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For the first time, domestic breeders became interested in growing bell peppers in the early 60s of the last century. During the Soviet Union, sweet pepper varieties grew only in the territories of the Moldavian and Ukrainian republics, so Russian gardeners selected seeds and tried to grow a crop from vegetables purchased at markets.
Today, selection offers a wide range of varieties and hybrids for central Russia, Siberia and the Urals. However, given the fact that bell pepper is a crop with a fairly long ripening period, farmers offer special high varieties for the northern regions that grow well in greenhouses and open ground. The plants are powerful stems, from one to one and a half meters high, with dense foliage, resistant to cold weather and characterized by high yield. Tall varieties of pepper can produce up to 10-12 kg of harvest when fully ripe.
Growing tall peppers in greenhouses
Even if your greenhouse is well equipped for early growing of pepper, do not forget that this is a heat-loving crop that requires regular watering and additional nutrition.In addition, tall peppers require gartering of branches, and for this in closed ground conditions it is necessary to install additional supports or a lattice mesh.
Specially bred sweet pepper varieties for growing in different climatic conditions - this is Orange Miracle, Nochka and Winnie the Pooh. On the shelves of shops and markets you can find planting material of varieties Victoria, Othello, Health and Elephant, which are also suitable for greenhouses and greenhouses, but require some additional growing conditions.
Even in conditions of round-the-clock air heating and good lighting, greenhouse varieties of tall peppers have individual growth and growing seasons and produce stable and tasty harvests with regular watering and fertilizing.
The only criteria for a stable harvest, characteristic of all varieties of tall peppers, are the conditions for planting them:
- It is necessary to begin sowing planting material and growing seedlings in March, at the first signs that the air temperature has begun to rise and there will no longer be a downward trend;
- Seeds are prepared for planting, disinfected and pecked, and then placed in planting containers or specially prepared boxes. Fertile black soil or moistened compost is used as planting soil. Tall sweet peppers are sensitive to low nutrient levels in the soil;
- If planting material is planted in boxes, observe the following norm: the hatched grains are placed into the ground at a distance of at least 2 cm;
- Growing seedlings also requires a certain temperature regime - it should not be less than 22-230WITH.
Before transferring seedlings to greenhouse conditions, you need to prepare the soil. The substrate in the beds should be at least 25-30 cm thick. If the variety of tall sweet pepper you have chosen requires feeding with organic fertilizers, add them in small quantities.
The seedlings are transferred to 55-60 days after the seed has been pecked, when the pepper bush has gained a height of 25-30 cm. Tall varieties, with appropriate hardening and germination of the planting material, quickly produce additional leaves. By the time the plant is transferred to a greenhouse or greenhouse, there must be at least 5 leaves on the stem.
During the growth process, tall varieties of sweet bell peppers are tied up or supported with wooden supports. At the same time, the bush is constantly dived, leaving the strongest and healthiest shoot.
A prerequisite for growing tall varieties of peppers is regular loosening of the soil. In order for the root of a plant to be strong and healthy, it must be supplied with oxygen. Compacted soil will interfere with this.
Variety and best varieties of tall peppers
Merchant
This variety of tall pepper is an early ripening variety and is planted not only in greenhouses, but also in open ground. “Merchant” is a high-yielding variety with pyramidal-shaped fruits. The growing season begins 95-100 days from the first shoots. The height of the bush at the time of growth stop can reach 120 cm.The skin of the fruit is dense, pinkish-red in color. The weight of a fully ripe pepper does not exceed 130-150 grams. Up to 4-5 kg of pepper is harvested from one bush in greenhouses, and up to four kilograms in open ground conditions.
Atlant
An early variety of tall pepper with a bush height of slightly more than one meter. The growing season begins on days 100-105 with the first shoots. Distinctive features of the Atlant variety are spreading branches and leaves, which require staking and early picking to form the plant. During the ripening period, the pepper has a regular cone shape, the skin is dense, with a thickness of up to 8 mm. The fruits have a rich red hue; the average weight of one pepper can reach up to 150 grams. About 6 kg of crop is harvested from one bush.
Orange miracle
A productive tall variety of sweet pepper, intended for growing in glass and film shelters, and in the southern regions - in open garden beds. The first fruits can be harvested already on the 100th day from the start of the planting material. The bush is powerful, branched, height – up to one meter. The fruits are a beautiful orange color with thick (up to 1 cm) and very juicy sweetish pulp. The average weight of one such pepper can reach up to 300 g.
A distinctive feature of the Orange Miracle variety is its high resistance to watermelon and tobacco mosaic viruses. Pepper has a sweet, rich taste and tolerates long-term transportation well. During the harvest period, up to twelve kilograms of fruit can be removed from one bush.
California miracle
Mid-early tall variety of sweet pepper for growing in greenhouses. The fruiting period begins 100-110 days after sowing the seeds for seedlings.The fruits are universal, have a delicate, slightly sweet taste, and are suitable for fresh consumption, canning, and thermal processing. When fully ripe, the cube-shaped fruits reach a weight of two hundred grams. In greenhouse conditions, up to 5-6 kg of crop is harvested from one bush.
