Content
Breeders have been creating new varieties and hybrids of white cabbage for many decades. That is why when choosing seeds, you have to take into account many factors: ripening time, degree of storage, taste, and application features.
Cabbage Zimovka 1474 is one of the varieties that grows well in almost all regions of Russia. This white cabbage vegetable has a universal purpose, but is best suited for winter storage. The article will give a full description of the variety, present photos and reviews of those involved in the crop.
Description
Cabbage seeds were obtained in the late sixties of the last century by scientists from the All-Union Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production. They used samples of foreign varieties and conducted numerous experiments. Zimovka cabbage was included in the State Register in 1963. White cabbage vegetable is recommended for growing in open ground.
So that gardeners have the opportunity to understand whether this variety is suitable for them, let's start with a description:
- Cabbage variety Zimovka is a late-ripening crop. It takes about 160 days until the harvest. Round-flat heads of cabbage at technical maturity reach 72-120 cm in diameter. The weight of cabbage varies from 2 to 3.6 kg. Larger specimens are also found.
- The rosette is semi-spreading.The leaves of cabbage Zimovka 1474 are round, gray-green due to a clear waxy coating. Leafy the plates are medium-sized: length 40-48 cm, width 32-46 cm. Waviness is clearly visible along the edges. The leaves are juicy, sweet, there are veins, but they are not hard.
- The forks are twisted so tightly that there are practically no gaps between the leaves. When cut, the cabbage variety is yellowish-white. This is clearly visible in the photo.
- The outer stalk is long, and the inner stalk is medium in size.
- The taste of cabbage is excellent due to its unique chemical composition: dry matter in the Zimovka variety from 7.6 to 9.7%, sugar up to 4.9%.
Characteristics
Description of white cabbage Wintering, photos and reviews from gardeners show only part of the qualities of the variety. That is why it is important to characterize culture with all its pros and cons.
Pros:
- Stable yield. Wintering cabbage is a high-yielding variety. According to the description and reviews of gardeners, 6-7 kg of tasty dense heads of cabbage are harvested per square meter of plantings.
- Cold resistance. Plants are able to withstand light frosts within -6 degrees both at the level of seedlings and adult plants.
- Unpretentiousness. Even with low soil fertility, gardeners get a good harvest. In addition, this cabbage variety is drought-resistant.
- Marketable condition. The variety does not crack either in the garden beds or during long-term transportation.
- Keeping quality. You can store Zimovka 1474 cabbage almost until the new harvest - 7-8 months. As consumers indicate, they get the last heads of cabbage in early June. At the same time, the taste and beneficial properties not only do not decrease, but, on the contrary, become more expressive.
- Features of application.Zimovka cabbage is a multi-purpose variety. But most often the vegetable is used for pickling, pickling or winter storage.
- Diseases. The variety has good immunity. Cabbage is resistant to gray mold and spot necrosis.
White cabbage Zimovka has many positive characteristics, but gardeners do not write about the disadvantages in their reviews. Apparently they don't find them.
Seedling
To obtain planting material, it is necessary to grow high-quality seedlings.
Sowing time
Sowing cabbage seeds for seedlings is an important point. Many gardeners rely on the lunar calendar. According to the rules, seeds are sown when the moon is waxing. In 2018, according to the calendar, March 7, 8, 18, 20-21 will be favorable for sowing cabbage.
Capacities
Wooden and plastic boxes, containers, peat pots, and tablets can be used as containers for seedlings. The choice of containers depends on whether you will pick the seedlings or not.
If the boxes or containers are new, they are simply washed with warm water and soap. When containers are used for several years in a row, they will have to be thoroughly treated with boiling water with potassium permanganate, boric acid or ordinary baking soda.
To obtain seedlings without picking, many gardeners use cups twisted from newspaper, as in the photo below. The convenience of such containers is that the root system is not injured in the same way as in cassettes. But most importantly, such containers are provided free of charge.
Soil preparation
When preparing the soil for cabbage seedlings yourself, take equal parts of garden soil, compost or humus, sand, and a little wood ash.In this case, the plants will have enough nutrition. You can use a store-bought soil mixture that has balanced nutrients.
