Content
In Belarus, a new potato variety, Yanka, was created on the basis of the National Academy of Sciences. The priority in hybridization was to develop a high-yielding crop with good frost resistance. Potatoes were zoned in Central Russia; in 2012, after experimental cultivation, they were included in the State Register. Relatively recently created, the hybrid has not yet earned widespread recognition. A description of the Yana potato variety, photos and reviews from vegetable growers will help you better understand the varietal characteristics of the crop and make a choice in favor of the new product.
Description of the potato variety Yanka
The mid-late variety Yanka produces young shoots 2 weeks after planting the seeds; after 3.5 months the potatoes are ready for harvest. After 1.5 months, the culture reaches conditional ripeness. Young potatoes are not inferior in taste and weight to fully ripened ones. It is distinguished by its thin skin due to the low level of starch and the watery consistency of the tubers. During culinary processing, it completely retains its shape.
The Yanka variety is a potato with a high frost resistance.If the sprouts are damaged by night frosts in the spring, the crop completely forms replacement shoots. The loss of the first shoots does not affect the timing of fruiting and yield.
Yanka potato is a drought-resistant plant that responds well to excess ultraviolet radiation. Vegetation in open areas is much faster than in the shade. In a shaded area, the tops become thin, lose their brightness of color, flowering is rare, the yield is much lower, and the fruits are small. The variety does not tolerate waterlogging of the soil; in the case of a rainy summer, the roots and lower part of the stems may rot.
External description of Janka potatoes:
- The bush is spreading, tall, consists of 5-7 stems growing up to 70 cm and higher. The shoots are thick, dark green, the structure is elastic; with excess moisture, the stems become fragile and break easily.
- The plant is densely leafy, the leaf plate is medium in size, dark green, smooth along the edge. The surface is corrugated, pubescent, with pronounced dark yellow veins. Leaves are lanceolate, opposite.
- The root system is developed, overgrown, forms up to 12 tubers.
- The flowers are large, pale lilac with an orange core, collected in 8 pieces. in inflorescence. After flowering they quickly fall off.
From the photo of the Yanka potato variety, you can compare the external characteristics of the tubers with their description:
- oval-round shape, average weight – 90 g;
- compact location;
- the surface is smooth, the eyes are small, deep;
- the peel is thin, dense, yellow with small brown dots - this is a varietal feature;
- The pulp is dense, juicy, creamy in color, friability is within normal limits.
Potatoes of the Yanka variety produce tubers of the same shape and weight, small fruits - within 5%.The equalized size of medium-sized root crops is convenient for mechanized harvesting. The plant variety is suitable for growing in a personal backyard and on the territory of agricultural complexes.
Taste qualities of Yanka potatoes
Yanka is a table potato variety, the concentration of dry substances is within 22% of which 65% starch. During culinary processing, potatoes do not oxidize after peeling. Fried and boiled tubers do not lose their shape, the color of the pulp does not change.
When entering the crop into the State Register, the tasting commission gave a taste rating of 4.8 points out of 5 possible. Yanka potatoes are universally used, suitable for first courses, as a side dish, and included in vegetable salads. Root vegetables are baked, boiled and fried.
Pros and cons of the variety
According to the description given by the copyright holder, the Yana potato variety has the following advantages:
- stable fruiting;
- high productivity;
- good taste of ripened fruits;
- undemanding to soil composition;
- agricultural practices common to the crop;
- adapted to temperate climates;
- does not require watering;
- does not darken during cooking or become overcooked;
- long-term storage, losses – within 4%;
- not damaged during transportation;
- suitable for industrial cultivation;
- The fruits are aligned, universal in use.
The disadvantages of the Yanka variety include intolerance to waterlogging of the soil. Potatoes do not resist rhizoctonia blight well.
Planting and caring for Yanka potatoes
The culture is a mid-late crop; propagation with sprouted seeds is recommended. In the middle zone, potatoes are planted in early May.By this time the seeds should sprout. The optimal size of sprouts is no more than 3 cm; long ones break off when planted. The tuber needs time to form new ones; the ripening period increases.
Seeds are harvested in the fall or selected from the total mass in the spring. Place in boxes or lay out in a thin layer on a flat surface. Germination time: from March 15 to May 1, take the seeds out of the basement and place them in a lighted place at a temperature of +80 C, the room is ventilated every day.
Selection and preparation of a landing site
Potatoes are grown only in a well-lit area; in the shade, Yanka will give a small harvest, it will be reduced by half. The variety is drought-resistant and does not tolerate even slight waterlogging of the soil. To determine the bed, lowlands and areas with close groundwater are not considered.
The composition of the soil for Yankee should be light, fertile, neutral. The bed for the variety is prepared in the fall:
- They are digging up the area.
- Remove dry tops, roots and stems weed.
