Content
All varieties of red cabbage are frost-resistant, they can be cultivated in open ground in all climatic zones, except for the Far North, where cultivation is possible only in greenhouses. For better performance in temperate climates, domestically bred varieties adapted to a specific region are chosen.
General description of red cabbage
Due to their rich chemical composition, the nutritional value of varieties with purple and red leaves is higher than that of white cabbage varieties.
Varieties of the vegetable variety began to be grown in Europe, at first it was a feed source for livestock, then the unusually colored crop appeared on the menu. In its structure and structure, red cabbage is not much different from white cabbage.
What it looks like:
- The head of cabbage consists of a stem (stalk) covered with tightly twisted leaves covered with a waxy coating.
- Forks, depending on the variety, are shaped from 400 g to 3.5 kg.
- The structure of the head of cabbage is elastic, dense, the leaves are tougher and thicker than those of white varieties, which increases the shelf life (up to 7 months) and the possibility of long-distance transportation.
- The shape of the fork was initially round; later oval, conical, and flattened hybrids appeared.
The leaves of cabbage varieties are purple, red, and blue. Anthocyanins located in the cells are responsible for color. The color of the same variety may differ depending on the composition of the soil.
In an acidic environment the head will have shades of red, in a neutral one it will have a predominance of green, and an alkaline one will give the head a blue-violet color. The taste of red cabbage is lower than that of white cabbage; the presence of glucosinolates adds bitterness to it.
The chemical composition is rich in vitamins B, C, PP, mineral compounds, micro and macroelements, fiber. In cooking it is used for salads, side dishes, and is suitable for pickling for the winter.
Varieties of red cabbage with photos and names
In the process of growing the crop, the best varieties were isolated and new hybrids were created, differing in appearance and ripening period. Red cabbage is early; varieties ripen within 2.5 months after planting material is placed in the ground. Medium varieties are ready for consumption within 120 days; they are especially popular in central Russia. Late ones ripen four months after planting the material. Below are the most popular varieties and hybrids of red and purple cabbage with names and general characteristics.
Pallet
Pallet – late variety, frost-resistant, moisture-loving.One of the few varieties of red cabbage that is prone to cracking on the forks, although it does not have sufficient juiciness. The priority is sweet taste with a complete absence of bitterness. The head is dense, round, dark purple. Weight – 1.5-1.7 kg. Within four months it does not lose its presentation.
The pallet is suitable for pickling and side dishes
Calibros
Purple cabbage Kalibros, also called Kalibos, is a variety of Czech breeders. In the State Register of Russia since 1997. Hybrid of medium ripening period, yield 600 c/ha.
Characteristics of red cabbage Calibros:
- plant height – 40 cm, diameter – 70 cm;
- the inner leaves are slightly concave, dark burgundy, broadly elliptical, with a waxy coating;
- outer stalk – 35 cm, inner – 15 cm;
- cone-shaped heads of cabbage weighing up to 2 kg, purple color predominates in the section;
- the forks are dense, juicy, bitterness is present due to a lack of moisture.
The variety is frost-resistant, seedlings can withstand -30 C, ripe heads of cabbage -50 C. The culture is moisture-loving, drought resistance is low, cabbage is not prone to cracking. The variety does not get sick, the main threat is from cutworm pests, aphids, and whiteflies.
Does not tolerate drought, with a lack of moisture, the heads of cabbage are formed smaller, the taste is bitter
Stone head
Stone head is a mid-season, high-yielding red cabbage with high immunity. The variety is practically disease free.
External characteristics:
- the head of cabbage is oval, juicy, dense;
- rosette color is red-violet;
- weight – 3.5 kg;
- good taste.
It can be stored for a long time and is used in cooking for salads.
Stone head is the most common variety on farms and is suitable for mechanized harvesting
Nurima F1
Nurima F1 is an ultra-early variety of Dutch selection, ripens in 2.5 months. In temperate climates, seedlings are planted under film, the material is removed when spring frosts have passed; the cold resistance of this red cabbage is low.
The cabbage rosette is compact and the plant is low-growing. The heads of cabbage are purple, round, weighing no more than 1.2 kg.
The structure of the fork is dense and juicy, the Nurima F1 hybrid is classified as a salad variety, not suitable for pickling
Primero F1
Primero F1 (Primero F1) is an early ripening cabbage of Dutch selection; in the spring, when planting the planting material in a greenhouse, two crops can be harvested. A red-headed hybrid with good taste, juicy, short shelf life, not suitable for winter harvesting. The variety is moisture-loving and does not crack. The fork is round-oval, bluish-blue with a pronounced bloom, juicy, elastic. The variety is transportable and recommended for cultivation for commercial purposes.
With optimal watering, the fork grows up to 2 kg.