Regardless of what soil is chosen, it must be prepared for sowing seeds. Each gardener has his own methods. Let's look at the most common ones:
- Calcination of the soil in an oven or furnace. The earth is poured in a thin layer onto the sheet and heated at a temperature of at least 200 degrees for 15-20 minutes.
- Disinfection with boiling water. Crystals of potassium permanganate are added to boiling water and mixed. The solution should have a rich pink color. They treat the entire soil without leaving a dry place.
Seeds
Before sowing, the seeds of white cabbage Zimovka 1474 (photos and characteristics are given in the article) are selected and disinfected in a solution of salt or potassium permanganate. Then washed in clean water.
To speed up germination and prevent blackleg, heat treatment can be carried out. Seeds in gauze are placed in hot water at a temperature of no more than 50 degrees for 15 minutes, then cooled in cold water. Lay out the seed on paper and dry it.
Sowing seedlings
The containers are spilled with water, depressions of no more than 1 cm are made. Seeds are planted in them. If sowing is done in a common nursery, then at a distance of 3-4 cm. When growing seedlings without picking, 2-3 seeds are planted in each cup, cassette or peat tablet. The top is covered with glass to create a greenhouse effect. 5-6 days after germination, the glass is removed.
Further care of the seedlings is simple:
- maintaining the required temperature from 14 to 18 degrees;
- watering and surface loosening of seedlings;
- Root feeding of seedlings with a light solution of potassium permanganate or wood ash extract.
Cabbage pick Wintering varieties are carried out when 4-5 true leaves appear on the plants. The soil used is the same as for sowing seeds.
If there is not enough light when growing seedlings, install artificial lighting. After all, the Zimovka variety requires at least 12 hours of daylight. In this case, she grows strong and stocky.
Growing in soil
For Wintering cabbage, a plot with loamy soil will be successful. It is advisable to start preparing in the fall. Compost and humus are added to the ground. When digging, the larvae end up on the surface and die in winter.
In the spring, the ridges are dug up again and holes are made two weeks before planting the seedlings. The variety will produce excellent yield on the ridges where potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, peas or beans were grown the previous summer.
At the end of May or beginning of June, depending on the climatic conditions of the region, the seedlings are moved to a permanent place. Holes are dug according to the 60x60 pattern. It is better to plant cabbage in two rows with row spacing of at least 70 cm for ease of care. Seedlings after planting are well filled with water.
After the cabbage has taken root, it needs to be watered regularly, loosen the soil, remove weeds and feed. At first, 2 liters are enough, then as they grow, the amount of water is increased to 10. It should be remembered that excessive watering leads to the death of roots and fungal diseases.
For feeding (no more than 5 times per season) the variety, infusions of mullein, chicken droppings or fermented green grass are suitable.Root feeding is combined with watering on pre-moistened soil. This way nutrients are better absorbed.
In addition to providing plants with essential microelements, ash helps fight aphids, slugs and snails.
Disease Prevention
Despite good immunity, cabbage of this variety may suffer from some diseases:
- black leg;
- clubroot (photo below);
- mucous bacteriosis;
- downy mildew.
Commonly annoying insects include:
- cruciferous flea beetle;
- cabbage fly;
- snails and slugs;
- white butterfly with its offspring;
- aphid.
The problem can be solved by planting fragrant herbs or flowers next to the cabbage. The ether released by plants repels pests. Chemicals are used to combat cabbage diseases.
Cleaning and storage
The Zimovka variety, as indicated in the description, is intended for long-term winter storage and pickling. Clean up white vegetable in mid-October in dry weather. For cabbage that is supposed to be left for the winter, the outer stalk is not removed. For it, the vegetable is hung in storage.
White cabbage of this variety is stored well in boxes or on racks. Forks are sprinkled with regular chalk. The main thing is to create the right conditions - the temperature should be 0-2 degrees.
I planted it this season in 2023. Last season was dry and the cabbage did not grow, but this year I decided to plant Zimovka (instead of Amager) and did not regret it! Large flat-round heads of cabbage weighing from 2 to 5 kg by the beginning of October! And I planted seedlings on April 10 in a greenhouse on the street. And somehow the slugs don’t eat it, and there are no caterpillars. I bought the seeds from the Gavrish online store.