Content
Gooseberries have become widespread in our country due to their high yields, early ripening, nutritional value, medicinal and dietary properties of the berries and the variety of varieties. Spring gooseberry is a fast-ripening variety. In addition to early fruiting, this variety is distinguished for its resistance to diseases and pests, as well as for its undemanding nature in care, cultivation and harvesting.
Description of Yarovaya gooseberry
A description and photo of the Yarovaya gooseberry variety will help amateur gardeners decide on the choice of berry crop.
The Yarovaya gooseberry variety is considered very promising, which was obtained at the Belarusian Scientific Research Institute of Potato and Horticulture as a result of free pollination of seeds of the Columbus variety and belongs to the yellow-fruited varieties. Medium-sized, slightly spreading bushes with a neat crown and almost straight branches reach 1 - 1.5 m. Gooseberry shoots are erect, with an average degree of coverage with long, thin, double, less often single, thorns.This characteristic feature of the variety distinguishes it from others, making it attractive to many gardeners who do not like this crop due to problems associated with increased thorniness of the bushes - during pruning and picking berries.
Lemon-yellow gooseberries of the Yarovaya variety have thin skin and a refreshing sweet-sour taste. The fruits of the shrub are oblong and round in shape and have practically no edge; in rare cases they are covered with individual hairs. The weight of medium-sized berries is 3 - 4 g. The branches of the bushes of the Yarovaya gooseberry variety are covered with shiny dark green leaves with rounded jagged edges.
The gooseberry variety Yarovaya is a self-fertile crop. She does not need pollinators. Fruit set occurs when pollination occurs with pollen from its own flowers. But when pollen from flowers of other varieties gets in, a sharp increase in fruiting occurs.
The Yarovoy variety is most widespread in the North-Western, Central Black Earth, Volga-Vyatka and Volga regions of the country.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
Gooseberries are a temperate climate crop. The spring gooseberry variety is characterized by good winter hardiness. The berry crop is grown without shelter for the winter up to 60° north latitude. In the northern European part of Russia, the Far East, Altai and Siberia, the variety requires additional insulation in winter.
In central Russia, spring gooseberries can tolerate temperatures down to –25…-30 °C. At lower temperatures, the root system of the plant freezes, which is reflected in a decrease in yield indicators. In addition, the crop may freeze due to poor preparation for wintering in the summer-autumn period.This may be due to increased autumn temperatures and higher soil moisture levels.
The productivity of the Yarovoy variety is restored after freezing within 4–5 years. The annual growth of gooseberries freezes at a temperature of -33 ... -34 °C. The roots of young plants are at a temperature of -3 ... -4 ° C. The central chernozem zone is the most favorable for growing the Spring gooseberry variety.
Compared to other types of gooseberries, the Yarovaya variety is characterized by increased drought resistance and tolerance to elevated temperatures. But, being a moisture-loving crop, in conditions of insufficient humidity, gooseberries grow and bear fruit poorly. It is especially important to monitor this indicator during the period from flowering to ripening of berries. The recommended rainfall should be 200 mm. In dry years, the bushes need to be watered abundantly, this will increase the yield by 20 - 25%. The southern regions are unsuitable for growing the spring gooseberry variety without additional irrigation.
Excess moisture also does not benefit the root system of plants. Spring gooseberries are not recommended for planting in wetlands and areas with close groundwater.
Fruiting, productivity
The Yarovaya gooseberry variety is characterized by high yields - up to 6 kg per bush. Under favorable conditions, the bushes can bear fruit for 20 years. Most of the harvest is formed on branches aged 3 to 6 years. Like most berry crops, gooseberries need good light. The shading of growing areas leads to the fact that the berries of the variety become smaller, and the total volume of the harvest is reduced.
The growing season of the variety begins earlier than that of other berry crops.The fruiting period occurs at the end of June - beginning of July. When ripe, the berries stay on the branches for a long time, without falling off for a long time. But don’t delay harvesting. This can lead to a decrease in the vitamin and sugar content of the fruit.
Gooseberry berries of the Yarovaya variety are stored in a cool room for a period of 3–5 days, in refrigerators – much longer.
The spring gooseberry variety is one of the most transportable crops among berry plants. For transportation over long distances, unripe fruits are used, which are poured into boxes with hard walls. You cannot pour berries from one box to another, this can lead to a decrease in the quality of the product.
