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Nevezhinskaya rowan belongs to the sweet-fruited garden forms. It has been known for about 100 years and is a variety of common rowan. It was first found growing wild near the village of Nevezhino, Vladimir region. Since then, the tree with dessert-tasting berries began to be grown in household plots. Rowan is planted as an ornamental tree with fruits of high vitamin value.
Description of rowan nevezhinskaya
Rowan nevezhinskaya is a deciduous tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is distinguished by its tall growth, when growing in illuminated areas it forms a spherical crown, and in the shade it forms a triangular one. But it prefers sunny areas.
The bark is gray-brown in color, the root system is superficial. The leaves are large, dark green, lanceolate in shape. Flowering is abundant and begins in May-June. The flowers are white, collected in dense inflorescences.Flowering is accompanied by a pungent aroma for humans, but attractive to bees. Therefore, Nevezhinskaya is a good honey plant.
Nevezhinskaya fruits range from light orange to bright red. The berries are larger in size than those of ordinary rowan. They have a dessert taste without astringency and are high in vitamins. The berries ripen in early autumn and remain on the tree until cold weather. The seeds are small, light brown in color.
It has been noticed that crops of the nightshade family planted next to rowan are not subject to late blight. But it is recommended to plant rowan with fruit trees separately.
The Nevezhinskaya variety is winter-hardy and unpretentious to growing conditions. Flowers can withstand temperatures as low as -2.5°C. The tree is acclimatized for growing in Siberia. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th year of cultivation.
Shows high productivity, including in rainy and cold summers, when other garden trees do not bear fruit well. Rowan nevezhinskaya is a long-lived tree and grows in one place for about 30 years.
Varieties of rowan nevezhinskaya
Rowan nevezhinskaya has 3 varieties, which are similar in crown shape, but differ from each other in the color and taste of the berries. Rowan Nezhinsky or Nevezhinsky is one and the same crop. The name “Nezhinskaya” was given by one winemaker back in the last century in order to hide the real name of the tree and not share the sweet berries with others who wanted them.
Nevezhinskaya cubical
Kubovaya is the more common variety of all three belonging to the Nevezhinskaya variety.The berries are distinguished by their orange and red color and pentagonal shape.
The taste is sweet and sour, without astringency, the weight of one berry is 0.5 g. The variety is productive. With shaping, it can be grown in bush form. From the cube variety, crossed with the Businka and Sochnaya varieties, the Daughter Kubovaya and Solnechnaya varieties were formed.
Nevezhinskaya yellow
According to the name, the berries of this variety are orange-yellow in color. In the photo of the Nevezhin yellow rowan you can see that the tree is large in size, but its branches are more tonic than those of the vat tree. The branches are also distinguished by their plasticity - they bend, but do not break under the weight of a large number of fruits.
The berries are round in shape, with noticeable ribbing. The fruits of the yellow variety are used to make kvass, jam, and tinctures. Prepared by drying and soaking.
Nevezhinskaya red
The variety differs from the other two types of Nevezhinskaya in having a larger bright red berry. The red berry is also superior in sweetness to the cube and yellow ones.
The pulp of the Nevezhinsky red rowan fruit is juicy, with a sugar content of 10-12%. The tree may differ in the frequency of fruiting. Productivity increases with plant age.
The benefits and harms of Nevezhinsky rowan
The fruits of Nevezhinskaya are used for vitamin deficiencies and reduced immunity, restoration of the body in the postoperative period. In terms of vitamin C content, berries are superior to lemon and currants. In general multivitamin composition they are similar to sea buckthorn.
Nevezhinskaya contains high amounts of iron, pectin and sorbitol. It is a dietary berry. Normalizes blood sugar levels, improves sleep and mood.
Despite all the positive properties, rowan berries should not be consumed by people with low blood pressure, prone to allergic reactions, or women during pregnancy and lactation. Berries tend to increase blood clotting, so they are not recommended for people with a predisposition to blood clots.
Application of rowan nevezhinskaya
Rowan nevezhinskaya is used as an ornamental and food tree. The berries are used to prepare tinctures, jams, marshmallows, jams and compotes. Fermented teas are prepared from the leaves. The fruits are consumed fresh and dried. The berries are also suitable for feeding farm animals and birds.
Durable furniture is made from wood. Leaves are used to spread vegetables stored in cellars and piles.
Planting and caring for rowan nevezhinskaya
In order to obtain a garden type of sweet rowan from Nevezhinskaya, you need to purchase a seedling-cutting or grafted onto the rootstock of an ordinary rowan. This deciduous, ornamental tree is unpretentious in cultivation and care. Rowan, including varietal, can grow safely on different types of soil, but light and medium loams are preferred for planting.
