Content
The main goal of every gardener growing sweet bell peppers on his plots is to obtain a tasty and large harvest. One of the main criteria for choosing planting material is the adaptation of seeds to sowing and growing in a particular climatic zone. The best varieties of sweet peppers for central Russia, these are well-proven varieties and hybrids that are resistant to sharp fluctuations in temperature, high humidity, diseases and pests characteristic of these regions.
Processing of planting material
Despite the fact that foreign and domestic breeders are trying to develop varieties whose seeds have already been disinfected and prepared for sowing, for planting in central Russia it is necessary to carry out a control treatment of the planting material. Such preventive work will make it possible to reduce the risk of disease and increase the rapid germination of seeds.
Pre-treatment of planting material includes the following activities:
- Calibration grains by immersing them in a saline solution.The seeds are immersed in a spacious container with a solution for just a few minutes. Poor quality planting material usually floats. The one that remains at the bottom of the container can be prepared for sowing.
- Sorting. After drying the seeds remaining at the bottom, sort, selecting for further use only the smoothest and largest seeds without visible defects.
- Disinfection. This is a mandatory measure for any planting material, regardless of whether it was carried out by the manufacturer, since the seeds could be stored in places with high humidity and be susceptible to fungi or viruses. The procedure is carried out by immersing the grains in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After 15-20 minutes, the material is removed and washed in warm running water.
- Soak. Another very important stage of preparatory work, which allows you to speed up the processes of pipping and germination.
- Stimulation of growth. Recently, this procedure has received well-deserved recognition among gardeners growing sweet peppers in central Russia. Planting material is soaked in nutrient solutions and biostimulants, which increase the activity of pipping processes and rapid growth of seedlings.
- Hardening. Since central Russia is a climatic zone with unstable spring weather and gradual warming of the air and soil, sweet pepper seeds are hardened. Having placed the planting material in a small container with a tight-fitting lid, it is sent to the refrigerator and kept there for 2-3 days.
- Bubbling. It is carried out at the end of the preparatory complex and consists in the fact that the planting material is, as it were, “calcined” by exposing it to high temperatures.
If you decide to carry out pre-sowing activities, follow a strict sequence. For example, you cannot soak seeds and then immerse them in solutions for disinfection, or bubbling before hardening.
How and when to plant in central Russia
The first thing every novice gardener and agrarian needs to remember is that pepper is a heat-loving crop. How and when you plant seedlings in open ground or a greenhouse will determine the period and timing of the growing season, as well as how large and high-quality the harvest will be.
For the middle regions of Russia, farmers offer a list of recommendations that should be used when planting:
- The growing location must be chosen so that it is protected from gusty northern winds.
- The soil for planting bell peppers is prepared in advance, removing it from excess debris and weeds.
- If you are planting peppers in the second stage, pay attention to the fact that the best yields are obtained in those beds where legumes or root crops grew before.
- Before planting, the soil must be loosened, ensuring sufficient drainage, but not overdo it, since the soil must retain the amount of moisture necessary for the plant;
- Add 1 cup of wood ash, 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate and superphosphate and a teaspoon of urea to each square meter of prepared substrate. It is advisable to do this while digging the beds.
As a rule, all varieties and hybrids of sweet peppers have fairly long growing seasons, so it is necessary to sow seeds for seedlings in the middle or end of February. In the second half of May, the seedlings can be transferred to open ground.
For central Russia, there is a standard scheme for planting seedlings - 30x30 cm. If forecasts indicate a possible return of frosts in the air and on the soil, cover the newly transplanted seedlings with plastic, film or special covering material.
The best varieties of peppers for open ground
Early hybrids and varieties of sweet peppers are planted in the open ground of central Russia, forming fruits in the shortest possible time. This is due to the fact that summers in the regions are cool and there are not many warm, fine days.
Asti
Fabulous large-fruited early variety of Italian selection. It is used for cultivation not only in central Russia, but also in Western Siberia. Well adapted to low temperatures in the air and sudden cold snaps on the ground.