Langedijker late
The red cabbage variety from Germany is Langedijker late, one of the later to ripen. Planting material is not afraid of spring frosts, does not get sick, and is not affected by pests. Characterized by high drought resistance.
Characteristic:
- round forks, weight up to 3.5 kg;
- the head is very dense with pale purple leaves;
- keeping quality – 6 months;
- resists mechanical damage well.
The leaves are juicy with soft veins and used in vegetable cuts and salads.
The variety is not suitable for pickling; the product becomes soft, without a characteristic crunch
Topaz
The Topaz variety has a growing season between early and middle. Forks weighing up to 1.5 kg ripen in 100-105 days.A red-headed variety with high immunity, frost-resistant, not prone to cracking, and does not tolerate drought. One of the productive varieties of domestic selection. The head of cabbage is roundly flattened, dark purple in color, dense, juicy.
Topaz is consumed raw, fermented, and preserved for the winter.
Autoro F1
Autoro F1 (Autoro F1) is a mid-season red cabbage hybrid from Holland with high frost resistance, drought and moisture resistance, and stable yield.
Characteristics of the variety:
- elliptical forks, weighing up to 2 kg;
- leaves are tender, pale red with purple veins;
- the structure is elastic, juicy;
- There is a piquant bitterness in the taste.
Transportable, shelf life - 110 days.
Used fresh in cooking; not suitable for canning or pickling.
Worox F1
Vorox F1 is a mid-early hybrid from Germany. It has been grown in Russia since 1994 and is included in the State Register. Productivity is above average. Subject to compliance with agricultural technology from 1 m2 take 6 kg.
What red cabbage Vorox F1 looks like:
- the socket is low;
- the outer leaves are large, concave, with a pronounced bloom;
- head of cabbage is pale purple;
- elliptical shape, not completely covered, weighs up to 3 kg;
- The structure inside the fork is dense and juicy.
Shelf life 3-4 months. Vorox F1 is resistant to mechanical stress.
Hybrid with high nutritional value, recommended for fresh consumption
Mikhnevskaya
Mikhnevskaya is one of the old varieties, bred on the basis of the plant growing research institute in Moscow (MOVIR). After experimental cultivation (1973) it was included in the State Register. A variety of red cabbage with an average period for the fruits to reach biological ripeness. Productivity within 7 kg per 1 m2. The head of cabbage is dense, round – 2.5-3 kg.The leaves are burgundy with a slight purple tint.
Mikhnovskaya is transportable, shelf-stable, cabbage can be stored for 5 months
Rodima F1
Rodima F1 – Dutch red cabbage. Approved for cultivation in Russia since 1996. The hybrid is moisture-loving and does not crack. With a lack of moisture, the forks are formed smaller and the juiciness decreases.
Description:
- raised socket;
- the outer leaves are large green, the veins are dark purple;
- fork round, slightly flattened, very dense, red-violet, weight about 2-2.5 kg;
- differs in shelf life (5-6 months).
Red cabbage with good immunity, does not get sick, possibly damaged by pests.
Rodima F1 is universal in use, suitable for any type of processing
Langedijker early
Langedijker early is a young German hybrid, little known to the general public. It was created on the basis of red cabbage with the same name. The variety is mid-early, with high, stable yield.
Characteristic:
- rosette height – 40 cm;
- the leaves are large (width - 20 cm, length - 30 cm), red-blue with purple veins, succulent;
- the forks are dense, round, with timely watering it grows up to 4 kg;
- the yield is stable – 10 kg per m2.
Taste with a predominance of sugars. Cabbage is versatile in processing and consumption.
The head of cabbage has a high concentration of dry matter and ascorbic acid
Varieties of red cabbage for the Moscow region
In areas with a temperate continental climate, varieties of domestically selected crops are grown, zoned in a specific region. The productivity of red cabbage depends on the right choice. The optimal temperature for growth for these varieties is +15-200 C with the obligatory condition of timely watering.
For the climate of the Middle Zone and Moscow region, the best varieties are recommended, which have given good performance during long-term cultivation of red cabbage:
- Avangard F1 – 2.7 kg;
- Amethyst – 1.3 kg;
- Pobeda – 2 kg;
- Firebird – 4 kg;
- Zeus – 1.8 kg;
- Rock dove – 3.5 kg;
- Juno – 1.5 kg;
- Khabibi – 3 kg.
Preference is given to agricultural companies that sell planting material “Euro-seeds”, “Poisk”, “Aelita”.
Conclusion
Varieties of red cabbage with standard agricultural technology are stored for a long time and are characterized by high nutritional value. Hybrids of domestic selection are frost-resistant and can easily tolerate temperature drops to minus levels. Suitable for growing in farm fields and private plots.
