Content
Green onions contain many microelements and vitamins that are beneficial for the human body, which are very necessary during the period of vitamin deficiency observed in the spring. By regularly consuming onion feathers, you can significantly reduce the risk of contracting viral infections. Compared to other crops, growing onions is not difficult, but to get a good harvest, it is important to properly prepare the soil and feed the crop in a timely manner.
It is especially important to apply fertilizer for onions to the soil during the period of active growth. Therefore, it is important to know when and what fertilizers to apply. This will be discussed in the article. But first, let's consider the question of how to choose the type of onion for the feather.
Variety selection
In order for you to grow not only large bulbs in your garden, but also abundant green mass, you should choose the right crop variety, and also apply fertilizers to it on time. So, the following varieties are suitable for growing green onions:
- Chives. This variety is distinguished by narrow feathers that extend approximately 50 cm in length. With proper care, from 10 m2 You can collect up to 30 kg of feathers. Chives have a pleasant aroma, the feathers remain tender for a long time.
- Shallot. This is an unpretentious variety that gives a bountiful harvest from 10 m2 Usually up to 40 kg of feathers can be collected.
- Multi-tiered bow. The variety is frost-resistant, has high quality greens, does not require care and easily survives the winter. Gives a lot of greenery.
- Onion. Planting material is very cheap. Does not form bulbs. It contains many more useful substances compared to other varieties of crops. With proper care, you can collect approximately 35 kg of greens from 10 m2. The culture is perennial.
- Leek. It has a feather that looks like garlic greens. Does not form a bulb, but has a thick white part. It is worth noting that it is the white stem that is usually used in cooking. From this crop, planted at 10 m2, you can get up to 20 kg of feathers.
- Slime Bow. It has feathers like garlic. Their texture is soft, with a slight garlic aroma. It contains a large number of useful substances. Slime onions have a pleasant taste. In a greenhouse, this variety can be grown all year round, and in open ground - right up to frost. It ripens quickly and has a bountiful harvest.
- Bow parade. It has the highest yield - per 10 m2 you can collect up to 65 kg of greens.
Features of growing in open ground
The crop varieties proposed in the article are planted in late autumn or early spring. In this case, it is important to select only that planting material that has several rudiments and its diameter is 3–4 cm.
Before planting onions, the planting material is soaked in warm water and remains in it for the next 24 hours. To speed up germination, the tops of the bulbs need to be cut off. This, among other things, improves productivity.
There are 2 ways to plant onions in open ground:
- The prepared planting material is placed in the grooves at a distance of approximately 4 cm from each other, and then the beds are leveled with a rake. In this case, there should be a distance of approximately 20 cm between the grooves.
- The onions are laid close to each other, and covered with 3 cm of earth on top. In this case, 1 m2 It takes about 10 kg of planting material.
In the spring, this covering material is removed, and the onion plantings are covered with a protective film.
Another option: sow onion seeds. This can be done closer to mid-summer, after fertilizing and loosening the soil. Before sowing, the seeds need to be soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate. Thus, they will be disinfected and less susceptible to disease. After sprouting, the onions need to be thinned out, leaving a distance of about 5 cm between them.
By winter, beds with onions, the greens of which at this point reach up to 25 cm, should be sprinkled with peat or covered with straw. So, after the spring snow melts, you can pamper your family with green vitamins. In order to be able to consume green onions in the summer, the seeds must be sown in early spring.
Features of greenhouse cultivation
The best option for growing onions is the closed method, that is, in a greenhouse. In this case, the harvest can be harvested all year round. It is better to grow greenhouse onions from mid-autumn to spring, and plant them in a greenhouse from mid-winter to the end of May.
The easiest option for feeding onions is to properly prepare the soil. To do this, it is best to choose boxes for growing in which nutritious soil will be poured. It should consist of equal parts of fertile soil, peat and compost or humus.
Before planting, planting material is also soaked in warm water for 24 hours. Afterwards, it can be planted close to each other, and then covered with a thin layer of soil. Until the shoots appear, the boxes with onions can be stacked one on top of the other, which will allow you to free up space for other cultivated plants. After 15 days, place the container around the perimeter of the greenhouse or greenhouse. It is important to maintain the air temperature in the room. It should not fall below 18ºС.
Watering onions per feather in a greenhouse during the growth period is carried out approximately 5 times. Between this, it is important to apply mineral fertilizers. When the greens reach a height of about 40 cm, they need to be cut off.
If agrotechnical rules are followed, the onion yield will correspond to the crop variety. If you have the opportunity to heat the greenhouse, then you can start planting onions in October. To maximize the yield of onions for greens in the greenhouse, plant planting material with a multi-ring structure.
You can use Baikal, Epin and others.