The bush is compact, low-growing in open ground conditions can reach a height of 50-60 cm, in greenhouses - up to 70 cm. The fruits have a regular cuboid shape, juicy, with dense greenish-yellow skin. The growing season does not exceed 100 days. During the harvest period, the weight of one pepper is 200-250 g, with a wall thickness of up to 1 cm.
Sown for seedlings in late February. When 2-3 true leaves appear, the plant is picked, and a week before transferring it to open ground, it must be hardened off. Scheme planting varieties “Asti” 40x60 cm. During the process of growth and fruiting, it is demanding on loosening the soil and fertilizing. From 1m2 up to 10 kg of fruits are harvested.
Arab
The variety is intended for cultivation in greenhouse conditions and in open areas of the garden under film cover. The plant does not exceed 70 cm in height, therefore it belongs to the category of low-growing. "Arap" refers to early ripening varieties, with a total growing season of 110 days.
The fruits have the shape of a cone, are colored lilac during growth, and red when fully ripe. The average weight of one pepper is 90-110 g, with a wall thickness of up to 6 mm. The main distinguishing characteristics of this variety are its universal use in cooking and complete resistance to high-temperature heat. From one bush of the "Arap" variety, up to 4-5 kg of sweet and juicy fruits are harvested.
Antique dealer
Red sweet bell pepper, recommended for growing in central Russia. The "Antikvara" bush belongs to the category of medium-sized plants; during the period of growth arrest it can reach a height of 1.2 m. It produces good yields (up to 9-10 kg per 1 m2) in greenhouses and under film covers.
The fruits are colored deep red and have a regular prism shape. The skin is dense, glossy. The average weight of one “Antikvar” pepper is 250 grams, with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm.
“Antikvar” is valued among farmers due to its versatility. Its fruits are used for canning, freezing and cooking. Due to their high content of vitamin C, they are widely used in children's and dietary nutrition.
Annushka
A beautiful yellow pepper with a regular prism-shaped shape and a sweet, juicy taste. The plant belongs to the category of medium-sized, early-ripening. The first harvest can be harvested already on the hundredth day after the seed hatches.
Distinctive features of the Annushka variety are resistance to heat and irregular watering.That is why the plant is well suited for cultivation not only in central Russia, but also in its southern regions. The weight of one pepper at full maturity can reach 130-150 grams, while the wall of the fruit is never thicker than 5-6 mm. In harvest months from 1st2 You can collect up to 10 kg of fruit.
Boyarin
Early ripening bell pepper variety, bred by breeders specifically for the regions of central Russia, adapted to low temperatures in the air and soil, and resistant to fusarium.
The plant is compact, and when growth stops completely, it does not exceed 65-70 cm. The fruits are green in color during ripening, and red in biological maturity. The weight of one Boyarin pepper ranges from 100 to 160 grams. From 1m2 During the harvest period, up to 5 kg of fruit can be removed.
Vesuvius
An early ripening variety of sweet pepper, intended for growing in greenhouses and open ground. The plant does not grow more than 80-90 cm, is resistant to low temperatures, high air and soil humidity, and TMV lesions.
The fruits can be light green or red. The weight of one pepper at full ripening is 130-150g, with a wall thickness of up to 7 mm. With proper care and regular additional nutrition, up to 4-5 kg of crop can be harvested from one bush.
Good guy
This is one of the very early, thick-walled varieties of sweet peppers with a very early growing season. The first fruits of “Dobryak” can be harvested already on the 90th day after the seed pecks. The plant is powerful, but compact, the height of the bush does not exceed 80 cm. The fruits are round in shape, the skin is colored red or green, sweet and juicy, without bitterness.
Distinctive features of the variety are high resistance to viral and fungal diseases and “friendly” yield. From 1m2 During the harvesting process, up to 13-14 kg of pepper can be removed.