Gooseberries of the Yarovaya variety contain many micro- and macroelements, as well as up to 42% vitamin C. They can be consumed either fresh or after heat treatment in the form of various preparations - compote, jam, jelly, jelly. The benefits of gooseberries include lowering cholesterol levels, strengthening blood vessels, ridding the body of toxins and heavy metal salts, as well as normalizing the condition of hypertension, obesity, anemia
Advantages and disadvantages
Among other types of gooseberries, the Yarovaya variety stands out due to the following characteristic features:
- early ripening;
- good yield;
- resistance to powdery mildew;
- thin skin and dessert taste of berries;
- high level of frost resistance;
- endurance and shape retention during transportation.
The disadvantages of this variety include:
- rapid overripening;
- mealiness of berries in case of delay in harvesting;
- susceptibility to fungal diseases.
Features of reproduction
Spring gooseberries are propagated by seeds and by vegetation. The first method is used to breed new varieties, since due to free cross-pollination the variety does not produce homogeneous offspring. In order for the characteristics to be preserved, vegetative methods of propagation are used.
The most common ones include:
- Horizontal layering. Well-developed branches with strong annual growth are suitable. The growing season is carried out in early spring, when the soil has already warmed up and begins to crumble slightly, but before the buds open. Suitable branches of the Yarovaya gooseberry variety are bent to the ground, secured with wire staples and left uncovered. At the end of April - beginning of May, vertical shoots appear on the horizontal layering of the Spring gooseberry, they are spudded and sprinkled with earth. In the fall, by the time the root system is formed in the cuttings, the branches are separated from the bush, divided by the number of roots and planted for further cultivation in a greenhouse or nursery.
- Vertical layering. In autumn or early spring, cut branches to 1/3 of their length. In spring, new shoots will appear from the root part. After they reach a height of 15 cm, they are covered with fertile soil. In autumn, rooted shoots are cut off at the very base, after which they are planted in a new place. This method is used mainly when transferring a variety to another area.
- Dividing the bush. The period of implementation is in the fall, after the leaves fall or in the early spring, before the buds open. Old bushes are dug up and divided so that each part has its own root and several young shoots. Old branches are unsuitable for propagation.
- Lignified cuttings. Spring gooseberry cuttings are cut, placed in sand and kept at a temperature of 2 - 3 °C for 1.5 - 2 months. Then they are covered with sawdust and left under the snow cover until spring. In early spring, cuttings are planted for rooting in greenhouses.
- Green cuttings. Young shoots of gooseberries of the Yarovaya variety, about 20 cm long, are cut in the morning at 10 - 11 am or in the afternoon at 15 - 16 o'clock. At this time, the gooseberry branches contain a maximum of dry and biologically active substances, which contributes to better rooting of cuttings. The prepared shoots are divided into parts with 1 - 2 internodes and a total length of 8 - 10 cm. The cuttings are planted early in the morning and after the roots appear, they are fertilized, loosened and treated against pests and diseases. In the fall, rooted cuttings are dug up and planted in a greenhouse for growing.
When propagating gooseberries of the Yarovaya variety with green cuttings, it is possible to achieve the best results: young bushes recover from the negative effects of pests and diseases. The characteristic features and characteristics of the variety are preserved unchanged.
Planting and care
Before planting gooseberries of the Yarovaya variety, it is necessary to pay careful attention to the choice of planting site. The area should be well lit. Failure to comply with this condition will lead to a reduction in yield and a decrease in the percentage of sugar content in the berries. It is recommended to plant bushes along fences or fences. This will protect the plantings from wind and bad weather. The soil should be slightly acidic or neutral. In order to prevent water stagnation in the event of seasonal flooding of the site, it is recommended to provide drainage.
The best time for planting gooseberries is autumn, 3 - 4 weeks before the onset of frost.You can plant seedlings in the spring, but in a very short time - between the melting of the snow and the beginning of sap flow.
For seedlings of the Spring gooseberry variety, dig holes that are 2 times larger than the volume of the roots. The top fertile layer is removed and mixed with rotted manure. A mixture of superphosphate and potassium sulfate can be added to the recess. The branches of young seedlings are cut to 1/3 of the length and planted in planting holes, deepening by 5 - 8 cm. The distance between neighboring bushes should be at least 1 - 1.5 m. A distance of 2 - 2.5 m must be maintained between rows.
Growing rules
After planting in the soil, seedlings need to create favorable conditions for effective growth and high yields. Caring for gooseberries of the Yarovaya variety consists of several main stages, at each of which it is recommended to follow the basic rules of cultivation:
- Watering. The spring variety tolerates drought quite well, but for better growth and yield it is necessary to ensure that the plant receives enough moisture during the growing season. Between the end of July and the beginning of August, the formation of future buds occurs. The recommended frequency of watering at this time is 1 - 2 times a week, 1 bucket per adult Yarovaya gooseberry bush. You need to water from below around the branches, without affecting the foliage. In sunny weather, wet leaves can get burned, and in cloudy weather, a wet surface can become a source of development of various diseases.
