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Raspberries are valued for the aroma and tenderness of the berries, and for their healing properties. After all, it contains so many vitamins and nutrients that the berry is used for colds, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Raspberries are widely used in cooking for making preserves, jams, compotes, and marmalade. Moreover, all these goodies can be made at home.
That is why the beautiful berry is grown on personal plots and dachas. Beginning gardeners are concerned about many issues of growing plants, including planting raspberries, reproduction and care.
Briefly about raspberries
Before you find out the features of planting raspberries, growing, reproduction and plant care, you should understand the species and varietal diversity.
Raspberries are a member of the rose family. It is a shrub with erect stems covered with thorns. The color of the berry is very different: ruby, red, yellow, even black. Raspberries begin to bear fruit in the second year.
Three types of raspberries are grown in garden plots:
- traditional;
- remontant;
- large-fruited.
Each type of raspberry has its own characteristics. As for varieties, there are a lot of them. Breeders have created plants with different ripening periods.
Lovers of delicious berries liked remontant raspberries.It blooms throughout the season, which significantly increases the yield of the bushes. The berries glow like lights until the first frost. Caring for raspberries is a pleasure if the result is obvious.
Secrets
Gardeners who grow raspberries are always willing to share their secrets. Here are a few:
- For planting, choose sunny places where there is no wind with neutral or slightly acidic soil.
- The timing of planting raspberries is throughout the growing season, but in different ways. For spring planting, a hole or trench is prepared in the fall.
- Growing raspberries can be a bush or single shoots in one row.
Choosing a landing site
Above the question how to plant raspberries correctly, not only young gardeners are thinking about this. First of all, you need to choose a place where the berry will be planted. Often bushes grow along the fence. This is a good solution because the fence protects from the wind.
How to plant raspberries correctly: you cannot choose a plot where strawberries, tomatoes and potatoes were previously grown. But after gooseberries, chokeberries, and currants, raspberry bushes feel great.
You need to care for raspberry bushes correctly. The plant does not like excess soil moisture. Therefore, when choosing a site for planting seedlings, you need to take into account the distance of groundwater to the surface of the earth. A damp area can cause the death of shoots in winter.
The soil under planting raspberries should be fertile, light, and breathable.
Soil preparation
Depending on what time you will plant raspberry seedlings, prepare the soil.
When working in autumn, based on soil fertility, add the following to one square of land:
- from 10 to 30 kg of manure;
- up to 80 grams of superphosphate;
- up to 50 grams of potassium sulfate.
If planting of seedlings is planned for spring, then fertilizers are mixed with soil and the prepared hole is filled - 50x40 cm. Composition of fertilizers:
- compost or humus up to 10 kg;
- potassium sulfate up to 50 grams;
- wood ash – 400 grams;
- superphosphate in granules - 100 grams.
Rules for planting raspberries
At what distance are bushes planted?
Raspberry planting scheme is an important aspect of growing a garden crop. If plants are planted in rows, then the spacing is at least 70 cm between the holes in the row, and the row spacing is up to one and a half meters. No more than two raspberry seedlings can be planted in one hole.
With the tape propagation method, it is planted in one row in increments of 35 to 50 cm. The tapes are placed at a distance of 1.8 to 2 meters.
This distance between the rows and bushes ensures comfortable growing and caring for plants. Each bush is sufficiently illuminated by the sun and well ventilated.
Landing technology
Now let's talk about how to plant raspberries. Before planting, seedlings need to be prepared. First of all, you will need to trim damaged and excess shoots. According to the rules, only one is left on a raspberry seedling, cutting it to a height of 20 cm. If upon inspection it turns out that the root system has dried out, the planting material is soaked in water for 10 hours. During this time, the roots should acquire vitality. Immediately before planting, raspberry roots are moistened in a mullein solution or other nutrient mixture.
Growing raspberries and its yield depend not only on proper care, but primarily on whether the rules for planting seedlings were followed.
Since raspberries can be planted in holes and trenches, let’s look at the features of each method.
- Planting raspberries using the pit method. The soil is poured into a mound and a hole is made. Having lowered the seedling into place, carefully spread the roots over the surface and sprinkle with soil. The next raspberry seedling is planted after 80 cm. The root collar is not buried; it should remain several centimeters above the soil surface. As the soil settles, it will also sink. Deepening the root collar of a seedling can cause rotting of the root bud. A high seating position is also not allowed.
