Content
Onion is valued for its fresh consumption. Green feathers are cut from spring to autumn. For early greens, last year's plantings are used, and in the fall, onions grown from seeds sown in March or April arrive. This plant can also be sown in early summer and late autumn. When to plant vitamin-rich vegetable crops, gardeners themselves decide.
Description
Currently, 50 varieties of onion are registered in the country. The plant is popularly known as falced onion, tatarka, and sand onion. The plant is widespread in Asia and is now popular throughout the world. Onion is a perennial, but the plant is often grown as an annual crop to obtain a quick harvest of green, succulent leaves.
The bulbs of the spring onion are oblong, with small, thin scales. They are only slightly thicker and denser than the stem formed from feathers. Not used for storage. The hollow feathers of onions grow up to 40-60 cm, with a diameter of up to 2 cm. They are rich green in color, juicy, with a delicate, not very spicy taste. This property distinguishes onions from onions or shallots. From one bush you get 30-40 shoots.Young leaves are frost-resistant, can withstand cold temperatures down to -8 degrees, and are rich in vitamins C, A, B.
In the second year, the spring onion, grown from seeds, produces an arrow with a peduncle, up to 50-60 cm. The inflorescence is an umbrella of many white flowers. The bush grows in one place for up to 7 years, but gradually degenerates. The most abundant harvest of green onions is obtained in the second or third years of crop growth. After this, the bush is either completely dug up or planted. The collected seeds serve as seed material for propagation.
Onions are propagated not only by planting seeds, but also by dividing the bush. Growing spring onions through seedlings is used to speed up the ripening time of its greenery. Sow seeds in June or before winter so that greenery grows in early spring.
Growing crops from seedlings
To quickly ripen onion leaves this year, seeds are sown in March or April. Growing spring onions with seedlings makes it possible to avoid diseases in the early stages of development and speed up the production of greenery. The annual crop is harvested along with the bulbs.
Soil preparation
Having decided when to plant onions, gardeners prepare containers, drainage material and soil for seedlings.
- Mix equal parts turf soil and humus;
- Add a glass of wood ash and 80 g of nitroammophoska to a bucket of the composition;
- If garden soil needs to be disinfected, it is steamed in a water bath for 30-40 minutes or watered with a pink solution of potassium permanganate.
Drainage is placed in the container - pebbles, agroperlite, pieces of polystyrene foam from under the packaging, broken ceramics. The prepared substrate is poured on top, which is moistened before sowing the seeds.
Preparing and sowing seeds
Now there are many drugs in the retail chain that can be used to treat onion seeds before sowing, checking the instructions.
- Traditionally, onion seeds are soaked in a pink solution of potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes for disinfection;
- After this, they are placed on soft material at the bottom of a bowl with water or placed in water in small bags for a day. The water will have to be changed twice;
- Wet onion seeds in a bag are kept in the refrigerator for 48 hours, then carefully dried and sown;
- Onion seeds are buried 2-3 cm. The distance between rows of plants is 5-6 cm;
- The soil is slightly compacted, sprinkled with coarse sand on top and moistened through a sprayer.
The container is covered with film and glass to create a warm, humid greenhouse atmosphere. For germination, onion seeds need to be provided with a temperature of 18-21 0WITH.
Sprout care
The first shoots of onion, grown for seedlings at home from seeds, appear after 11-17 days. The containers are transferred to a light but cool place, up to 10-11 0S, place. The daytime temperature should not be higher than 16 degrees, and the night temperature should be 13 degrees. Onion seedlings develop well if they are provided with a 14-hour daylight using a phytolamp or LED lamp.
- Water the onion sprouts sparingly. Care must be taken to ensure that the soil does not dry out or become waterlogged;
- After 7-10 days, the first feeding of the plants is carried out. First add superphosphate solution separately, taking into account the proportion of 2.5 g per 1 sq. m. They are also then fertilized with potassium sulfate;
- When the first true leaf of the onion grows, the seedlings are thinned out. Remove excess sprouts, leaving a distance of 3 cm between seedlings.
Onions grown from seeds to grow must be hardened off before planting in the ground. They start by systematically opening the windows, letting in cool air. Then the onion seedlings are taken out into the open air, first during the day, and as the weather gets warmer, the containers with the sprouts are left overnight.
Plants in the beds
Two-month-old onion seedlings grow well and become stronger by June, when they need to be planted in the garden. Plants should have 3-4 true leaves and long fibrous roots. The thickness of the plant stem at the base should be 5 mm.
Selecting soil for crops
Onion is very picky about soil. Onion leaves are poured only on nutritious soils, with abundant, but not excessive watering. Soil acidity is also important for onions. Slightly acidic or neutral soil is suitable for this type of onion. The crop produces the best yields on sandy loams and loams.
- In the fall, 1 square meter of onion is added to the future bed. m per bucket of humus or compost, 25 ammonium nitrate, 30 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potassium sulfate;
- Onions cannot be planted in an area where carrots, any onions, garlic, or cucumbers were grown last year. Common pests may remain and ruin the crop.
Landing
The place for seedlings of spring onions can be chosen less carefully than for onions. And in partial shade it will grow tall and juicy.
- Leave 20-30 cm between the rows for planting onion seedlings;
- The depth of the hole is 11-13 cm, a handful of wood ash is thrown to the bottom;
- The plant is planted vertically, compacting the soil around the stem;
- The rows of onion bushes are watered;
- The soil in the rows is mulched with a 1-centimeter layer of humus.
Watering and fertilizing
It is advisable to water the onion with warm water in such volumes that the soil is moistened by 17-19 cm. If there is no rain, water more often, creating the required conditions for the plants. When planting plants in a garden bed, one of the organic fertilizers is applied with the first watering.
- Dilute liquid mullein in water in the proportion of 1 part organic matter to 10 parts water;
- Bird droppings are diluted in a ratio of 1:15. The solution with droppings is infused for 10 days, and then the plants are watered with it;
- After two weeks, the onion is fertilized with wood ash, adding 50-70 g under each plant.
Plant protection
Insecticides are used against onion flies, onion moths and onion weevils, which feed on onion leaves, in accordance with the instructions.
Protection against downy mildew, a grayish coating of mold on the leaves of the plant, will be provided by Khom, Oksihom and other copper-containing fungicides.
Vitamin greens will decorate the summer and autumn table already in the year of sowing seeds. And next spring, the hardy plant will delight you with a new portion of vitamins.
