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When choosing determinant early tomato varieties When it comes to ripening, you need to pay attention to whether they are intended for the southern or northern regions.
Southern varieties They are distinguished by thick, powerful foliage that can protect tomatoes from the scorching sun. The growing season for southern tomatoes is long. Life processes are not as intense as those of the northern ones, but “southerners” are more resistant to climatic conditions.
Northern varieties of tomatoes adapted to hot, but short periods. They grow, develop and bear fruit very quickly. But in the south it is not recommended to grow these tomatoes despite all the external advantages. In southern latitudes they will not please you with a good harvest, high-quality fruits, or a long growing season.
Northern tomatoes have a small amount of foliage, arranged so that the fruit receives maximum sunlight. Under the southern sun, such bushes quickly age and cannot provide the fruits with the necessary nutrients.In addition, the tomatoes themselves often get sunburned and grow ugly and small. Often they are also half dry.
Manufacturers often do not bother to indicate which region the tomato seeds are intended for, which sometimes leads to failures when purchasing a new variety of tomatoes. Agricultural companies located in Siberia produce tomato seeds for their region. These are usually superdeterminant and determinant tomatoes.
Tomato seeds from foreign companies and those produced by companies in the European part of Russia are more suitable for the Middle Zone. But northerners can grow these varieties of tomatoes in greenhouses on “warm” beds.
Determinate varieties of tomatoes can be ultra-early, early-ripening and mid-ripening.
Early ripening varieties of determinate tomatoes
Many new early-ripening varieties of tomatoes, which are first-generation hybrids and suitable for greenhouses and open ground, are offered annually by Holland. Some of them produce good yields when grown in open ground, even in the northern regions of the Russian Federation.
Variety "Townsville F1"
A powerful determinate bush that produces medium-sized, round tomatoes weighing up to 200 g. When ripe, the tomatoes are red in color with excellent taste. Can be stored for up to three weeks.
The height of the tomato bush reaches 1.2 m. The variety is high-yielding, so the bush requires a garter. Branching and foliage are average. The variety is recommended for cultivation throughout almost all of Russia, including the Urals and Siberia. In the southern regions it can grow in open ground, in the north it needs greenhouse conditions.
The growing season is 67 days. Up to 9 kg of tomatoes are harvested from 1 m². Resistant to pathogenic factors.
Agricultural technology
The seeds of the hybrid are sown in March, covered with film and placed in a warm place. The film is removed after seed germination and the tomato seedlings are moved to a well-lit place, maintaining the temperature at 17°C for a week. Later it is increased to +22. Forty-day-old seedlings are planted in a permanent place.
Variety "Polonaise F1"
New early determinate hybrid. The tomato bush is very powerful. It is recommended to plant at the rate of 3 bushes per square meter. Suitable for cultivation in the south of Russia. When grown outdoors, the variety produces good ovaries.
Tomatoes weighing up to 220 g. They ripen 65 days after planting the seedlings. A ripe tomato is uniformly red in color without a green spot at the stem. The pulp is dense. Has good taste.
The variety is resistant to major diseases and has good transportability.
Variety "Polbig F1"
The fastest ripening of the Dutch determinate hybrids. The harvest can be harvested after 58 days.
The height of the bushes reaches 0.8 m. The tomatoes are round, red, and medium in size. In open ground, the weight of a tomato is up to 130 g, in greenhouses it can grow up to 210. The yield per bush is up to 4 kg at a planting density of 5-6 bushes per unit area.
The purpose of the variety is universal. Can be used as a salad tomato or for processing and preservation.
The variety can be grown in open beds, in greenhouses or film shelters. Relatively cold-resistant, shows good formation of ovaries even at low temperatures.
The advantages of this variety of tomatoes include:
- early ripening of tomatoes, due to which the harvest is harvested before the appearance of late blight;
- resistance of the tomato bush to low temperatures;
- resistance to pathogenic microflora (it simply does not have time to multiply);
- good keeping quality of tomatoes and resistance to cracking;
- high transportability of tomatoes;
- leveled fruits.