When growing onions for greens, placing the bulbs close to each other when planting, the underground part of the plant will dry out, which allows its above-ground part to grow luxuriantly. In addition, this way you will get greens with the maximum amount of vitamins and microelements. To prevent the soil from becoming acidic and the underground part of the onion to begin to rot, the plant should be watered rarely, but abundantly.
Additional recommendations
The yield of onions depends entirely on the conditions created for them.And if all the measures for caring for the crop are carried out really correctly, then the only problem you will face in the fall will be the safety of the crop. There are several feeding options. It largely depends on what types of fertilizers you have. To make the soil more fertile, add superphosphates to it before planting.
However, organic fertilizers cannot be applied to the soil in their pure form. For onions to grow better, there must be a sufficient amount of nitrogen in the soil. If you add fresh manure to the ground, it will take too long to decompose and the onions will not receive the nutrition they need.
Excess nitrogen can cause the underground part of the onion to simply rot, so fertilization should be moderate. Therefore, to feed onions, use manure diluted in water in a ratio of 1:3. If you decide to feed the onions with bird droppings, then you need to dilute it much more, the proportion is 1:15. This is due to the fact that bird droppings are more saturated with nitrogen than other organic matter.
Soil mineralization
In the absence of organic matter, mineral fertilizers can be added to the soil. Nitrate, potassium salt and superphosphate can be used as fertilizing.
So, you will need 1 tbsp. l. saltpeter, 1 tbsp. l. potassium salt and 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate. All this is diluted in a bucket of water.
When to feed onions
As mentioned above, the soil for onions can be fertilized before planting or during the period of active growth. For example, after the first thinning of onion rows. During this period, the crop especially needs to be saturated with phosphate and nitrogen.
The next feeding is done after a few weeks.This time it is better to add organic matter to the soil. Alternatively, you can also mineralize the soil, but it is important to use preparations that do not contain nitrogen.
Basic care
After germination, you need to wait until the feathers grow about 12–15 cm in height. Then you can thin out the onions, removing weak and unhealthy sprouts. Winter onions need to be fertilized precisely during this period. You can use organic matter, mineralization or some combination of fertilizers.
Organic
So, you can add organic matter. Some recipes for making organic fertilizers have already been mentioned above, but below we will look at a few more methods:
- Horse manure fertilizer. So, for 10 liters of water you will need 500 g of manure. This composition should sit for a week. To fertilize onions, you will need to dilute the fertilizer: 1 liter of slurry goes to 5 liters of water. Watering is carried out between the rows.
- Feeding with mullein. So, to prepare a composition useful for onions, you need to infuse 500 g of mullein in 5 liters of water. After diluting the solution, it should be allowed to brew for a week. The proportion in which mullein is bred is 1:5. Just as in the first case, watering is carried out between the rows.
Use of minerals
There is no need to make infusions from mineral fertilizers. They are sold in the form of powders or liquids, which are diluted with water immediately before watering. It is worth noting that soil mineralization is carried out in 3 stages:
- After emergence.
- 2 weeks after the first feeding.
- After 20 days. But the third feeding is carried out on infertile soil, and that’s all.
Experienced gardeners use 2 main schemes for applying mineral fertilizers to the soil.
The first feeding option is in 3 stages:
- 2 tbsp. l. “Vegetata” are diluted in 5 liters of water;
- 1 tsp. the drug "Agricola - 2" is diluted in 5 liters of liquid;
- 2 tbsp. l. "Effectona - O" and 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate per 5 liters of rain/settled water.
The second option for feeding onions to feathers in 3 stages (all components from the list are diluted in 5 liters of water):
- 1.5 tbsp. l. ammonia;
- 1 tbsp. l. salt and the same amount of ammonium nitrate;
- 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate.
Combined fertilizer
Many specialists use combined fertilizers, even on an industrial scale. So, the scheme for applying fertilizers in 3 stages looks like this:
- 0.5 cups of manure infusion + 1 tbsp. l. urea + 5 liters of water;
- 1 tbsp. l. nitrophoska + 5 liters of water;
- 5 g of potassium salt + 10 g of superphosphate + 5 l of water.
It is worth noting that for better yield, before planting or sowing onions, it would be good to disinfect the soil. Copper sulfate, which is diluted with water in the proportion of 1 tbsp, is excellent for this purpose. l. for 10 liters of water. Before fertilizing the onion beds, you need to disinfect them a day before. Watering is carried out at a flow rate of 2 l/m2.
Conclusion
If you decide to grow onions for sale and you need the maximum amount of harvest in a minimum area, then you need to prepare the soil in advance and also apply fertilizer in a timely manner according to one of the schemes proposed in this article. If you follow all the recommendations, you can expect a bountiful harvest either for your family or for sale.
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