Content
Properly and timely feeding of peas in open ground means ensuring good growth and development for them, and a high yield with excellent taste characteristics. Different types of fertilizers are used for crops. It is important to follow the timing, dosage, and safety rules.
Rules for feeding peas in open ground
Proper application of fertilizers is important for any crop. When feeding peas you need to follow these rules:
- When sowing, use water-soluble compounds.
- After planting in open ground, do not fertilize for at least two weeks. This period is spent adapting the culture in a new place.
- When using fertilizer solutions, it is important to water the peas thoroughly beforehand. This measure prevents burns to the root system.
- It is better to plan foliar feeding in the evening, when the sun's activity ends. If the day is cloudy, work can be done early in the morning.
- Do not exceed recommended dosages. Highly concentrated fertilizers can cause burns to the root system and above-ground parts of plants.
- Use nitrogen sparingly.If there is an excess of it, nitrates accumulate in fruits, reducing shelf life.
- Organic fertilizers should not be applied to plants, otherwise the risk of excess biomass and root rot increases.
Peas themselves act as a fertilizer for other plants, enriching the soil with nitrogen compounds
Fertilizers for peas in the garden before planting
The need to fertilize peas before planting depends on the preparation of the site in the fall. If the soil is fertile and slightly acidic, then when digging, add a potassium-phosphorus complex per 1 m²:
- potassium salt 30 g;
- superphosphate 60 g.
In the spring, the ground is dug up again and 10 g of saltpeter is added per 1 m². In addition to fertilizing the soil, the seeds are treated before planting. Effectively use micro- and macroelements:
- molybdenum;
- iodine;
- iron;
- manganese;
- copper;
- cobalt.
Types of fertilizers for peas
Peas are an unpretentious crop, which is why some gardeners, when growing on fertile soil, do without fertilizing. In fact, the plant is demanding on the composition of the soil. If there is a shortage of certain elements, its condition and the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the crop may suffer.
Organic fertilizers
Many experts do not recommend using organics for peas. They bring it under the previous crop.
Popular options are:
- green manure;
- manure;
- bird droppings;
- peat;
- compost.
Potassium-phosphorus fertilizers for peas
Peas absorb phosphorus intensively. The element has several important tasks:
- stimulation of root system growth;
- increased activity of nodule bacteria;
- reducing the harmful effects of excess nitrogen.
Potassium is important for phosphorus metabolism in the crop nutrition system. A sufficient amount of the element provides the following benefits:
- increasing drought resistance;
- strengthening immunity to diseases;
- improvement of metabolism.
With a lack of potassium, the tissues of old leaves begin to die.
Excess potassium is fraught with accelerated formation and maturation, short stature of plants, and crushing of beans
Microelements
Microelements influence the speed of various processes in plant life. Their shortage will not destroy the crop, but can reduce the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the crop.
One of the most important elements for peas is molybdenum. Its significance is great:
- regulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrocarbon metabolism;
- neutralization of nitrates;
- influence on the rate of redox processes;
- impact on the formation of chlorophyll, the production of vitamins.
A lack of molybdenum negatively affects metabolic processes and slows down the synthesis of proteins and amino acids. As a result, the yield and its quality decrease. Fertilizer is applied in the form of ammonium molybdate or sodium ammonium or molybdenated superphosphate.
Another important microelement for peas is manganese. He has several tasks:
- activation of enzymes;
- promoting the synthesis of vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins;
- participation in respiration, photosynthesis, protein-carbohydrate metabolism.
With a deficiency of manganese, the color of pea leaves becomes lighter and dead areas appear.The crop is more susceptible to chlorosis; the root system does not fully develop.
Boron is important for peas, which, together with manganese, catalyzes photosynthesis reactions. The element is necessary for the culture throughout its entire life cycle.
Copper is one of the most important microelements for peas. More often it is used in the form of copper sulfate. The role of the substance is:
- participation in photosynthesis;
- regulation of protein transport;
- doubling the phosphorus and nitrogen content;
- protection of chlorophyll from destruction.
