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Black chanterelles are edible mushrooms, although they are little known. Horn-shaped funnel is the second name. They are difficult to find in the forest due to their dark color. The appearance of chanterelles is not conducive to collecting. Only experienced mushroom pickers know about their value and when collecting they put them in a basket.
Where do black chanterelle mushrooms grow?
Black mushrooms, similar in appearance to chanterelles, grow in temperate zones. They are found on the continents: North America and Eurasia.In Russia they grow everywhere: in the mountains and on flat terrain.
As a rule, they are found in mixed or deciduous forests. It is believed that black chanterelle forms mycorrhiza with the roots of deciduous trees. Some mycologists classify it as a saprophyte, that is, organisms that feed on dead organic matter. Therefore, the funnel-shaped funnel can be found on leaf litter.
They feel good on sufficiently moist soil, rich in clay and lime. They grow in places where light penetrates, along paths, ditches, and roadsides.
They appear in early July and stay until October. In conditions of prolonged warmth, they bear fruit in the fall until November. The black chanterelle grows in groups, sometimes in entire colonies.
What do black foxes look like?
The black chanterelles shown in the photo form a stem and cap that form the fruiting body. The parts of the mushroom are not separated. The hat takes the shape of a deep funnel, the edges of which are curved outward. The edge is wavy; in old mushrooms it is torn into separate lobes. The inside of the funnel is grayish-black in color; in young chanterelles it has a brown tint. The color of the cap may vary depending on weather conditions. In wet weather the cap is often black, in dry weather it is brown.
On the underside, the surface of the funnel is grayish-white, wrinkled and tuberculate. During the ripening period, the color is gray-gray. The lower part of the cap has no plates. The spore-bearing part, the hymenium, is located here. Light spores ripen in the spore-bearing layer. They are small, ovoid, smooth. After they ripen, the lower part of the cap appears to be powdered with a light or yellowish coating.
The height of the mushroom is up to 10-12 cm, the diameter of the cap can be about 5 cm. The funnel-shaped depression of the cap gradually goes into the cavity of the stem.It is short, very narrowed at the end, and empty inside. Its height is only 0.8 cm.
The inside of the funnel funnel is gray in color. The pulp is very tender, filmy. In adult chanterelles it is almost black. Does not have a mushroom smell. When dried, the aroma and taste of the mushroom are quite pronounced.
Due to its appearance it has different names. “Cornucopia” is the name of the mushroom in England, the inhabitants of France call it the “pipe of death”, the Finns call it the “black horn”.
Is it possible to eat black chanterelles?
Black chanterelle mushrooms are considered edible. They are classified in the 4th category based on taste. These are usually little-known mushrooms. Connoisseurs and connoisseurs of the gifts of nature consider them delicacies. The mushroom is popular in England, France and Canada. In terms of taste characteristics, it is equated to truffles and morels. Among chanterelles, it is considered the most delicious mushroom.
For culinary purposes, a funnel-shaped cap is used. The legs are not used in cooking because they are hard.
No special treatment is needed before eating them. Black chanterelles are not peeled or soaked, and they rarely harbor worms. Chanterelles are thoroughly cleaned of debris, washed and used:
- for drying;
- canning;
- preparing various dishes;
- frost;
- obtain seasoning - mushroom powder.
It is recommended to eat young mushrooms. Old people accumulate toxins. They can be poisoned even after heat treatment.
False doubles of black foxes
Black foxes have doubles, but they are not called false. A related mushroom is considered to be the tortuous funnelwort. It is distinguished by a lighter color and a rather dissected cap.The underside has pseudoplates unlike the black chanterelle. The leg has no voids. This mushroom is considered conditionally edible.
This species has similarities with another mushroom – Urnula goblet. This mushroom appears dense and leathery, with a glass-like shape. The edge of the cap is slightly curved inward. The color is the same black as the chanterelle's. Grows on rotting trees. It is not used for food due to its hardness.
