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Grain crops occupy large areas. Without them, the production of cereals, bread and flour is impossible. They form the basis of animal feed. It is very important to protect them from diseases and reap a decent harvest, creating food reserves. Fungicides help with this.
Why are fungicides needed?
Most often, cereal crops are damaged by parasitic fungi. Not only does the harvest decrease, but the grain becomes poisonous to humans, causing serious illness and poisoning. The following diseases are considered the most dangerous.
- Smut. It is caused by basidiomycetes. They affect rye, wheat, barley, millet, and oats. With severe damage, the crop is almost completely lost.
- Ergot. Caused by fungi from the genus Ascomycetes. Instead of grains, black and purple horns are formed on the ears, which are sclerotia of the fungus. If such grain gets into food, it causes serious poisoning, sometimes even fatal.
In Europe and Russia there were many cases of diseases, which sometimes took the form of epidemics. - Fusarium. Caused by fungi of the genus fusarium. It can be distinguished by a pink coating, which is mycelium.Bread baked from grain affected by fusarium is called drunken, as it causes poisoning similar to intoxication.
- Rust. It does not affect the grain itself, but significantly harms all vegetative organs of cereal crops. The process of photosynthesis in them slows down and a good harvest cannot be expected.
- Root rot. Outwardly, they are almost invisible, but they harm plants from the cereal family very much. Root rot is caused by the same fungi.
There are many other diseases of cereal crops that are fungal in nature.
Fungicides will help cope with fungal diseases.
Kinds
These antifungal substances are classified according to their mode of action. Important! When choosing a fungicide, you need to remember that fungi are found not only on the surface of the plant, but also inside it.
- Contact. They are unable to either penetrate the plant or spread throughout it. Contact fungicides are effective only at the point of application. They are easily washed off by precipitation and will require repeated re-treatment of the plants. They are less dangerous for humans than systemic fungicides.
- Systemic fungicides. They are able to penetrate inside the plant and spread through the vessels. Their effect is quite long-lasting, but the harm to humans is much greater. In order for grain treated with a systemic fungicide to become safe, the drug must be deactivated. Most often this period is up to 2 months.
Composition and properties of the drug Triad
The new drug Triad, created using nanotechnology, belongs to systemic fungicides. It is produced by the closed joint stock company Agrokhim in the city of Shchelkovo. The drug was registered at the very end of 2015.
This fungicide has a telling name.The triad consists of 3 main active components:
- propiconazole at a concentration of 140 g per liter;
- tebuconazole at a concentration of 140 g/l;
- epoxiconazole at a concentration of 72 g/l.
Nano-formulation of 3 triazoles made it possible to create a drug with unique fungicidal and growth-stimulating properties.
- Fungicide Triad enhances photosynthesis processes in plants.
- The conductivity of blood vessels improves, which improves the flow of nutrition from the root system to the leaf apparatus.
- The balance of growth hormones is normalized, which accelerates the movement of nutrients to vegetative organs.
- The root system and vegetative mass grow better.
- The growing season is increasing
- The grain ripens faster and has better quality.
- The harvest increases.
- The adaptability of plants to unfavorable climatic and weather factors improves.
- The drug adheres perfectly to the leaves and is resistant to washing off.
- There is no resistance to the fungicide Triad.
- The colloidal formulation is perfectly absorbed by all vegetative parts of the plant, quickly spreading throughout them. Thanks to this, it is possible to destroy pathogenic bacteria and fungi even inside seeds and grains.
Mechanism of action
Triazoles inhibit the biosynthesis of styrenes, reducing the cellular permeability of the pathogen membrane. The cells stop reproducing because they cannot build membranes, and the pathogen dies.
What diseases is it active against?
The triad is used for processing barley, spring and winter wheat, rye and soybeans. The drug is effective for the following fungal diseases:
- powdery mildew;
- all types of rust;
- septoria;
- rhynchosporiasis;
- various spots.
How and when to treat
The triad fungicide, the instructions for use of which are quite simple, does not require a large number of treatments. For fusarium head blight, wheat is sprayed at the end of heading or at the beginning of flowering. From 200 to 300 liters of working fluid are consumed per hectare. To prepare it you will need only 0.6 liters of Triad fungicide. One treatment is enough.
For all other fungal diseases, grain crops are sprayed with Triad fungicide during the growing season; one hectare of crops will require from 200 to 400 liters of working fluid. To prepare it, you will need to use 0.5 to 0.6 liters of fungicide. Frequency of processing – 2 times. A month must pass before harvesting from the last spraying.
Soybeans are treated once in the budding phase or at the beginning of flowering, using 200 to 400 liters of working fluid per hectare, prepared from 0.5-0.6 liters of Triad fungicide.
A calm day without rain is suitable for processing. The temperature range in which the Triad is effective is from 10 to 25 degrees Celsius.
The protective effect of the fungicide Triad on all crops is 40 days.
Release form
Triad fungicide is produced in polyethylene canisters with a capacity of 5 and 10 liters. The drug can be stored for 3 years in a special room designed for storing fungicides and pesticides.The temperature in it should not be lower than minus 10 degrees and higher than plus 35 degrees.
What drugs can be combined with
Triad fungicide provides good effectiveness even without additional means of protection. If necessary, you can make tank mixtures with other fungicides. Before this, it is necessary to check them for physical and chemical compatibility.
The use of Triad fungicide requires compliance with all precautions:
- you need to wear special clothing and gloves;
- use a respirator;
- do not eat or smoke during treatment;
- after it, rinse your mouth and wash your hands and face with soap.
Advantages
With a low concentration of active ingredients, the drug has a number of advantages.
- Thanks to propiconazole, the number of chloroplasts in grain crops increases, and the quality of chlorophyll improves, which increases photosynthesis and promotes the growth of vegetative mass.
- Tebuconazole inhibits the production of ethylene in the leaf apparatus, thereby prolonging the growing season.
- Epoxiconazole acts most quickly, stopping the progression of the disease. It enhances the effectiveness of other azoles. It is his merit in increasing the resistance of grain crops to stressful situations. They tolerate drought without problems. Epoxiconazole stimulates photosynthesis in plants, the flow of juices through the vessels, increasing the amount of growth hormones. As a result, this increases the yield.
The advantages of the drug also include the fact that fungal organisms do not get used to it.
The price of the drug Triad is quite high, due to the complexity of production and the technologies used. However, many large farms are switching to its use. The reason is the highest effectiveness of the fungicide.