Emelya
This variety deservedly received the title of the best pepper for open ground in central Russia. The plant is early ripening (growing season 110 days) and compact. The height of the bush does not exceed 70 cm in open areas and 1 meter in greenhouse conditions.
“Emelya” is a universal bell pepper used for salads and cooking, canning, and freezing. When fully ripe, the fruits are bright orange. The skin is dense, with a wall thickness of up to 6 mm. The average weight of one pepper is 100-120 grams, while up to 8 kg of fruit can be removed from one bush.
Early varieties of pepper for planting in open ground in central Russia represent a wide range of products. In addition to those listed above, these include: “Boatswain”, “Hippopotamus”, “Joonga”, “Freckles”, “Nafanya”, and many others.
Hybrids and varieties for greenhouses and greenhouses
Every new season, foreign and domestic selection pleases gardeners with new planting material for growing vegetables in greenhouses and greenhouses. Hybrids of sweet peppers and hot pepper varieties have early germination, high yield, and resistance to changes in climatic and weather conditions.
Choosing pepper seeds Bulgarian and its varieties for central Russia, pay attention to those that combine taste, early ripening and high yield.Farmers recommend the following varieties for cultivation in greenhouses:
Blondie F1
Hybrid of sweet peppers for growing in greenhouse conditions and in open ground using stationary film shelters. The variety is mid-season, the height of the bush does not exceed 90 cm, and the growing season is only 110 days.
The fruits are smooth, prism-shaped, and when fully ripe they have a rich yellow color. The weight of one pepper ranges from 130 to 150 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 7 mm. Distinctive features of the hybrid “Blondie” are resistance to acidic soils and TMV diseases. When grown in greenhouses, it tolerates drought, high temperatures and humidity well. Up to 8 kg of juicy and dense pepper is harvested from one bush.
Goodwin F1
The hybrid belongs to the early ripening, tall and high-yielding varieties for cultivation in central Russia. The height of the bush in greenhouse conditions sometimes exceeds 2.5 m. The plant requires additional supports and garters. In addition, “Goodwin” is a moisture-loving variety that requires abundant and regular watering. The growing season lasts 110-115 days.
The fruits are colored red or dark green and have an even prism-like shape. The average weight of one pepper is 220-250 g, with a wall thickness of up to 10 mm. With proper care, "Goodwin" produces high yields - up to 10 kg of tasty and juicy fruits are harvested from one bush.
Cardinal F1
A low-growing compact hybrid with an early period of fruit ripening. The first harvest can be harvested already on the 90th day after the seed hatches. The height of the bush during the period of growth arrest, even in a greenhouse, does not exceed 60 cm, but despite this, “Cardinal” produces fairly high yields. From 1m2 You can remove up to 15 kg of tasty, meaty peppers.
The fruits are smooth, cube-shaped. The skin is smooth, glossy, and colored light purple. The average weight of one sweet pepper can be 250-270 grams, with a wall thickness of up to 1 cm. Distinctive features of the hybrid are its requirement for regular feeding with mineral and organic fertilizers, resistance to TMV, fungal and putrefactive infections.
Latino F1
The hybrid is an early ripening one, with a bush height of up to 1.3 meters. “Latino” has excellent taste and has a fairly presentable presentation. The fruits are bright red and have a regular cuboid shape. During the period of full maturation the mass of one pepper "Latino" can reach 200-220 g, with an average wall thickness of 1 cm.
The main features of the hybrid are that the plant has a powerful stem and a strong root system. “Latino” is resistant to temperature changes, immune to TMV and fungal infections. During the harvest period, up to 10 kg of juicy and tasty fruits are removed from one bush.
Conclusion
When choosing planting material for planting in central Russia, you must remember that each plant in open areas or under film and carbonate cover requires an individual approach. Pay attention to the descriptions of the variety on the packaging, consult with experienced gardeners and farmers on the proper care and nutrition of sweet peppers.
And about the secrets of growing bell peppers, watch the video:
