Content
When choosing cherries, gardeners often give preference to well-known and time-tested varieties. One of them is the Turgenevskaya variety, which has been grown in garden plots for more than 40 years.
History of selection
Cherry Turgenevskaya (Turgenevka) was bred by the All-Russian Research Institute for Selection of Fruit Crops in the Oryol region. Turgenevka obtained by pollination varieties Zhukovskaya. Work on it was carried out by breeders T.S. Zvyagin, A.F. Kolesnikova, G.B. Zhdanov.
The variety was sent for testing, based on the results of which it was included in the State Register in 1974.
Description of culture
Features of the Turgenevskaya cherry tree:
- average vigor;
- tree height from 3 to 3.5 m;
- crown of medium density, in the shape of an inverted pyramid;
- straight brown branches of medium length;
- buds 50 mm long, cone-shaped;
- the bark of the trunk is brown in color with a bluish tint;
- leaves are dark green, narrow, oval, with a sharp tip;
- the leaf plate has a boat shape and a glossy surface.
The inflorescences consist of 4 flowers. The petals are white and fit tightly to each other. Flower size is about 2.4 cm.
Characteristics of Turgenevka cherry fruits:
- average weight 4.5 g;
- size 2x2 cm;
- broad-heart shape;
- ripe fruits have a rich burgundy skin;
- dense and juicy pulp;
- sweet and sour taste:
- cream seeds weighing 0.4 g;
- stalks about 5 cm long;
- the seeds are well separated from the pulp;
- tasting score – 3.7 points out of 5.
The Turgenevka variety is recommended for cultivation in the following regions:
- Central (Bryansk region);
- Central Black Earth (Belgorod, Kursk, Oryol, Voronezh, Lipetsk regions);
- Northern Caucasus (North Ossetia).
Photo of Turgenevka cherry tree:
Characteristics
According to reviews from gardeners about the Turgenevka cherry, its resistance to drought, frost, diseases and pests deserves special attention.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
Turgenevka cherries are characterized by average resistance to drought. In hot weather, it is recommended to water the trees, especially during the flowering period.
The Turgenevskaya variety has high winter hardiness. Trees tolerate temperatures as low as -35 °C.
Flower buds have average resistance to cold weather. The variety is susceptible to spring frosts and sudden temperature changes.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening time
Flowering occurs in the middle period (mid-May). The ripening period for Turgenevskaya cherries is early or mid-July.
The Turgenevka variety is partially self-fertile and is capable of producing crops without pollinators.To increase productivity, cherries or other cherry varieties with a similar flowering period are planted in close proximity to the tree.
The best pollinators of Turgenevka cherries are considered to be the varieties Lyubskaya, Favorit, Molodezhnaya, Griot Moskovsky, and Melitopol Joy. In the presence of pollinators, the shoots of the tree are covered with fruits and often bend to the ground under their weight.
Productivity, fruiting
Fruiting of the Turgenevka variety begins 4-5 years after planting. The life span of the tree is 20 years, after which the cherry tree needs to be replaced.
A young tree bears about 10-12 kg of fruit. The yield of mature cherries is about 20-25 kg.
After ripening, the fruits do not fall off and remain hanging on the branches. Under the sun, their flesh wilts and becomes sweeter in taste.
Area of application of berries
Turgenevka cherries are suitable for home canning: making juices, compotes, jams, tinctures, syrups, fruit drinks. Due to the sour taste, the fruits are rarely used fresh.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The Turgenevka variety is characterized by average resistance to diseases and pests. Most often, trees show signs of moniliosis and cocomycosis. Caring for the variety involves preventive spraying.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of the Turgenevka variety:
- high and stable yield;
- large fruits;
- good winter hardiness;
- transportability of fruits.
Before planting the Turgenevka variety, take into account its main disadvantages:
- sour taste of fruits;
- dependence of yield on pollinator;
- early pregnancy is below average.