Gardeners considered the disadvantages of the need to tie up the stem and fruiting shoots, which can break under the weight of the tomatoes.
Variety "Torbay F1"
A mid-early hybrid developed by the Dutch in 2010. Certified in Russia in 2012.
A tomato bush grows up to 85 cm in the open air; in a greenhouse it can be up to 1.5 m high. The growing season is 65 days. Standard variety.
Ripe Torbay tomatoes are pink, round, weighing up to 210 g, sweet and sour in taste.
Advantages of the variety:
- friendly return of the harvest;
- the ability of tomatoes to be stored for a long time;
- high transportability;
- resistance to pathogenic microflora;
- high ability of tomatoes to ripen during storage.
The disadvantage of this variety is the need for increased attention to the bushes at the initial stage of cultivation: fertilizing and loosening the soil.
The yield of the variety is up to 6 kg per bush. Planting density: 4 bushes per unit area.
A variety of universal-purpose tomatoes. Tomatoes are used both as salad tomatoes and for cooking and processing into juices. They are also good for winter preparations.
Features of agricultural technology
The variety grows very well outdoors in the southern regions of Russia, showing the best results in this climate.In the central zone it requires film shelters, and in the northern regions it can only be grown in greenhouse conditions. Greenhouses must be heated.
The Torbay bush requires obligatory gartering and strengthening of branches with supports to prevent them from breaking off. You can form a tomato bush into two stems, but usually it is formed into one to obtain larger tomatoes.
At the initial stage, the variety requires large amounts of phosphorus and potassium. Later it is fed along with other tomatoes.
Features of agricultural technology of Dutch tomato varieties
- Dutch determinate hybrids are intended for industrial cultivation. Of course, they can also be grown in utility plots, but, for example, in a greenhouse, hybrids will show the best results when used hydroponics, which is unlikely to be used by a private owner.
- Hybrids are self-pollinating, but for better results the manufacturer recommends using bumblebees. This is also not very convenient for a private owner.
- Using Dutch agricultural technology, 65 kg of tomatoes are obtained from one square meter. With normal cultivation, accessible to an amateur gardener, 15 kg of tomatoes.
- Proper cultivation of seedlings of hybrid varieties is mandatory: a mixture of peat and sand is used for sowing, and seedling cassettes equipped with drainage are placed in a well-lit place with optimal temperature and humidity.
Among Russian companies, perhaps the earliest varieties of tomatoes are offered by Siberian producers. At least the bulk of varieties of such tomatoes, which is due to the conditions of their breeding.
Variety "Far North"
An early standard variety with a growing season of 90 days. The tomato bush is erect and powerful. Tomatoes are round, up to 80 g.Does not require pinching and adapts well to adverse weather conditions. Even in risky farming areas, this variety can be sown directly into the soil, bypassing the seedling stage. Used in salads and marinades.
Resistant to pathogenic microflora.
Variety "Legionnaire"
Early ripening. The bush is determinate, spreading, weakly leafy. It can be grown in greenhouses and open beds, but tomatoes are zoned for the southern regions. To the north it grows only in greenhouses. The variety is productive. Delivers up to 17 kg/m².
Ripe tomatoes are pink, round, weighing up to 150 g. If they have good taste, they are recommended for fresh consumption.
The advantages include friendly yield and resistance to pathogenic microflora and cracking.
Variety "Parodist"
Early ripening, growing season 85 days. Bushes up to half a meter high. Suitable for greenhouses and open beds, but the cultivation method is slightly different: the variety does not need to be formed in the ground; in greenhouses, tomatoes are grown into three stems.
The variety is included in the State Register as zoned for the North Caucasus and Central Black Earth regions. It is recommended there for cultivation in subsidiary plots.