A distinctive feature of the “California Miracle” variety is that to obtain favorable yields, peppers are fed with mineral and nitrogen fertilizers throughout the fruiting period.
Miracle Tree F1
This unique variety, bred by breeders, really gains the height of a small tree during the growth period. The height of an adult plant reaches 1.6-1.8 m. The hybrid is an early ripening one, and when grown in greenhouses it produces the first fruits already 90-95 days after the appearance of the first shoots. The fruits themselves are small in size, bright red in color, prismatic in shape, and have excellent taste. The skin is dense, smooth, wall thickness is 6-7 mm, with an average weight of 120-150 g.
Distinctive features of the “Miracle Tree” variety are that this sweet pepper has enviable resistance to putrefactive and fungal diseases. The harvest ripens almost at the same time. From one bush you can collect up to 5-6 kg of juicy fruits.
Cockatoo
A tall variety of sweet pepper with a truly gigantic fruit length - up to 25-28 cm. One such pepper at full maturity can weigh up to 400-500 grams. Long sweet beauties, slightly curved in shape, reminiscent of a cockatoo’s beak, are used for culinary processing, preservation and fresh consumption. The growing season begins 100-105 days after the first shoots. From one bush, 1.3-1.5 meters high, up to 5 kg of fruits are harvested during the harvest season.
A distinctive feature of the variety is that the plant needs a lot of sunlight. That is why “Kakadu” is grown in greenhouses equipped with round-the-clock lighting or in open ground in the southern regions of Russia. The variety is resistant to watermelon and tobacco mosaic diseases, fungal and viral diseases.
Hercules
Among the tall varieties of sweet Bulgarian pepper "Hercules" considered the lowest. The height of the bush during the period of complete growth stop is up to 1 m. Despite this, the bush has a powerful stem and a strong root system. The fruits are cube-shaped, with thick, sweetish skin and wall thickness up to 8-10 mm. The average weight of one fully ripe pepper reaches 200 grams.
Distinctive features of the variety - with a low yield (3-4 kg per bush), this variety has fairly high commercial qualities, is resistant to long-term transportation and storage, and tolerates freezing well.
Chord
A variety of tall sweet pepper, intended for growing in greenhouses and open ground. The height of the bush during the period of growth arrest reaches 1-1.2 m. The fruits have a bright red color and an even cone shape. The skin is tender, the wall thickness is 6-7 mm. During the period of full ripening, the weight of one pepper can reach 200-220 grams. The plant is resistant to viral and fungal diseases and tolerates slight fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Up to 5 kg of pepper is harvested from one bush and used for preservation and cooking.
Claudio
A hybrid of Dutch selection with an average growing season. The height of the bush is 1.2-1.3 m. The first harvests are harvested on days 110-115. The weight of one pepper during the ripening period reaches two hundred and seventy grams.The fruits are colored bright red and have an even cone shape. The hybrid is a universal one, used for canning, and is highly resistant to maintaining its presentation during long-term storage and transportation. "Claudio" - one of high-yielding tall pepper hybrids. From one bush, when grown in greenhouse conditions, gardeners harvest up to ten kilograms of crop.
Latino
A hybrid that has proven itself when grown in the southern regions in open ground. The first fruit is harvested already on the one hundred and fifth day after emergence. The elastic and juicy skin is painted a beautiful red color. The shape of the fruit is cuboid. With a small size, “Latino” can weigh up to 220 grams, since the wall thickness during the ripening period reaches ten millimeters. The height of the bush is slightly higher than one meter, while the yield during the growing season can be up to ten kilograms.
Cornet
An early-ripening variety of tall pepper with an unusual brown fruit color. Designed for cultivation in greenhouses and greenhouses, in open areas only for the southern regions of Russia. The growing season begins on the hundredth day after the seed hatches. The pepper is cone-shaped; the ripe fruit can weigh up to two hundred and thirty grams.
Distinctive features of the variety are high resistance to diseases characteristic of the crop, stable strong ovary of inflorescences, stable yield. From one Cornet bush, up to ten kilograms of juicy fruits, rich in vitamin C and carotene, are harvested.
Feeding tall pepper varieties
Varieties and hybrids of sweet peppers with long stems require regular feeding, even if they grow in well-lit and heated greenhouses.
Immediately after transferring the seedlings to the beds, tall peppers must be given mineral fertilizer. It has a good effect on the formation of the plant, activates its growth and accelerates the appearance of ovaries. The first such feeding is carried out 9-10 days after planting the seedlings.
During the fruiting period, starting from the first formation of the fruit, feed the pepper with organic fertilizers. This will increase the yield and form equally beautiful and juicy fruits. At the same time, the plant really needs potassium and phosphorus.
What and how to feed tall varieties of sweet peppers is decided by the gardener himself. Some farmers are inclined only in favor of organic nutrition, while others prefer mineral elements.
