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The risky farming zone dictates its requirements for tomato varieties grown in open ground. They must be early or ultra-early, adapt well to changeable weather conditions, and be resistant to disease. It is desirable that they are well stored and transported over long distances, and the taste does not disappoint. Breeders put a lot of effort into developing varieties that meet all these requirements. Among them is Vladimir Ivanovich Kozak. Over his 46 years of work, he has developed many tomato varieties based on wild currant tomatoes, which give the plants resistance to diseases and excellent adaptation to any climatic adversity. One of these varieties is Yamal 200, reviews from those who planted it were only positive.
Let’s take a closer look at the description and characteristics of the variety, look at photos of the fruits, and find out the peculiarities of cultivation.
Description and characteristics
The tomato variety Yamal 200 was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2007 and is recommended for cultivation in all regions.
The tomato is intended for growing in open ground and under temporary film covers.
In terms of ripening time, it is classified as early; the first fruits begin to ripen after 95 days. In cool summers it can manifest itself as a mid-early plant and produces the first ripe fruits after 100 days. It is distinguished by the friendly yield of the harvest - a considerable part of it is harvested already in the first ten days. The originator of the variety V.I. Kozak advises picking fruits at ripeness, then the yield of Yamal tomato increases. With good care, it reaches 4.6 kg per square meter. m. For this variety, it is recommended to plant according to two schemes: 40x70 and 50x60 cm. In this case, the spreading bushes have enough space and are well ventilated.
The Yamal tomato bush is a strong standard bush, characterized by a small height - only 50 cm. It does not need to be formed or pinched, but it is advisable to tie up the central stem. The leaves of this tomato variety are medium in size. The bush is not very leafy, the fruits are perfectly illuminated by the sun.
Fruit characteristics
- The shape of the tomato fruit of the Yamal variety is flat-round with slightly pronounced ribs;
- the color is bright, red with shine, the aroma is pronounced tomato;
- the first fruits can weigh up to 200g, the subsequent ones will be slightly smaller;
- The Yamal variety of tomato has a slightly sour taste, which often happens with early varieties, but it is truly tomato-like;
- the skin is quite dense, so Yamal tomatoes are well stored and transported without loss of quality;
- Initially, the variety was intended for whole-fruit canning, but, according to reviews from those who planted it, it is also very good in salad.
A description of the Yamal tomato variety would be incomplete without mentioning its resistance to diseases, in particular late blight.
There are Yamal tomato seeds on sale without the number 200 in the name. In general, the description of the Yamal tomato variety coincides with that for Yamal 200, but the fruits of the first variety are smaller in size - only up to 100 g. According to gardeners, their taste is very good. These tomatoes set in any summer, even rains are not a hindrance to them. The agricultural technology of Yamal and Yamal 200 tomatoes has its own characteristics.
Tomato care
Tomatoes can be grown either in seedlings or without seedlings. In the case of the Yamal tomato, the seedless method will not allow the plants to fully realize their yield potential, so you will have to grow seedlings.
Growing seedlings
The timing of sowing Yamal tomato seeds for seedlings is determined based on the fact that at the time of planting, young plants must be 45 days old and have from 5 to 7 true leaves.
To grow strong and stocky tomato seedlings Yamal and Yamal 200, you need to observe the correct light, temperature and watering conditions, but first properly prepare the seeds.
They are pickled in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, washed and soaked in a solution of a growth stimulator. Soaking time is about 12 hours. During this time, the seeds will swell and should be sown immediately in pre-prepared soil.
As a soil for sowing, Vladimir Ivanovich Kozak recommends a mixture of turf soil, humus and sand in a ratio of 4:8:1. To disinfect, spill the soil with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.Sow seeds only in warm, moist soil. Its temperature should not be less than + 20 degrees. Sow to a depth of 1 cm with a distance between rows of 3 cm, and about 1 cm in a row. The container with the crops is covered with a plastic bag and placed in a warm place until the first shoots appear. After this, the bag is removed and the seedlings are placed on a well-lit windowsill. The temperature at this time is maintained within 12 degrees at night and 15 degrees during the day. After 4 days, they switch to the standard temperature regime: at night - 14 degrees, during the day 17 in cloudy weather and 21-23 in clear weather.
Water Yamal tomato seedlings moderately, only when the top layer of soil dries out.
Before picking, which is carried out in the phase of 2 true leaves, transferring the seedlings into separate containers using a teaspoon, the seedlings are not fed. In the future, once a week, watering is combined with fertilizing with mineral fertilizers with a predominance of potassium over nitrogen.
Transplanting
It is carried out when the threat of return spring frosts has passed, and the soil temperature has warmed up to + 15 degrees. Before planting, Yamal tomato seedlings are hardened off for 1 or 2 weeks, as weather permits. The soil for tomatoes is prepared in the fall, filling it well with rotted manure or compost - a bucket per square meter. m. 70-80 g of superphosphate are added to the same area. Nitrogen fertilizers and ash are incorporated into the soil in early spring during harrowing.
The holes are dug in such a way that there is room for the tomato root system.When watering, the drug phytosporin is added to the water - this is the first preventive treatment against late blight.
Well-watered Yamal tomato seedlings are slightly hilled and sprinkled with dry soil. Plants provide shade. During the first week they are watered only if it is very hot and the tomatoes have been planted. In the future, watering should be regular - once a week, no later than 3 hours before sunset. The water must have a temperature of at least 20 degrees. With the onset of flowering, water the tomatoes more often - up to 2 times a week, and in dry and hot weather, every 2 days. After the crop is fully formed, watering is reduced.
Tomatoes are fed 2 weeks after planting with complete mineral fertilizer with microelements. Then fertilizing is repeated every 10-15 days depending on soil fertility.
Yamal tomato requires double hilling with moist soil. This strengthens the root system, thereby increasing the yield.
This tomato does not need shaping, but if you want to get an early harvest, you can remove the stepsons below the first flower cluster, however, the number of fruits in this case will be less.
Since the Yamal tomato is grown in open ground, timely preventive treatments of plants against late blight and other fungal diseases are necessary. At the first stage of cultivation, you can use chemical protection agents. In the future, one should switch to biological and traditional methods of combating these dangerous diseases: phytosporin, boric acid, iodine, whey.
Famous tomato expert Valery Medvedev tells more about the Yamal tomato
