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The culture was obtained by crossing the varieties: Chernaya large and Rossoshanskaya black. Cherry Khutoryanka was included in the State Register relatively recently - in 2004. Despite many advantages, the variety is not widely used.
Description of the Khutoryanka cherry
This is a low tree with a spreading crown, which is shaped like a pyramid, cone or broom. Foliage thickly covers every branch and shoot.
The leaves are oval with a pointed end, serrated at the edges, slightly wrinkled and pubescent. The color of the upper surface of the leaf is dark green, the lower part is light gray. Leaf dimensions: length up to 10 cm, width up to 6 cm.
The petiole is thick, grows up to 2.5 cm, and has a dark, burgundy hue.
The bark is brown with a gray or purple tint. Its surface is smooth, glossy or slightly rough. Older cherries may have peeling bark.
The branches grow to the trunk at an acute angle and may break off during harvesting. The shoots are thickened, smooth and straight.
Height and dimensions of an adult tree
An adult Khutoryanka cherry tree has a height of no more than 4 m. The crop is classified as medium-sized. The crown in diameter does not exceed 5 m.
Description of fruits
Depending on the region, fruit ripening occurs at the beginning or end of June. The weight of an average berry is 4 g, diameter is 2 cm.
The shape of cherries can be round, flat round, heart-shaped, the color of the berries is dark red, almost black
The pulp is also dark red, juicy, dense. The drupe is light brown, covered with a thin layer of pulp, from which it is difficult to separate. Tearing the cherry from the stem is dry.
During the ripening process, the berries are not baked in the sun, and the shedding is weak.
Khutoryanka cherries are sweet, with a slight sourness and tartness. The tasting score is 4.5 points.
Pollinators for Khutoryanka cherries
This is a self-fertile variety and does not require pollinators. The absence of related crops in the garden does not affect productivity. This makes maintenance much easier.
Khutoryanka cherry blossoms at the end of May, small white buds form large fragrant inflorescences
Main characteristics
Khutoryanka cherries are classified as medium-yielding, unpretentious varieties. The technological and consumer qualities of the berries are high.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
In hot, dry summers, it is recommended to water Khutoryanka cherries once a week. Do this in the evening, after sunset, always with warm water. If there is sufficient rainfall, the tree does not need watering.
Khutoryanka cherry is frost-resistant. Only young seedlings of the first year need shelter.
Mature plants easily recover from frost damage. The main feature of the variety is its ability to adapt to difficult climatic conditions.
Productivity
The fruits of the Khutoryanka cherry ripen in early or late June. After planting, the crop bears fruit for 3 or 4 years. The first season will be the leanest, the amount of fruit collected will not exceed 2 kg. 5 years after planting, they begin to harvest the long-awaited, abundant harvest, which will be approximately 10-12 kg of berries from one tree.
If you carry out timely pruning of the thickened crown, fertilizing and watering in dry summers, the yield of the tree can be increased to 20 kg.
The high density of the pulp allows the berries to be stored for 1.5 weeks and transported over long distances without loss of commercial quality.
Khutoryanka cherries are eaten fresh and used for processing. The juicy pulp produces a lot of dark, thick juice. Cherries are good in compotes, jams, preserves.
Thanks to its dense pulp and ability to withstand transportation, the Khutoryanka variety can often be found in markets as a dessert variety.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite the large number of positive qualities, Khutoryanka cherries have a number of disadvantages. These include low yields, average ripening times, and branches that easily break off from the trunk.
Advantages of the variety:
- good taste of berries;
- transportability;
- high keeping quality of fruits;
- adaptability to difficult climates;
- high technical qualities;
- rapid restoration of wood after damage.
Also, the Khutoryanka variety is slightly affected by moniliosis - fruit rot.
Landing rules
The selectively bred variety requires proper planting and care.If all the rules are followed, the cherry will bear fruit in accordance with the varietal characteristics for 14-15 years.
Recommended timing
For the southern regions, experts recommend planting Khutoryanka cherries in the warm autumn - at the end of September.
In the central and northern regions, fruit trees are planted in the spring, after the soil has warmed up well. This is the beginning or end of May. It is important to wait for dry, warm and windless weather.
Site selection and soil preparation
To plant Khutoryanka cherries, choose a well-lit part of the garden on the south side.
The tree on one side should be protected by a building or fenced from the north wind
The buildings will also shade the seedling from the scorching sun at midday.
Groundwater should be no closer than 2.5 m to the surface of the earth. Low-lying places where there is a possibility of stagnation of rain or melt water should be avoided.
The soil should be loose, fertile, sandy loam or loamy. Acidified soils are not suitable for growing the Khutoryanka variety. 2 weeks before planting, the soil is fertilized by applying complex mineral fertilizers. Immediately before planting, the top layer of soil is mixed with wood ash, potassium chloride or humus.
How to plant correctly
When planting a cherry orchard, space 4 m between rows, and 3 m between seedlings. You should take into account how much the crown will spread as the tree grows.
Before planting, check the rhizome of the seedling: damaged and rotten shoots are removed. If the root is dry, soak it in warm water with a weak solution of manure for an hour.
Landing algorithm:
- Dig a hole 80 cm in diameter and 0.5 m deep.
- Place a peg in the center of the recess and secure it.
- Place the seedling near the stake, straighten the root shoots. It is important to ensure that the root collar rises 3 cm above the soil level.
- The root is covered with earth, the trunk of the seedling is tied to a peg.
- The soil is lightly compacted and a hole near the trunk is formed.
After planting, the seedling is watered with 2 buckets of warm water; at the last stage, the tree trunk circle is mulched
Features of care
Proper care is no less important than planting. The Khutoryanka cherry variety is unpretentious and does not require special care.
Watering and fertilizing schedule
For the first 2 years, the Khutoryanka cherry needs abundant and frequent watering in the warm season. On average this is 2 times a month. Before watering, the water is heated a little; it is poured only within the radius of the tree trunk circle.
Feeding is carried out at the 2nd year of a young tree’s life. To do this, use special mineral complexes for fruit trees or rotted manure diluted in water 1:10.
Trimming
The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting. The second procedure is carried out in the fall - damaged and rotten shoots are cut off.
Mature trees are pruned in spring and autumn
In the process, the crown is formed and thinned, and unnecessary diseased or infected branches are removed.
Preparing for winter
Khutoryanka cherry is a winter-hardy variety; it should not be wrapped for the winter. If the tree was planted in the fall in the central or northern region, then in the first year it should be insulated.
In the fall, after harvesting, the crown of the Khutoryanka cherry tree is thinned out, the soil in the area around the trunk circle is loosened, watered, and then mulched.
The tree trunk is whitewashed to protect against rodents
Diseases and pests
Khutoryanka cherry is not resistant to coccomycosis, a fungal disease that affects the leaves of hearth trees.At the initial signs of the disease, the crop is treated with fungicides. The first time the procedure is carried out in the spring after flowering, then in the fall, after harvesting.
Cherry Khutoryanka can be attacked by leaf rollers, aphids, and moths. If the larvae of these insects appear on the foliage of a tree, they are treated with chemicals or special sticky traps are installed.
Conclusion
Cherry Khutoryanka is an unpretentious variety of Russian selection. It is intended for planting in the central and northern regions. Cherry is highly frost-resistant and adaptable to difficult climatic conditions. The fruits of the Khutoryanka variety are suitable for fresh consumption and for processing, are well stored, and can be transported over long distances without loss of commercial quality.