Preparing the landing site
Nevezhinskaya is planted in light, high areas. The tree is not afraid of drafts, so it can be used to protect more heat-loving crops from winds. When planting in groups, maintain a distance of about 2 m between trees.
Young trees with a bare root system are planted in the spring after the melt water has melted or in the first period of autumn before the onset of frost.When planting in spring, it should be taken into account that the crop begins to grow early.
Landing rules
To plant 1-2-year-old Nevezhin rowan, dig a planting hole 60 cm in size on all sides and in depth. When planting older seedlings, the hole is increased according to the size of the root system. A 20 cm layer of drainage is poured onto the bottom of the planting hole. Large broken bricks or stones are used for drainage.
Fertile soil is poured onto the drainage. Rotted manure or compost is added to ordinary garden soil to increase fertility. On very poor soils, add a handful of any complex fertilizer into the planting hole. Mineral fertilizers are poured between the soil layers so that the roots of the seedling do not come into direct contact with them. The seedling is carefully removed from the container and lowered vertically into the planting hole.
The soil at the planting site is compacted to ensure good contact of the roots with the ground.
Broken or dried shoots are cut off. The planting is watered. At first, the seedling is protected from the bright sun. The ornamental tree takes root over several years and shows little growth in the first years. The crop begins to bloom and bear fruit after 3-4 years, depending on the age of the planted tree.
Watering and fertilizing
The tree is watered additionally up to several times per season, especially when there is insufficient precipitation and the soil dries out. With prolonged drought, a young plant may die, and an adult plant sharply reduces the number of fruits.
Fertilizing is carried out once every few years. To do this, dig a shallow furrow along the diameter of the tree trunk circle.Manure, compost or mineral fertilizers are added to it and covered with a small amount of garden soil.
Pruning Nevezhinsky rowan
Rowan nevezhinskaya without forming branches grows into a very tall and large tree. To have access to the berries, which are located at the tops of the branches, the growth of the tree is restrained by pruning. When adjusting the height, the plant forms more lateral branches and grows well in width. For shaping in the spring, before the sap begins to flow, the branches are cut 10 cm below the topmost bud.
In order to form a culture in the form of a bush, a one-year-old seedling is cut off above the third developed bud and led into 3 trunks.
Preparing for winter
Rowan is frost-resistant and does not require special shelter for the winter. To prevent the light reflected from the snow from overheating the bark in the last winter months, the trunk is covered with screens or wrapped in burlap.
Pollination
Planted singly, Nevezhinsky rowan does not bear fruit because it is a self-sterile tree. In order for berries to form, it is necessary to plant several other species of this crop nearby.
Harvesting
Nevezhinskaya berries can be collected as they ripen. In different regions, the berries ripen in late summer - early autumn.
Unlike ordinary rowan, there is no need to freeze or wait for cold weather to collect it. The berries have a pleasant taste even when unripe.
Diseases and pests
Rowan is less susceptible to diseases and pests than other fruit trees in the garden. Most often, infections occur during rainy summers. The most common disease is rust, which especially appears when trees and shrubs are grown near coniferous trees. Fungal diseases can affect leaves and fruits.Bordeaux mixture is used for processing.
Pests that attack Nevezhinsky rowan:
- rowan aphid;
- rose aphid;
- hawthorn;
- ringed silkworm;
- rowan leaf roller;
- rowan moth;
- sawfly.
To control and prevent the occurrence of pests, rowan, like other garden trees, is treated with insecticides. In autumn, fallen leaves and fruits from under the tree must be raked and burned due to the risk of pests overwintering in them. For the same purpose, shallow digging of the soil around the tree trunk is done.
Ultrasonic repellers are used to control birds.
Reproduction
To propagate Nevezhin rowan, do not use the seed method, which does not impart the sweet taste of its berries. Only the vegetative method is suitable for propagation, for example, by grafting or budding. Rowan rootstock grafted using budding shows good survival rate and fusion with the rootstock. Ordinary or chokeberry can serve as a rootstock for Nevezhinskaya. The nevezhinskaya chokeberry grafted onto chokeberry does not grow as tall as that grafted onto an ordinary one.
In turn, chokeberry, shadberry or pear can be grafted onto varietal rowan. But this will reduce the longevity of the culture.
Conclusion
Nevezhinsky rowan is an ornamental fruit tree that is used for landscaping. Berries are used to vitaminize the body, especially in winter. Nevezhinskaya differs little in appearance from ordinary wild rowan, but its berries do not contain bitterness. Nevezhinskaya is zoned throughout Russia and is unpretentious in care.