- Feeding. It is carried out twice a year: in the spring, and also during planting, organic fertilizer in the form of horse humus or humus is added to the soil. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers, such as urea, will also be beneficial. In summer, during the active growth of gooseberries, it is recommended to add mineral fertilizer obtained from the following components:
- 70 g double superphosphate;
- 100 g of wood ash;
- 30 g of potassium sulfate.
- Trimming. If carried out correctly, you can not only increase the size of the fruit and the overall yield, but also save the Yarovaya gooseberry variety from diseases. Pruning is carried out in early spring in April, before the buds appear, or in late autumn, after harvesting - before the first frost. The branches are cut close to the soil, taking special care, since the root system of the bushes is very close to the surface. In the first years, perennial branches are cut in half: this will create the base of the bush. After 3 years, the bushes of the Yarovaya variety are thinned in order to eliminate thickening. Weak, dried out, old and improperly growing shoots are removed completely. Branches with berries that tend towards the ground are also removed. To rejuvenate the bushes, every year it is necessary to remove several of the oldest shoots. A correctly formed crown of a bush should contain 15–20 branches of 2–3 pieces each. of every age.
- Protection from rodents. To combat rodents in the fall in the garden, it is necessary to dig up tree trunk circles and row spacing. This will destroy existing mouse holes. During this period, a layer of soil is raked from the base of the gooseberry bush, and the lower section of the trunk is tied from the root collar to the first branches with spruce branches so that the needles are directed downward. This will repel pests.You can use sedge or reeds for the same purpose. After tying, the tree trunk circle is again sprinkled with soil. Straw attracts mice, so it is not used. In spring, the bushes are freed from the protective structure. In winter, the snow near the plantings is trampled down to prevent rodents from penetrating the trunk and roots.
- Preparing for winter. Before the first frost, the planting area must be put in order - collect all fallen leaves, remove weeds, trim old and damaged branches. The soil is loosened, mulched and fertilizers are applied - ash, compost, potassium phosphate. Plants are not covered for the winter, since the Yarovaya gooseberry variety is characterized by good frost resistance.
Pests and diseases
Like many other berry crops, the Yarovaya gooseberry variety is susceptible to the negative effects of pests and various diseases.
Of the pests, the greatest damage to the spring gooseberry variety is caused by:
- Gooseberry moth - a gray moth-like butterfly lays up to 200 eggs, from which light green caterpillars are born, damaging and destroying seeds and pulp of berries.
- Glassware - a small butterfly that lays eggs in cracks at the base of the buds of young shoots, from which caterpillars emerge, gnawing into the buds and branches, which gradually wither and dry out.
- yellow sawfly - a small butterfly that lays eggs during the gooseberry flowering period. The voracious larvae destroy all foliage, which leads to the destruction of the current and next year's crops.
- Common spider mite - an insect less than 1 cm in size lives on the underside of leaves, which become spotted, turn yellow, warp, dry out and fall off.
- Gooseberry aphid – sucks the juice out of the plant, damaging the leaf petioles, blades and tops of young branches. Leaves curl and fall off, shoots become bent and growth stops.
To combat pests, gooseberry bushes of the Yarovaya variety are sprayed with the following compounds:
- Bordeaux mixture 1 – 3%;
- copper sulfate - 3%;
- ash.
It is recommended to treat the soil around the bushes with the same means to prevent the spread of various diseases. The main ones include:
- Spheroteka – American powdery mildew. A fungal disease that affects all parts of the bush, first with a white powdery coating and then with a dense coating. The leaves dry out and fall off, the berries crack.
- Septoria – white spotting of leaves - first brown, and then white. Foliage falls en masse, the volume and quality of the harvest decreases.
- Anthracnose - a marsupial mushroom that appears in areas with a humid climate. Small dark spots appear on the lower old leaves, which then merge. The disease can lead to almost complete denudation of bushes in the second half of summer, death of shoots and reduced yield.
Unlike other berry crops, the Yarovaya gooseberry variety is practically not susceptible to viral diseases, with the exception of one transmitted by aphids, as well as by grafting. Translucent yellow stripes appear along the leaf veins. Leaves wrinkle and become deformed. In case of severe infection by the virus, a general inhibition of plant growth, development and fruiting occurs.Timely measures taken will help save gooseberries from death and prevent similar situations from occurring in the future.
Conclusion
Spring gooseberry is unpretentious in care and can take root in any area, thanks to its frost resistance and ability to resist major diseases and pests. The minimum investment of time and effort will soon pay off with high yields and the excellent taste of the first spring berries collected from your plot.
