Content
There are dozens of varieties of cherries, each of which differs in its taste, resistance to adverse environmental conditions, or harvest size.
Malinovka is considered one of the classic cherry varieties, which is characterized by high yields and a long shelf life of the fruit.
History of selection
This cherry variety was bred in the late 80s of the last century by domestic breeders on the basis of the All-Russian Breeding and Technical Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Growing. Almost immediately, the variety was entered into the state register of crops and was widely used for cultivation in the central regions of our country.
Description of culture
The Malinovka variety can reach an average height of 3-3.2 meters; the crown has a slightly rounded or spherical shape and is quite dense. The leaves have a standard shape and size for most cherry varieties.The foliage is somewhat darker on top and has a glossy surface.
The fruits are berries of a rich dark red color. The weight of one berry can reach 4–5 g. The pulp is dense, slightly sour in taste.
Characteristics
Malinovka cherry belongs to those varieties that are distinguished by a late ripening period, but rather high yield. In addition, the culture is excellent for industrial use.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
A distinctive feature and advantage of Malinovka is its high resistance to severe frosts, even in weather conditions when the ambient temperature drops below - 25°C, as well as to drought.
Of course, with an extreme lack of moisture or very low temperatures, some buds may die, however, this will not cause much harm to the entire tree as a whole.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening time
One of the disadvantages of this variety is its self-sterility, that is, the plant blooms, but no fruit is formed on the tree. To obtain a harvest, it is necessary to plant other varieties nearby.
The main pollinators of the Malinovka cherry:
- Consumer goods black;
- Lyubskaya;
- Vladimirskaya;
- Shubinka.
In addition, Malinovka is one of those varieties that are characterized by a late ripening period; the tree begins to bear fruit in late July - early August. Accordingly, the flowering period occurs at the end of spring.
Productivity, fruiting
The robin has a fairly high yield: about 10-13 tons of berries can be collected from one hectare. And, perhaps, it is precisely because of the late period of fruiting that the berries have high marketability and taste qualities of the fruit.
Area of application of berries
Malinovka cherries are mostly used on an industrial scale in the production of compotes, jams, preserves and other products. The berries are stored for a long time without losing their presentation.
Resistance to diseases and pests
This variety is characterized by average resistance to diseases and pests, in particular coccomycosis, moniliosis, and hole spot. However, with proper care and timely treatment of the plant with the necessary preparations, it is possible to avoid the development of the disease and its further appearance on other trees.
Advantages and disadvantages
Based on the above, the main advantages of the Malinovka variety are:
- late ripening;
- resistance to low temperatures and other adverse environmental conditions;
- high productivity;
- high commercial quality of fruits.
The disadvantages, in turn, include:
- self-sterility, requiring planting of other cherry varieties in the vicinity;
- insufficiently high resistance to some pests and fungal diseases.
Despite this, the Malinovka variety is very popular and is grown in many regions of our country. Moreover, the fruits are used in the production of jams, compotes and other products.
Landing Features
Proper planting and further care of the crop is a guarantee of a good harvest, resistance to diseases and pests, and full development of the cherry. That is why it is necessary to follow all the recommendations below.
Recommended timing
It is best to plant the robin in the spring and prepare the soil in advance in the fall. This is the most favorable period for planting seedlings, since the risk of droughts or severe frosts is minimized.
Choosing a suitable location
For planting, you should choose a site so that the groundwater lies at a depth of at least 1.8 m underground, and it is better to completely opt for an area without groundwater.
In addition, try to avoid lowlands and too dark places. The soil should be neutral, well-drained, loose and light.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries?
When choosing a site for planting cherries, you should also pay attention to neighboring plants. The robin feels great next to cherries, cherry plums, plums and other stone fruits, as well as rowan and hawthorn.
But you should not plant cherries next to nightshades, linden, birch, oak, as well as some shrubs, such as raspberries or gooseberries. The root system of these plants grows so much that it begins to have a detrimental effect on the cherry.
Selection and preparation of planting material
When choosing a cherry seedling, pay attention to the following signs:
- the age of the seedling is no more than 2 years;
- the diameter of the root system does not exceed 25-35 cm;
- the tree trunk and shoots have no damage, tears, plaque or signs of fungal disease;
- the roots should be moderately flexible, without swelling or creases.
It is best to purchase seedlings from trusted nurseries that specialize in growing fruit crops.
Landing algorithm
Stages of planting a Robin:
- Dig a hole no more than 60 cm deep and about 75-80 cm in diameter.
- Mix the top layer of soil with organic and mineral fertilizers.
- Drive a stake into the center of the hole and gradually pour the soil and fertilizer mixture into the hole, making a slight rise.
- Distribute the root system evenly and continue adding the mixture.
- Spill around the seedling (at least 8-10 liters) and tie the cherry to a peg.
Subsequent care of the crop
Further care of the cherry tree includes timely trimming of the top of the tree and excess branches, the formation of a neat crown, as well as regular removal of weeds around the tree.
Special care is required for the Robin during flowering and fruiting. During hot periods, it is recommended to water generously with at least 10 liters of water. In the spring and autumn seasons, it is also necessary to remove all broken or diseased shoots.
Three times a season you need to apply mineral and organic fertilizers and do not forget to loosen the soil around the tree from time to time. The following can be used as feeding:
- urea or saltpeter - 20-30 g per 10 liters of water;
- manure - 4 kg per 1 sq. m. area around the tree;
- ash – 1 kg per 1 sq. m. of soil, usually applied in the autumn.
Compliance with the basic rules of care will allow you to achieve high yields of Malinovka cherries.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The main disadvantage of this variety is its low resistance to fungal infections. The main types of diseases are presented in the table.
Disease | Manifestations | Fighting methods |
Coccomycosis | The tree stops bearing fruit, flowers and berries fall off, and the leaves dry out greatly. | Pruning affected branches, spraying with fungicides, and burning dried foliage. |
Moniliosis | The branches look charred, the cherry tree does not bear fruit. | Treating the tree with fungicidal preparations, as well as pruning dried branches and then burning them. |
Anthracosis | The leaves gradually begin to fall and the branches dry out. | Spraying cherries with polyram, pruning damaged shoots. |
Gum | The tree secretes a resin-like liquid. | It is necessary to regularly clean off the gum and treat the wound surfaces with Bordeaux mixture. |
Rust | Spots with a characteristic red or rusty tint appear on the leaves. | Spraying foliage with copper sulfate as a preventive measure, as well as burning already affected leaves. |
To prevent the appearance of fungal infections, it is recommended to regularly inspect trees, especially branches and leaves.
Conclusion
Malinovka is one of the frost-resistant cherry varieties with high yields and high technological and commercial qualities of the fruit. It is grown in many regions of our country, and, moreover, it is the main variety from which jams, preserves and compotes are made.
