bright hot sun

Caring for grapes after grafting

After grafting grapes into the root or trunk in the spring, it is necessary to ensure careful care of the plant:

A month after the underground grafting, the trunk is dug up, the roots that appear on the cutting are cleaned, they are cut off and the plant is covered with soil again.
Emerging grape shoots are regularly removed.
Every ten days the bushes are sprayed with 0.5-1% Bordeaux mixture to prevent fungi and insects.
If there is a lack of rain in the first half of summer, moisten the soil under the plants abundantly every week.
After the next watering or precipitation, the earthen hill around the grafted grapes is loosened.

Throughout the year, the bush needs to be fed - in total, fertilizers are applied 2-3 times per season. When using above-ground grafting methods, attention is paid to fixing the connections. Shoots longer than 40 cm are secured to a trellis or supports so that they do not break during growth.

Common mistakes

Spring grafting of grapes is generally a fairly simple procedure. Several factors can interfere with engraftment:

Improper storage of cuttings. If the scion dries out before being replanted on a rooted plant, then engraftment will not occur. The cuttings must be kept constantly moist in low temperature conditions.
The split or drilled hole is too deep. In this case, the wood begins to rot under the influence of moist air, and the scion does not take root.
Uneven cuts. When grafting, it is important to use only very sharp knives and pruners that do not leave any uneven spots or snags.
Non-sterile instrument. If you carry out the procedure with dirty blades, the cuts of the rootstock or scion are likely to become infected.

Only healthy plants can be used for spring grafting. This applies to both the scion and the rootstock.

Conclusion

Grafting grapes in the spring allows you to quickly propagate the crop on the site and obtain hardy and high-yielding bushes. The procedure can be carried out in many ways; the gardener only needs to be attentive and strictly follow the instructions.

How to plant grapes in spring: on an old bush, for beginners, video, drilling