Relatively frost-resistant, forms ovaries well in almost any natural conditions. Does not suffer from fusarium and cladosporiosis.
Planting scheme for this tomato: up to 6 bushes per square meter. m. Productivity is 3.5 kg per bush, that is, up to 20 kg/m².
Ripe red tomatoes. The shape is round, flattened at the tops. Weight up to 160 g. The taste is good for early ripening tomatoes. They belong to the group of salad tomatoes.
What do tomatoes need to produce a good harvest?
Of course, the nutrients that tomatoes get from soil and fertilizers.There are three main elements: phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen.
Phosphorus
Stimulates root growth and improves frost resistance. Along with potassium, tomatoes need it from the first day of planting seedlings in the ground. To the extent that a pinch of phosphorus is placed directly into the holes prepared for seedlings, sprinkled with a little earth so that the phosphorus does not touch the bare roots.
With a lack of phosphorus, the stems and leaves become red-violet.
Tomatoes grow sickly. The situation can be improved by adding liquid superphosphate. If there is a lack of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium are not absorbed well enough, so it is advisable to add phosphorus to all feedings.
Potassium
The element also improves frost resistance during planting of seedlings. In addition, the simultaneous application of potassium and phosphorus stimulates the vegetation of tomatoes and accelerates fruiting.
It is advisable to add additional potassium during the “milk” ripeness of tomatoes to improve the taste of tomatoes and their keeping quality.
With a lack of potassium, the foliage first turns dark green, and then a yellow-brown border of dead tissue forms along the edges. The stems stop growing, the fruits also become spotted, and the crop ripens unevenly.
Nitrogen
The most important element for tomatoes. Without it, there will be no harvest, since nitrogen promotes the formation and growth of tomatoes. Nitrogen is added to the soil several times during the tomato growing season. For productive varieties this is done somewhat more often.
On poor soils, tomatoes are fertilized with mullein solution every two and a half weeks. If you don’t want to mess with organic matter, you can feed the tomatoes with ammonium nitrate or urea. Even in black soil areas it is necessary to apply nitrogen 2-3 times during the growing season.
With a lack of nitrogen, the lower leaves turn yellow and die.
It is equally important not to overdo it with nitrogen fertilizers. With an excess of nitrogen, tomatoes drive away green mass and do not tend to form ovaries.
And removing an excess of an element from the soil is much more difficult than adding it. Moreover, if you completely overdo it with the addition of nitrogen, the tomato will even lose its decorative appearance. Young leaves will begin to curl and tear when you try to unroll them by hand.
Calcium
Usually this element is not given special attention, but with its deficiency, neither potassium, nor phosphorus, nor nitrogen, nor magnesium are absorbed. This problem is especially acute in summer cottages older than 10 years, since constantly adding the first three elements, summer residents usually forget about calcium and magnesium. The soil of old dachas contains very small amounts of Ca and Mg.
With a severe lack of calcium, the leaves and flower brushes of tomatoes begin to curl. Old foliage becomes dark green, while young foliage becomes spotted with light yellow. Fruits are affected by blossom end rot.
In this case, the tomato must be fed with calcium nitrate using a foliar method.
If all the troubles associated with a lack of elements have passed you by and tomatoes promise you a good harvest, help them grow it. Tomatoes bloom almost “until the last”. Flowers and ovaries that appear too late will not have time to ripen, but will deprive the growing tomatoes of the nutrients they need. As a result, the harvest will be worse and the tomatoes will be smaller.It is better to cut off excess flowers and ovaries. You can watch the video to see how to do this correctly.
Conclusion
Thus, when selecting a tomato variety that is productive and suitable for specific purposes and conditions, it is important not only the description of the variety on the manufacturer’s packaging, but also its regionalization, as well as compliance with the agricultural technology required for a specific tomato variety.
Dutch varieties of tomatoes with their high yield, they are quite capricious and are more suitable for greenhouses. Domestic ones are often less productive, but can grow in the open air without any problems.