Copper serves not only as a fertilizer, but also as a means for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.
Bacterial
The use of microorganisms when growing peas contributes to its nutrition. The following options are popular:
- Agrophil;
- Rizoagrin;
- Mizorin;
- Rizotorfin;
- Flavobacterin.
The bacteria for such fertilizers are usually isolated from the roots of healthy plants. The drugs act comprehensively, stimulating growth and development, improving nutrition and moisture exchange, and increasing immunity.
You can use bacterial preparations to poison the seeds or feed the peas in June or other months. The dosage depends on the season and purpose of use.
Terms of fertilizing
Opinions on the timing of fertilizing vary. The famous candidate of agricultural sciences Oktyabrina Ganechkina advises using fertilizers twice:
- during flowering;
- when the first spatulas appear.
Nitrogen fertilizers for feeding peas in the spring are applied before sowing. Urea (grade B urea) is usually used.
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied to peas in the fall before digging. If this stage is missed, then it can be done in the spring, but the effectiveness will decrease by 30-50%.
Fertilizer application methods and dosage
Feeding peas during flowering and fruiting is carried out by the root or foliar method. In addition to these methods, a distinction is made between pre- and pre-sowing fertilizer application. The features of their use depend on the chosen form of the substances.
Name of fertilizer | Method of application | Dosage per 1 m² |
Liquid organics | Root, use a watering can without a strainer | 3 liters of solution, prepare from 1 tbsp. l. per bucket |
Nitroammofoska | When watering, it must be dissolved in water. | 1 tbsp. l. for 10 l |
Ammonium molybdate | In the soil before sowing or in the rows during it | 0.02-0.03 g |
Manganese sludge | 3 g | |
Boron (borax) | 0.03-0.06 g | |
Copper sulfate | 1-2.5 g | |
Boric acid | Spraying seeds | Per 100 g of seeds 10 mg in 1 liter of water |
Urea | For spring digging | 2-12 g |
Nitrogen fertilizers in granules | Apply before abundant watering when plants reach 5-8 cm | 20 g |
When sowing, the compositions are applied in dry form. It is more convenient to make grooves for planting rather than holes. After placing the fertilizer, you need to cover it with soil. Minimum layer 2 cm.
When planting, fertilizers can be applied not in the same furrow where the seeds are sown, but in an additional one - make it at a distance of 2 cm
It is allowed to fertilize peas in open ground using folk remedies:
- When shoots appear, use a green infusion of nettles and dandelions.
- To stimulate growth, yeast 1:20, infusions of wormwood, chamomile, yarrow, shepherd's purse. Dry the plants, chop them, add a handful to 1 liter of warm water, leave for a week. Use as a spray.
- Feeding peas with ash.This fertilizer is saturated with magnesium salts, a glass per 1 m² is enough. Ash is also useful for acidic soil conditions. It is applied in the fall, 0.3 kg per 1 m².
- Mullein. Dilute in ten parts of water. Use at the beginning of flowering, and again during mass formation of beans.
It is better to feed peas during flowering with liquid fertilizers.
Safety regulations
When feeding peas, it is important to remember not only the rules for applying compounds, but also safety.
Basic moments:
- Use personal protection. Closed clothing and gloves are required. If you apply fertilizers in the form of sprays, protect yourself with a respirator or mask.
- After finishing working with fertilizers, wash your hands and face thoroughly. Use soap.
- Do not exceed the recommended dosage. This can be harmful not only for culture, but also for humans and the environment.
- When applying fertilizing, avoid weeding and loosening the soil.
- Do not store fertilizers near food, drinking water, clean clothes, or hygiene items.
An important point is proper storage of fertilizers. If its conditions are violated, the effectiveness of the composition may be lost and its properties may change. When purchasing, be sure to study the instructions and other recommendations on the package.
Conclusion
With proper preparation of the site in the fall, it is enough to feed the peas in the open ground twice during the season, since the crop is undemanding to growing conditions. She needs some microelements, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. It is important not to overuse fertilizers, follow the rules for their application and safe use.