Taste qualities of black chanterelles
It is believed that the taste of black chanterelles is the same as that of ordinary ones. Taste and aroma are most intense after heat treatment. Without the use of seasonings, the funnel carob resembles the taste of unsweetened dried fruit. Due to their neutrality, mushrooms can be seasoned with any spices, seasonings, and sauces.
When prepared, it is easily absorbed by the body and does not create heaviness in the stomach. During cooking, the water may turn black and it is recommended to drain it.
There is information that the funnel-shaped funnelwort can be eaten raw, sprinkled with salt.
Experienced mushroom pickers find the taste pleasant and recommend collecting black chanterelle.
The benefits of black chanterelles
Black chanterelle mushrooms, presented in the photo in the previous sections, according to the description of their composition, have healing properties. Due to this, they are used in medicine. Alcohol tinctures, powder based on funnelwort, as well as oil extracts are prepared. The widespread use of mushrooms is based on their beneficial properties:
- anti-inflammatory;
- immunostimulating;
- bactericidal;
- anthelmintics;
- antitumor and some others.
Black chanterelles accumulate many trace elements. Marked: zinc, selenium, copper. The mushroom contains some amino acids, vitamins A, B, PP.Thanks to this set, they help restore vision. The substances in their composition have a positive effect on the mucous membrane of the eyes and contribute to its hydration. Prevents the occurrence and development of eye infections. Their use can be considered as a prevention of eye diseases.
Preparations based on black chanterelles help strengthen the nervous system and enrich the blood with hemoglobin. Used to treat liver diseases, in particular hepatitis C.
Hinomannose, which black chanterelles contain, is used in the treatment of sore throats, boils and abscesses, and helminthiasis. The substance also delays the development of tuberculosis by acting on the causative agent of the disease.
Mushrooms are beneficial for diabetics. Enzymes in chanterelles encourage pancreatic cells to recover.
However, there are contraindications to the use of funnelwort. Among them are:
- allergy;
- age up to 5 years;
- pregnancy period;
- period of breastfeeding;
- inflammatory processes of the digestive organs;
- pancreatitis.
Collection rules
Mushrooms called funnel mushrooms are collected as they appear - from July until autumn. It has been noticed that they bear fruit better and more in August. You should look for them in mixed forests or deciduous forests, in open areas. They can also be in the shade, under leaves and moss. Not found in purely coniferous forests.
They grow in groups; if you notice one mushroom, you need to inspect the entire surrounding area. Their color makes them difficult to see.
Mushrooms are cut with a sharp knife, trying not to harm the mycelium.You should not take funnel-shaped funnelweeds along highways, as they accumulate harmful substances.
The funnel mushroom is distinguished by its black color, as well as a funnel-shaped cap with a raised edge and a fragile mushroom body. The black chanterelle has no poisonous counterparts.
Application of funnel funnel carotid
“Black horn”, as the mushroom is called, is dried and obtained into powder or flour. It is used as a seasoning for various dishes: meat, fish. Sauces and gravies are prepared on its basis. When dried, the mushroom retains all its valuable properties.
The funnel-shaped funnel is used for growing in artificial conditions. To do this, you must meet some conditions:
- You can dig up a small deciduous tree and move it to your site along with the forest litter. The litter should contain black chanterelle mycelium. It is located at a distance of 20 cm from the top layer. The tree needs to be watered, but the mycelium does not. She receives food from the tree. The mushroom does not grow under fruit trees.
- You can try to grow funnelwort with the help of spores. To do this, take the caps of overripe chanterelles. Spread under a tree and water regularly. Do not allow the soil to dry out, since the germinating mycelium loves moisture. When it dries out, it will die.
- You can purchase ready-made mycelium in the store at a reasonable price.
You can plant black chanterelle from June to October. If it takes root, there will be a harvest next summer.
Conclusion
Black chanterelles are little-known mushrooms. Gourmets and connoisseurs of nature's gifts use them to add exquisite taste to dishes. “Black Horn” cannot be confused with other conditionally edible counterparts.The funnel funnel can be a great addition to any table. Using mushroom flour you can diversify your menu in the winter. In addition, it has a lot of useful properties.
