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Clematis Jacquemant is a perennial vine that belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. This group of clematis is characterized by extreme frost resistance, good immunity to many diseases, rapid growth and abundant flowering. Clematis Jacquemint does not grow in nature, but it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Description of Clematis Jacquemman
Clematis Jacquemman is widely known among ornamental trees and shrubs. The Jacqueman group includes various hybrid varieties. It was named after one of the outstanding varieties, on the basis of which all the others had already been bred. The very first Jackman clematis was bred in 1858 by English breeders in Jackman's nursery.
The height of plants, as a rule, reaches 4 - 5 meters. The greyish-brown stem of the vine is highly branched, slightly pubescent and ribbed.The odd-pinnate dark green leaves are formed from 3 - 5 leaves. The width of the leaves is about 5 cm, the length is about 10 cm. The shape of the leaves is elongated, ovoid, pointed, and has a wedge-shaped base.
As you can see from the photo, the flowers of Jacquemand's clematis are large and very beautiful. They sit alone, extremely rarely - 2-3 pieces. The size of flowers in diameter, on average, is 7 - 15 cm, but there are varieties with larger flowers. Their color can be very diverse: white, red, pink, purple, blue or light blue.
In temperate climates, the buds of clematis from the Jacquemman group swell in April, and the leaves bloom in May. Until the end of June, the vine shoots are actively growing, after which abundant flowering begins, which usually ends only in August. Weak flowering sometimes continues until September.
Clematis Jacquemman pruning group
Jacquemin's clematis belong to the third pruning group. This means that flowers appear exclusively on the shoots of the current year: no flowering occurs on old shoots.
Since buds form only on young branches, last year's shoots are pruned. Otherwise, they grow over time and give the plant an untidy appearance and also weaken it.
Clematis varieties of the Jacquemman group
There are many different varieties of Jacquemman's clematis: photos of crops show that they all differ in size, color and shape of flowers, appearance of leaves and length of shoots. The article lists the most popular varieties of clematis Jacquemman, recommended by Russian gardeners.
Superba
Clematis Jacquemin Superba is a shrubby deciduous vine that can grow up to 3 m in length. The inflorescences are wide-open, velvety, consist of four petals of a deep purple color, and have anthers of a slightly greenish tint. In the center of the petals there is a purple stripe that fades as the flower ages. Clematis buds Jacqueman Superba, collected in the axils in several pieces, look like a half-umbrella.
Flowering usually begins in May and ends in September. Cold weather can delay flowering time. The variety is characterized by average winter hardiness.
Rouge Cardinal
Clematis Rouge Cardinal is a hybrid variety from the Jacqueman group, developed by French breeders, which has received many world awards. The dark purple velvety flowers of the vine are quite large, their diameter is approximately 15 cm. The inflorescences themselves are cross-shaped. The flower is complemented by contrasting stamens of a light, milky shade.
Shoots of clematis Rouge cardinal grow up to 2 - 2.5 m. The medium-sized leaves have a trifoliate shape. The leaf blade is painted in a dark green shade. The plant blooms from July to September. The variety is considered moderately frost-resistant.
Cosmic Melody
The clematis variety Cosmic Melody, developed by domestic breeders in 1965, also belongs to Jacqueman’s group. The plant was named Cosmic Melody in honor of the flights of Russian cosmonauts. This is a shrubby vine that reaches a height of 3 m. The bush is usually formed from 15 - 30 shoots.According to manufacturers, the Cosmic Melody variety has exceptional frost resistance.
From 10 to 30 flowers can grow on one shoot. The diameter of the opened flowers is 12 - 14 cm. They consist of 5 - 6 velvety petals of a purple-cherry hue, having a diamond shape. The petals of clematis Cosmic Melody do not adjoin each other closely: there is some distance between them. This arrangement can be considered a distinctive feature of the variety.
Luther Burbank
Luther Burbank is one of the clematis varieties of the Jacquemman group, which has perhaps the largest flowers, the size of which reaches 20 cm in diameter. The liana is also characterized by rapid growth, the shoots stretch up to 2.5 - 4 m. The bush is formed by about 10 shoots.
