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Growing porcini mushrooms on an industrial scale is a good idea for starting your own business. Boletuses are obtained from spores or mycelium, which are obtained independently or purchased ready-made. Conditions conducive to the active growth of these fungi must be provided.
Features of porcini mushrooms
Porcini mushrooms have excellent taste, so they are used to prepare soups, main courses and appetizers.
The calorie content of boletus mushrooms is 22 Kcal, but they contain proteins, vitamins and various useful substances.
These mushrooms prefer dry soils and are rarely found in young forest plantations less than 50 years old. In natural conditions, even an experienced mushroom picker cannot always detect them.
Therefore, the cost of 1 kg of boletus mushrooms reaches 1 thousand rubles, which makes them an attractive object for investment.If the necessary conditions are provided, porcini mushrooms can be grown for sale.
Previously, it was believed that it was difficult to obtain a good boletus harvest on an industrial scale. This was explained by the fact that these mushrooms form a symbiosis of mycelium with tree roots. However, research by Dutch scientists has refuted this claim.
Growing conditions
Active growth of porcini mushrooms begins when certain conditions are provided.
After planting, the mycelium is in the incubation stage, for which the following indicators are required:
- temperature within 23-25°C;
- no drafts or ventilation;
- humidity not more than 90%;
- complete absence of light.
When mushroom caps appear, the conditions change:
- the temperature is reduced to 10°C;
- provide good ventilation of the room;
- watering twice a day;
- The lights are turned on for 5 hours every day.
The first harvest is harvested after 20 days. The grown mushrooms are carefully cut at the root with a knife.
Feedstock
Mushrooms are grown from spores or mycelium. In industrial settings, mycelium is most often used. Another way to obtain mushrooms is to use mycelium, which is taken from the forest.
Receiving a dispute
To grow mushroom spores, you need to follow a certain algorithm:
- Collect about 15 mushrooms with caps measuring 15 cm or more.
- The caps are separated from the mushrooms and placed in water (200 g per liter). For 10 liters of water add 3 tbsp. l. sugar or alcohol.
- The container with mushrooms is kept warm for a day at high humidity.
- After the specified time, the caps are crushed to form a homogeneous mass.
Using mycelium
The mycelium is the vegetative body of fungi, which can vary depending on its internal structure.The sale of mycelium is carried out by various enterprises that grow mushrooms on an industrial scale. They obtain the necessary material in laboratory conditions.
Mycelium is packaged by weight in plastic containers or plastic bags. When storing and transporting it, it is important that the temperature is kept low.
You can also obtain mycelium at home. To do this, take the fruiting body of the mushroom and place it in a sterilized test tube. For two weeks, the test tube is placed in a warm room with a temperature of 24 degrees. The finished mycelium is planted in the substrate.
The purchased mycelium is checked according to several indicators:
- appearance (white color, absence of yellow or green areas, pronounced mushroom smell);
- homogeneous structure of the mycelium grain (determined by cutting one or more grains);
- landing of the prototype.
Mycelium is planted in a certain order:
- Place the mycelium in the cold for several hours.
- Grinding mycelium directly in the bag.
- Mixing the mycelium and soil and placing it at the breeding site. The top layer of soil should be up to 7 cm.
Choosing a growing method
Boletus mushrooms are grown naturally in the open air. In industrial conditions, a greenhouse or a special room is prepared, which is equipped with the necessary equipment.
Growing in an open area
You can plant porcini mushrooms outdoors if there are trees in the area. The planting procedure includes several stages:
- In an area where pine, oak, spruce, oak or birch trees grow, remove a layer of soil (10 cm).The procedure is performed around each tree within a radius of 0.5 m.
- The roots of the trees are covered with mycelium or fungal spores, then the removed soil is returned to its place.
- The plantings are watered every few days. The area around one tree will require about 20 liters of water.
- To maintain the required level of humidity, the mycelium is covered with straw (up to 0.5 m).
- For the winter, the area can be covered with moss or straw.
Fruiting begins in the second year. The disadvantage of this method is that the harvest is obtained only during the mushroom season. For year-round cultivation, preparation of a greenhouse or special room is required.
Growing in a greenhouse
Special varieties have been bred for the propagation of porcini mushrooms in greenhouses. A glass or film greenhouse is suitable for these purposes.
The main condition here is to ensure minimal lighting. Direct sunlight should not penetrate the greenhouse.
To grow boletus mushrooms in a greenhouse, you should adhere to the following algorithm:
- Purchase of soil.
- Adding sawdust of any kind, manure, compost or organic fertilizers to the soil.
- The mixture is left to infuse for a week.
- The soil is moved to a greenhouse and mushroom mycelium is planted.
Growing at home
If the necessary conditions are provided, boletus mushrooms can be grown in the cellar, basements and even in apartments. It is most convenient to use plastic bags for growing mushrooms, which can be hung from the ceiling or placed on racks.
In the basement it is better to fill the floor with concrete. Wooden or dirt floors promote the spread of harmful microorganisms.
The bags have ventilation holes through which porcini mushrooms will grow. To do this, cross-shaped cuts are made in the bags every 10 cm.
The procedure for harvesting porcini mushrooms is as follows:
- Obtaining mycelium in any suitable way.
- A substrate is prepared consisting of hay, sunflower husks, sawdust, and chopped corn cobs.
- The substrate is filled with water and placed on fire. It needs to be boiled for an hour and then cooled.
- The mycelium and substrate are mixed, and the mycelium content in the mixture is 5%.
- The resulting mass is compacted into bags in which cuts are made.
Purchase of equipment
Special equipment helps maintain conditions that allow the mycelium to germinate. Additionally, measuring instruments are purchased that will allow you to monitor the necessary indicators.
Maintaining temperature and humidity
If the room is cold, install heaters or heat guns. After the mushrooms have germinated, you can turn them off or lower the temperature.
Split systems help provide the required temperature in a short time. If cultivation is planned all year round, then heating is recommended.
To maintain the required humidity, you need to install sprayers in the room. Containers filled with water are placed every 2 m. An effective way to retain moisture is to use sawdust.
Lighting installation
The only type of mushroom that does not require access to light is the champignon. Porcini mushroom is more demanding in terms of lighting.
If the growth of porcini mushrooms takes place indoors, you need to install lighting fixtures. In this case, fluorescent lamps with a power of 100 to 180 lux/h are selected. The lamps must be marked RDL or DRLF, which indicates the study of the red-blue spectrum, as close as possible to the natural one. It is allowed to use lamps marked LDC or LTBC.
Room ventilation
Natural ventilation is not enough to support the growth of fungi. As they ripen, they require more intense air flow.
Therefore, a ventilation system is installed in the room. A hood is installed at the bottom of the walls or on the floor. This is necessary to eliminate fungal spores, which in large quantities are harmful to the body.
Watering mushrooms
During the period of active growth, mushrooms need intensive watering. You can provide moisture manually using a spray bottle.
Irrigation systems are installed on an industrial scale to provide drip water supply. Its temperature should be 18°C. When cold water enters, the mycelium may die.
Conclusion
Porcini mushrooms are valued for their rich composition and high taste. On an industrial scale, they are grown in a greenhouse, basement or other prepared room. To get a good harvest, you need to purchase the necessary equipment, soil, substrate and mycelium.
