Content
Sad row (lat. Tricholoma triste), or tricholoma, is an unremarkable poisonous lamellar mushroom of the Ryadovkov family (Tricholoma). The fruiting body of the mushroom (leg, cap) appears in August – October.
Where the sad rows grow
The sad rower prefers a temperate climate, most often found in moist coniferous and mixed forests, less often in deciduous ones. It grows in the vicinity of spruce or pine, forming mycorrhiza with them (a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between the fungal mycelium and plant roots).
For the sad row type, sandy or calcareous soils are suitable, on which mushrooms grow in groups, forming rows or circles (this feature is reflected in the name).Sometimes they form “witch” circles, often hiding under fallen leaves, partially burying themselves in the soil.
What sad rows look like
The dark gray cap of the sad row has the shape of a semicircle or bell, and its diameter reaches 2-5 cm. Mature mushrooms come with a prostrate or flat-convex cap, it has a tubercle and tightly closed hairs that form a felt pubescence.
The edges of the cap are white or pale gray, sometimes with darker dots. Often the edge of the cap has cracks.
The flesh of the sad row is also white or grayish, thick. The wide plates on the reverse side of the cap are notched and adherent, gray in color. Smooth oblong or ellipsoidal spores resembling white powder are formed on the walls of the fungal plates.
The length of the dense stem of the sad row is 3-5 cm, with a diameter of 4-10 mm. It may have the shape of a cylinder, painted white, gray or fawn. On the stem of the mushroom there are dark gray scales in a sparse or dense layer.
Is it possible to eat sad rows
The sad row is not eaten as food, as it contains the alkaloid muscarine, which is dangerous to human life. In this case, the dose may exceed the content of this poison in the fly agaric or toadstool. The alkaloid is a syrupy liquid that paralyzes the nervous system. It leads to increased contractions of the walls of the intestines, stomach, uterus, spleen and bladder. Pancreatic secretion and bile production may also increase. The opinion that a mushroom eaten by worms is edible is erroneous. They can also be found on poisonous species.
How to distinguish sad rows
You can distinguish the sad row from edible types of mushroom by a gray lamellar, pubescent cap with an uneven edge and a scaly, dense light-colored stem.
It has a characteristic floury smell. But, since sometimes the sad row does not have a pronounced aroma, it is worth carefully studying its main external signs and refusing to collect suspicious mushrooms. The pulp of the poisonous row, reacting with oxygen, changes color when broken.
Symptoms of poisoning
The first symptoms of poisoning by the melancholy mushroom appear within 1-3 hours, less often - after 3-24 hours after consuming toxic mushrooms. The less time passes before your health deteriorates, the more severe the disease may be.
Signs of poisoning by the sad rowan include:
- headache;
- thirst;
- increased sweating;
- diarrhea;
- nausea and vomiting;
- drowsiness;
- low pressure;
- noise in ears;
- dizziness;
- heavy salivation;
- heat;
- cutting pain in the abdomen;
- blurred vision (lack of clarity);
- disorientation;
- weakness;
- increased or slow heartbeat;
- loss of consciousness;
- convulsions (in severe cases).
First aid for poisoning
There is no need to wait for all of the above symptoms to appear. Signs of poisoning by this mushroom progress very quickly. The slightest delay can lead to death. You should immediately seek medical help. Then proceed to first aid:
- Rinse the stomach with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate (several crystals of potassium permanganate are placed in 1.5 liters of boiled water and stirred thoroughly).The drug must dissolve completely so as not to injure the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach. You can also use a saline solution (0.5 teaspoon of salt per 1 liter of water). Drink and then induce vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue.
- Take an adsorbent (activated carbon, Filtrum, Polysorb, Smecta, Enterosgel, Polyphepan, Sorbex, Atoxil). It will absorb toxins without causing harm to the body.
- If there is no diarrhea, you can take a laxative (for more effective cleansing) or cleanse the intestines with an enema. Castor oil (1 tbsp) is used as a laxative.
- After taking the medications, rest and bed rest are recommended. It is advisable to stay warm and apply heating pads to your arms and legs.
- Drink as much water as possible. Herbal infusions and strong black tea with sugar will help.
In further treatment, after a medical examination, specialists carry out detoxification therapy with the help of medications, prescribe a diet and take vitamins to strengthen the immune system. If internal organs are damaged (renal failure, dysfunction of the cardiovascular system), measures are taken to restore their functionality.
Conclusion
In Russia, the sad row plant species is not very common, and information about it is insufficient. Externally, this mushroom may be similar to some edible tricholomas. Therefore, you should be careful about the collected rows and carefully select them for consumption.