- Neutralize the composition (if the soils are acidic) with dolomite flour.
- Scatter compost on top.
In the spring, a week before planting, the site is dug up again and saltpeter is added.
Preparation of planting material
Sprouted potatoes are hardened for 10 days before being placed on the site, and the temperature is gradually lowered. Open the windows in the room where the potatoes are standing, or take them outside for 3 hours. Before planting, preventive treatment against fungus is carried out. Potatoes are placed in a solution of manganese and boric acid or doused with preparations containing copper.Large fruits are cut into several parts, ensuring that each fragment has 2 sprouts. The procedure is carried out 14 days before planting.
Landing rules
The Yanka hybrid variety is planted in single holes or furrows. The arrangement of potatoes does not change depending on the planting method:
- Row spacing – 50 cm, interval between holes – 35 cm, depth – 20 cm.
- Seeds are laid out at a distance of 7 cm, 2 pieces each. into one hole.
- Cover the top with a mixture of peat and ash with a layer of 5 cm.
- Cover with soil, no need to water.
The seed material is laid out carefully so as not to damage the sprouts.
Watering and fertilizing
The Yanka variety does not require additional watering; seasonal rainfall is sufficient for potatoes. The first feeding is carried out a month after planting. Urea and phosphate are added. The next fertilizer is given during flowering using potassium sulfate. You can add bird droppings diluted in water. At the time of tuber formation, the bushes are treated with superphosphate.
Loosening and weeding
The first loosening is indicated when the rows are well defined, so as not to weed out the young shoots. Weeding is carried out as the weeds grow; weeds should not be allowed to develop at the expense of the potatoes. The cut grass is removed from the garden bed and the roots are removed. Loosening will allow oxygen to flow to the root. Weeding will remove weeds, which are where fungal spores accumulate.
Hilling
The first procedure is carried out when the plant reaches a height of 20-25 cm. The potatoes planted in the furrows are covered from both sides to the crown with a continuous ridge. Single holes are hilled on all sides, resulting in a small hill. After 21 days, the event is repeated, the embankment is trimmed, and weeds are removed. When the potatoes have completely bloomed, they are no longer afraid of weeds.
Diseases and pests
The breeding variety is genetically resistant to most diseases that affect the crop. An infection develops if growing conditions do not meet the potato requirements. The Yanka variety affects late blight in cases of high humidity and low air temperature. The fungus infects the entire plant from tubers to tops. Appears in the second half of July as dark spots on leaves and stems. For preventive purposes, planting material is treated; if the measure is ineffective, branded drugs are used.
Rhizoctonia is a fungal infection that affects the plant at any stage of growth. It appears as dark spots on the surface of the tuber and leaves. Without measures taken, the disease can destroy most of the crop. To prevent infection, they observe crop rotation, remove diseased plants from the site, and do not plant potatoes in one place for more than 3 years. The spread of fungal spores is stopped using Bactofil, Maxim, Agat-25K.
Colorado potato beetle larvae parasitize Janka potatoes. If there are few of them, then they are collected manually; a large number of pests are destroyed with the contact drug “Decis” or “Actellik”.
Potato yield
Characteristics of the Yanka potato variety and reviews from vegetable growers indicate the high productivity of the crop. The plant has recently entered the seed market, but has already established itself as a high-yielding species. The Yanka variety is a potato that is unpretentious in care and undemanding to the composition of the soil. On average, 2 kg of potatoes are harvested from one bush, per 1 m2 have 6 plants, yield per 1 m2 is about 12 kg.
Harvesting and storage
The fruit of the Yanka variety reaches biological ripeness by the end of August, at which time harvesting begins.If weather conditions prevent work, Yanka potatoes can remain in the ground for a long time without losing their shape and taste. Dug up potatoes should not be left in the sun for a long time. Ultraviolet light promotes the breakdown of enzymes, solanine is produced, the substance colors the tubers green. Potatoes lose their taste, become toxic, and should not be eaten.
The harvested crop is poured into a thin layer to dry indoors or in a shaded area. If the tubers are prepared for sale, they are first washed and dried well. To store vegetables, do not wash them. The harvest is sorted, small fruits are selected, and some are left for planting.
The planting material fully retains its varietal characteristics for 3 years; after the expiration of the period, it is advisable to replace the Yanka potatoes with new ones. The harvest is stored in the basement or in special piles. Optimum temperature – +2-40 C, humidity – 80-85%. The room must be equipped with ventilation and not allow light to pass through.
Conclusion
The description of the Yana potato variety, photos and reviews of the crop fully correspond to the characteristics provided by the originators. Yanka potatoes produce a stable harvest and tolerate low temperatures well. Easy to care for, grows on any soil composition. Has good immunity. Fruits with a high tasting rating, universal in use. The fruits of the Yanka variety are stored for a long time; the crop is suitable for growing in small plots and farms.