One shoot of clematis Luther Burbank contains from 9 to 12 flowers. The flowers are violet-purple in color and have 5 - 6 pointed petals. The edges of the petals are wavy. Stamens are yellow-white. Flowering continues from July to September. Clematis Jacquemand Luther Burbank can withstand frosts down to -30 degrees.
Anna German
Clematis Anna German is another variety of the Jacqueman group, bred by domestic breeders in 1972 in honor of the famous Polish singer. The height of the plant is about 2 - 2.5 m. The vine blooms early, closer to mid-May. In favorable conditions, it can bloom again in August. Clematis Jacqueman Anna German is well adapted to the Russian climate; it can withstand even severe frosts down to -40 degrees.
The flowers of the plant are very large, from 16 to 20 cm in diameter, and have a star shape.They consist of petals of a soft purple or soft lilac color. The color of the petals is lighter in the center and richer at the edges, the stamens are yellowish. The variety is considered a moderate grower, so it can even be grown on a balcony in containers.
Gypsy Queen
Clematis Jacquemand Gypsy Queen is a shrubby vine formed by about 15 shoots, the maximum length of which is 3.5 m. The plant can be grown in a container. A distinctive feature of the variety is the slightly raised buds. The liana begins to bloom in late July or early August.
The size of the dark purple flowers of the vine is about 15 cm. The petals are velvety and quite wide. After the flower has fully matured, the anthers also acquire a purple color.
Nellie Moser
Clematis variety Nelly Moser is a deciduous vine from the Jacquemman group. The height of the plant is about 2 - 2.5 m. The flowers of the vine are painted in a very delicate, light, mauve shade. The anthers are two-colored: white and deep purple. There is a bright pink stripe in the center of the petals. In appearance, the petals resemble a slightly pointed ellipse. The shape of the flowers is star-shaped, with a diameter of 12 - 18 cm.
The liana blooms in May or June, and re-blooming begins in August or September. The clematis variety Nelly Moser belongs to the 4th winter hardiness zone and can withstand frosts down to -35 degrees.
Moonlight
In 1958, the clematis variety Jacqueman Moonlight was developed by the Russian scientist A. N. Volosenko-Valenis. The liana is vigorous, the shoots grow up to 3 m in length.Compound leaves are formed by 3, 5 or 7 leaflets. Flowering begins in June or July. The crop is suitable for cultivation in all climatic zones of Russia.
The shoots of the vine are strewn with shiny flowers of a lavender hue with a transition to blue towards the center. The size of the flowers ranges from 8 to 12 cm. Flowers are often formed from 4 petals, much less often from 5 or 6. The shape of the petals is rhombic, with pointed ends, often bent outward. The stamens are light, pale green.
Texa
The clematis variety Jacqueman Tex was bred in 1981 by the Estonian breeder U. J. Kivistik. Tex's clematis are not too tall, which allows them to be grown in containers on the balcony. The liana blooms in June or July; re-blooming should be expected in early September.
The diameter of the flowers is 14 cm. The petals have wavy edges and pointed tips. The flowers consist of 6 petals, painted in a bluish color, reminiscent of worn denim in appearance, since the surface of the petals is evenly strewn with light inclusions. The anthers have a grayish-purple tint.
Ernest Markham
Clematis Ernest Markham is one of the most popular varieties of the Jacquemman group, bred in 1936 and to this day known for its bright crimson inflorescences. This is a perennial vine, the maximum shoot length of which is 3.5 m. This variety of clematis is very frost-resistant and can withstand cold temperatures down to -35 degrees.
The flowering of this vine is quite long, lasting from June to August. The flowers are large, up to 15 cm in diameter, formed by 5 - 6 overlapping velvety, wavy, slightly pointed petals. The stamens are cream-colored.
Optimal growing conditions
Clematis of the Jacquemman group are fast-growing vines. For comfortable growth, they usually require a large amount of light. The place should be protected from the wind, since clematis flowers are so delicate that they cannot withstand its strong gusts.
On light or medium loamy soil, Jacquemand clematis bloom more abundantly and begin earlier. The liana does not take root well in soils that are too acidic or alkaline. You can reduce the acidity of the soil by adding wood ash or dolomite flour to the planting holes. Fresh sawdust or pine needles will help acidify the soil.
Clematis of the Jacqueman group are extremely frost-resistant and suitable for growing in the harsh Russian climate. Depending on the variety, they can withstand frosts from -30 to -40 degrees. Despite this, plants need pruning and good shelter for the winter.
Planting and caring for Jacquemman's clematis
Jacquemman's clematis seedlings can be transplanted to a permanent location in the fall or spring. The timing of planting is significantly influenced by the climatic conditions of the region. In the south, seedlings can be planted in the second half of March or at the end of September. In the north, planting begins in mid-April or late August. The main thing is that the soil is sufficiently warm at the time of planting.
Jacquemin's clematis love spacious places. Therefore, when planting them, it is important to maintain a distance between seedlings of 1 - 1.5 m.Some gardeners recommend digging special roofing felt fences around the planting holes underground to prevent plants from suppressing each other's growth.
Selection and preparation of a landing site
Jacquemin's clematis grow well near arches and arbors, gracefully twining around the proposed supports. They can climb trees and bushes. Some low-growing varieties of Jacquemin's clematis can be grown in a container on the balcony.
A sunny area is suitable for planting in the ground, but the root zone of clematis should be slightly shaded. It is better to choose an elevated place so that long roots do not die due to the proximity of groundwater.
The plant is often planted along buildings so that there is a small indentation from the walls. If you place the bushes too close to the walls, when it rains, water from the roofs will fall on them, which can cause waterlogging of the soil.
First of all, for future Jacquemman clematis bushes you need to prepare a soil mixture, which usually includes the following components:
- humus;
- peat;
- sand;
- superphosphate;
- dolomite flour.
Seedling preparation
As can be seen from the photo and description of the Jacquemant clematis varieties, they all differ greatly in appearance and flowering time. When purchasing seedlings, you should select them taking into account the climatic conditions of the region, with preference given to regionalized varieties. When choosing seedlings, you also need to start from the planned location of their planting. Thus, tall plants are best placed near gazebos and various supports, while shorter ones can even be grown on a balcony.
Shortly before planting, seedlings begin to be prepared:
- Jacquemand clematis seedlings in containers are carefully removed, for which the soil must be moistened abundantly in advance;
- seedlings with an open root system are soaked in warm water for several hours.
Landing rules
The size of the planting holes depends on the volume of the plant's earthen coma. The average recommended dimensions are 60x60x60 cm. At the same time, the distance from fences, walls and other buildings should be at least 30 cm.
Algorithm for planting clematis Jacquemman:
- drain the bottom of the planting holes with broken bricks or small stones;
- secure a support for a plant with a height of at least 2.5 m;
- pour a small amount of soil mixture onto the drainage layer, forming a mound;
- place the seedling in the hole, carefully straightening the roots;
- cover the seedling with the remaining soil mixture, burying the root collar and part of the trunk underground;
- Compact the soil with your hands and water.
Watering and fertilizing
Jacquemin's clematis are quite moisture-loving; they need abundant and regular watering. It is best to do this once a week, pouring 30 - 40 liters of water onto 1 bush, however, in case of drought, the number of waterings is increased to 2 or 3, as necessary. The best time for watering is evening.
In the first year, young clematis seedlings are not fed, since the necessary fertilizers are usually applied during planting. Next year you can start fertilizing the plants. During active growth, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, and when buds are forming, potassium fertilizers are applied. When the flowering process is over, it is recommended to apply phosphorus fertilizer.
Mulching and loosening
The surface of the soil around the clematis bush is regularly loosened. All weeds are removed.Loosening the soil and removing weed improves root access to oxygen.
To allow moisture to evaporate from the soil surface longer after watering, clematis are mulched. Peat is often used as mulch.
Pruning clematis Jacquemman
Clematis of the Jacquemman group bloom on the shoots of the current year. One of the main agrotechnical procedures for plant care is pruning. The bushes are pruned for the first time with the onset of summer. At this time, weak shoots are pruned so that flowering on the main, strong and tall shoots becomes more intense.
Then, in the last days of June, ¼ of the shoots should be cut off, leaving 3 - 4 nodes on them. This procedure will make the flowering process longer. It triggers the formation of new shoots of the second order on the upper bud nodes, which begin to bloom after 40 - 60 days.
In autumn, at the first frost, all shoots must be cut off, leaving only 3 buds, or 20 - 30 cm, above the ground. If such pruning is not carried out, clematis of the Jacquemman group weaken and become depleted, begin to suffer from fungal diseases more often in the spring, do not produce flowers or die altogether .
Preparing for winter
Clematis of the third pruning group for the winter are pruned almost to soil level, so they do not need complex shelter. Most often, such plants are hilled, but the usual addition of soil for the Jacquemman group of clematis will not be enough: it is necessary to completely eliminate the risk of excessive moisture accumulation in the root area.
To do this, each bush is sprinkled with 3 - 4 buckets of peat or dry soil, forming a hill of at least 60 cm.In combination with a layer of snow, such hilling will be sufficient and will provide complete protection for adult plants. If there is little snow during the season, you need to periodically create a snow cover for clematis yourself, adding snow from other areas using a shovel. If there is no snow at all, it is replaced with spruce branches.
Young, immature plants may not have enough such shelter, so they are additionally protected from severe frosts by placing a wooden box on top, sprinkled with leaves and wrapped in burlap.
Reproduction
Clematis of the Jacquemman group can only be propagated by vegetative methods: layering, cuttings and dividing the bush. Seeds of this ornamental plant can only be formed through artificial pollination.
For propagation by cuttings, only young cuttings can be used. They are usually harvested during the active growing season of the plant. The shoots should be elastic and not brittle, but not yet lignified. The strongest branches are cut off and the required number of cuttings with 2 or 3 buds are cut from them. The lower foliage is completely removed from the cuttings, the upper foliage is half cleared.
Before planting, the cutting itself is placed for some time in a solution of a growth stimulator. You need to root cuttings in the beds slightly at an angle. Young seedlings are usually covered with transparent plastic containers or film to create a greenhouse effect.
Clematis Jacquemand is propagated by layering in the spring. To do this, healthy side shoots of an adult bush are placed in dug grooves of medium depth and secured with wire. The layering is sprinkled with earth on top, leaving only 20 - 30 cm of the top free. Further, they need the same care as the entire bush.The cuttings are separated from the mother plant only next spring.
Only Jacquemin's clematis over the age of 6 years can be divided. Divide the bushes in early spring, before the plant enters the growing season. To do this, adult clematis are carefully dug up, trying not to damage the roots. The dug up bush is placed on the litter, the roots are shaken off the ground. Using a knife, the root system is divided into the required number of parts, evenly distributing healthy buds and roots between them.
Diseases and pests
Jacquemin's clematis can be affected by fungal diseases such as rust, powdery mildew, septoria and ascochyta blight. To prevent the occurrence of these diseases, it is recommended to spray the plants with a solution of foundationazole at the rate of 20 g per 10 liters of water. This must be done in the fall, before covering the bushes, or in the spring, with the onset of the first thaw.
The fungal disease wilt, which causes wilting of shoots, is considered extremely dangerous for Clematis Jacquemand. If signs of wilt are detected, the affected shoots should be removed as soon as possible. The soil around the bush needs to be dug up to 3 cm, the above-ground part should be cut off. Burn all cut parts. If this disease is detected in time, the lower dormant buds will still be able to produce healthy shoots.
Conclusion
Clematis Jacquemant is a group of varieties ideal for growing in the climatic conditions of Russia. Thanks to its high frost resistance and strong autumn pruning, the plant takes root well even in the cold regions of Siberia.