- Planting raspberries in trenches somewhat different. The nutrient composition is filled with the trench along its entire length. First, cover with humus or compost. The layer should be at least 15 cm, then mineral fertilizers and soil are covered. Mix thoroughly with a rake or shovel. The soil is shed, only after that they begin to plant raspberry bushes.
After planting in a hole or trench, the soil around the seedlings is compacted and watered again. About 10 liters of water are poured onto one plant. Growing raspberries is simplified if the plantings are mulched with pine needles, humus, peat, straw, and sawdust, as in the photo below. A moist environment will be maintained under the raspberry seedlings, and the plants will begin to grow faster. In addition, mulch inhibits the growth weed.
You should know that raspberries can be propagated not only by seedlings, but also by offspring, replacement shoots, cuttings, and dividing the bush.
A short video about planting raspberries:
How to care
Planting raspberries and proper care in open ground will ensure a rich harvest of berries.
Caring for raspberries is an important process. Beginner gardeners, in order to avoid mistakes, should listen to the recommendations. To grow abundantly fruiting raspberry bushes, you need to strictly follow agronomic practices:
- Raspberries are a moisture-loving plant and require abundant watering. The soil is moistened to at least 30 cm so that the root system can penetrate deeper. Caring for raspberries in hot weather involves timely watering. The top clod of earth should not be allowed to dry out. To make care easier, you can use drip irrigation when growing raspberry bushes. Plants need abundant watering during fruiting, but under no circumstances should water stagnate or the soil dry out at this time. Excess moisture can cause roots to rot. If there is too much or not enough water during the period of caring for fruit-bearing raspberries, this negatively affects the quality of the berries. At the end of August, watering is reduced if it rains. Shoots need time to mature.
- The plant yields well if the soil underneath is loose. Loosening the soil is carried out after watering, but the work must be done carefully so as not to damage the roots of the young seedling.
- Weeding is one of the principles of caring for berry plantations. You can avoid this procedure if you mulch the soil or spread dark non-woven material under the raspberry bushes.
Trimming
In order for the planted plants to develop harmoniously, it is necessary to carry out timely pruning. This action is directly related to the question of how to grow raspberries: the “operation” can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn.
- The first pruning of raspberries is carried out in the spring. immediately after the snow melts or another cover is removed. Each shoot must be inspected for damage. Branches that have a substandard appearance must be cut at the root. If raspberry care is correct, then to obtain a harvest, leave strong raspberry shoots (no more than 10 per bush) with well-developed branches.
- Summer pruning carried out when the bush blooms. There is no need to leave the wilting tops on the plants; most likely, they are suffering from a viral disease. Stems that are lagging in development must be pruned. At this time, replacement shoots are also removed; when cutting them out, no stump should remain.
- In the fall, cut out all fruit-bearing shoots and young shoots.. The most developed ones are left for replacement, and with a reserve: you never know how they will survive the winter. After control pruning, the stems are bent to the ground and tied together. To prevent them from rising until they are covered, you can press the “sheaves” with a hairpin.
Watch the video about an unusual way of growing raspberries:
Top dressing
If you want to get a rich harvest of berries, you need to know not only how to plant and propagate raspberries, but also how to feed them. After planting raspberries, a berry bush can do without feeding for some time.It uses organic matter and mineral fertilizers placed in a hole or trench. But after a month, the plants will need feeding, otherwise the bushes will grow weakened in winter.
What to feed bushes:
- Rotted manure is used as fertilizer for plants. Organic matter contains the necessary substances. The fertilizer is scattered over the entire surface, lightly sprinkled with earth. This should be done before watering the raspberries. Manure works in two directions - it nourishes the raspberry bush and creates an obstacle to the growth of weeds.
- Plants can be fertilized with wood ash. It is scattered over a slightly moistened surface, mixed with soil and spilled.
- Potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen-containing fertilizers are used to feed raspberries.
- When the leaves turn yellow, which indicates a lack of nitrogen, ammonium nitrate is introduced.
Conclusion
As a rule, planting, growing, and caring for any plants is not an easy, labor-intensive, but interesting task. Raspberries are no exception. How much does a gardener need to know to grow berries of different sizes and colors! But what pride will fill the soul at the sight of raspberry bushes bending under the weight of the harvest!