Landing Features
Planting of Turgenevskaya cherries is carried out within a certain time frame.The fruiting of the variety depends on the correct choice of place for cultivation.
Recommended timing
Planting work is carried out in the fall in September or October, when the leaves fall. It is important to plant the cherry tree before the weather gets cold so that the seedling has time to take root.
When planting in spring, work begins after the soil has warmed up, but before the buds open. The best time for planting is the second ten days of April.
Choosing a suitable location
Cherry prefers places well lit by the sun. The tree is planted on a hill or on a flat area. It is not recommended to place cherries in places with high groundwater or in lowlands where moisture accumulates.
The culture grows well in drained soil: loam or sandstone. Acidic soil is not suitable for growing cherries. Lime or dolomite flour, which is embedded to the depth of a shovel bayonet, will help reduce acidity. After a week, the soil is fertilized with compost.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries?
Turgenevka cherry gets along well with other shrubs. Other varieties of cherries, grapes, rowan, hawthorn, sweet cherry, and honeysuckle are planted next to the tree at a distance of 2 m. The exceptions are raspberries, currants and sea buckthorn.
It is better to remove apple, pear, apricot and other fruit crops 5-6 m from the cherry tree. Their crown creates shade, and the roots absorb many useful substances.
Beds with tomatoes, peppers and other nightshades should not be set up next to the plantings. You should also remove the Turgenevka variety from birch, linden, maple and oak.
Selection and preparation of planting material
For planting, choose a two-year-old seedling of the Turgenevka variety with a height of up to 60 cm and a trunk diameter of 2 cm.There should be no signs of rotting, cracks or other damage on the roots and shoots.
After purchase, the roots of the seedling are kept in clean water for 3-4 hours. You can add the stimulant Cornerost to the water.
Landing algorithm
The order of planting Turgenevka cherries:
- At the selected location, dig a hole 70 cm in size and 50 cm deep.
- The pit is left for 3-4 weeks to shrink. If cherries are planted in the spring, you can prepare the hole in late autumn.
- Add 1 kg of ash, 20 g of potassium sulfate and 30 g of superphosphate to the fertile soil.
- The soil mixture is poured into the hole, then the seedling is placed in it.
- The roots of the cherry are straightened and covered with earth.
- The soil is compacted well. The seedling is watered abundantly.
Subsequent care of the crop
Dry, weak, broken and frozen shoots are removed from Turgenevka cherries. Pruning is performed before or after the growing season.
To prepare for winter, the tree is watered abundantly in late autumn, after which the trunk is hilled up. The soil in the tree trunk circle is mulched with humus. To protect against rodents, spruce branches are tied to the trunk.
Full feeding of Turgenevka cherries begins 3 years after planting. In early spring, the tree is watered with mullein infusion. During and after the flowering period, 50 g of superphosphate and potassium salt are incorporated into the soil.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The main diseases to which cherries are susceptible are given in the table:
Disease | Symptoms | Control measures | Prevention |
Moniliosis | Leaves, flowers and shoot tips dry out. Over time, gray growths appear on the bark. | Spraying with Bordeaux mixture or Cuprosan solution. |
|
Cocomycosis | Distribution of brown spots on the leaves, under which a pinkish coating appears. | Spraying with Bordeaux mixture and copper sulfate solution. | |
spotting | Brown or yellow spots on the leaves, drying out of the fruit pulp. | Spraying with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. |
The most dangerous cherry pests are listed in the table:
Pest | Signs of defeat | Control measures | Prevention |
Aphid | Leaves rolled into a tube. | Treatment with Fitoverm insecticide. |
|
cherry fly | The larvae eat the pulp of the fruit, which rots and crumbles. | Spraying with Aktara or Iskra insecticides. | |
codling moth | The larvae feed on the fruits, leading to crop loss. | Treatment of cherries with benzophosphate. |
Conclusion
Turgenevka cherry is a proven variety, productive and winter-hardy. The fruits are inferior in taste to modern varieties, but are well suited for processing.
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