Content
The Anis Sverdlovsky apple tree is a modern, popular variety that is mainly cultivated on an industrial scale. Beautiful fruits with a refreshing taste and pronounced aroma are consumed fresh. Ripe apples are used to produce jams, preserves, dried fruits, and various dessert preserves.
Apple tree Anis Sverdlovsky - prolific, early-fruiting, frost-resistant variety
History of selection
The apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky was obtained relatively recently in Yekaterinburg by the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences) at the horticulture experimental station in Sverdlovsk. The author of the variety is Candidate of Agricultural Sciences L. A. Kotov. In 2002, the culture was officially tested and included in the Russian state register of breeding achievements. The plant was bred by crossing apple tree varieties “Melba” (Canada) and “Purple Anise” (Ural variety).
In 2002, the apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky was patented by the originator
Description of the apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky with photo
Anise of the Ural variety of Sverdlovsky apple trees stands out among anise crops with its bright taste characteristics, marketable appearance of the fruit, and versatility regarding cultivation and use in various climatic conditions.
The authors of the apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky managed to achieve better characteristics of frost resistance, early fruitfulness and multiple births
Appearance of fruit and tree
Apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) Anise variety Sverdlovsk is distinguished by the following varietal characteristics:
- crown height up to 3.5 m;
- the shape of the crown is oval-like (in young trees), wide-pyramidal (in mature trees);
- the trunk is strong, with straight, heavily pubescent, brown shoots;
- bark color is gray-brown;
- the shape of the leaves is round, with jagged edges;
- the color of the leaves is dark green with a characteristic light green central vein;
- fruit weight up to 120 g;
- the shape of the fruit is ribbed, slightly flattened, round-oval;
- the surface of the fruit is hard;
- the main color of the fruit is light yellow;
- the outer color of the fruit is blurred, solid, bright red;
- the color inside the fruit is white with a cream tint;
- the structure of the pulp is juicy, fine-grained, tender;
- medium, classic apple aroma;
- The peel of the fruit is dry, thin, medium density, shiny, with a waxy coating.
The Anis Sverdlovsky apple tree is a fast-bearing crop; ripening occurs 4 years after budding
Lifespan
Apple trees Anis of the Ural variety Sverdlovsky are characterized by a long life cycle (up to 35-40 years). By 3-4 years the crop begins to actively bear fruit.The main peak of yield occurs at 20-30 years of age.
Adult Anis Sverdlovsky apple trees are characterized by abundant and friendly ripening of fruits
Taste
The taste characteristics of Anis Sverdlovsky apples can be described as sweet and sour, with a caramel flavor. The culture inherited the magnificent candy “amber” from the mother variety “Melba”. The pulp contains a record amount of vitamin C (22%), sugar (13.5%), acid (0.8%).
The original and perfect taste of Anis Sverdlovsky apples is rated 4.5 out of 5
Growing regions
Anis Sverdlovsky apple trees are characterized by a high degree of drought resistance and winter hardiness. A humid climate with rainy summers is detrimental to the crop due to the lack of immunity to scab.
Apple trees of the Sverdlovsk Anis variety take root well in horticultural farms of the Udmurt, Bashkir, Kurgan, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Perm, and Yekaterinburg regions. Since their inclusion in the state register of breeding achievements, the plants have been officially recommended for breeding in the Volga-Vyatka region of Russia.
The apple tree variety Sverdlovsk Anis is not particularly picky about the composition of the soil, so it can grow in Altai, the Urals, the Urals, Siberia and the Central Belt of the Russian Federation
Productivity
The Sverdlovsky anise apple tree begins to bear fruit from the age of 5 after successfully completed budding. Starting from the age of 8, adult plants are capable of producing up to 75-80 kg of fruit from one tree per season. The ripening period is mid-September.
Fruiting occurs annually, without interruption
Frost resistance
The apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky was specially bred for cultivation in regions with harsh winters.Plants easily tolerate low temperature conditions (up to - 40 ⁰C) without significant damage. The crop is suitable for cultivation in northeastern regions with strong winds, cold winter conditions, and continental climate.
With partial freezing, the branches of the apple tree quickly recover in the spring
Resistance to diseases and pests
Among the dangerous bacterial and viral diseases of the Anis apple tree variety are the following:
- Scab is a fungal disease that appears as olive-colored spots on foliage and black spots on fruit. Apples crack and lose their marketability.
Spraying with fungicides and a solution of Bordeaux mixture will help rid apple trees of scab.
- Powdery mildew is characterized by the appearance of a white coating on leaves and branches. To get rid of the disease, plants must be treated with colloidal sulfur and Bordeaux mixture.
The most effective against powdery mildew on apple trees is the modern fungicide “Topaz”
- Rust is characterized by the appearance of orange spots on the foliage. To prevent rust, apple trees are treated with a solution of copper sulfate.
To get rid of rust, you can spray trees with modern preparations “Raek”, “Horus”, “Skor”, “Abiga-Peak”
In addition to diseases, apple trees are subject to attacks by insects and pests: aphids, codling moths, leaf rollers.
Modern insecticides (Iskra-M, Karbofos, Nitrafen) have shown their effectiveness in controlling pests of apple trees.
Flowering period and ripening period
Flowering of apple trees of the Anis Sverdlovsky variety occurs in mid-May and lasts about 10 days. The pink-raspberry buds lose their saturation as they open and become white with a subtle pink tint. The oval petals are located separately, the pistil and stamens are pale yellow in color.
Experienced gardeners recommend cutting off the flower stalks of one-year-old apple tree seedlings so that the plant does not waste energy on flowering and forming ovaries
The ripening period for the crop is at the end of August or beginning of September. At the stage of technical maturity, apple fruits become two-colored. A bright red blush (up to 4/5 of the surface) spreads over the entire yellowish-green surface. Ripe fruits are characterized by a shiny, dense skin with a slight bluish coating. They are held on branches by strong, small stalks. Apple saucer Anis Sverdlovsky is small, with a half-closed or closed cup, a large heart-shaped heart, light brown egg-shaped grains.
With abundant flowering, about 90% of the ovaries of apple trees fall in color, 10% participate in the formation of fruits
Pollinators
Anise varieties of apple trees are self-sterile crops that require pollinating varieties that coincide in flowering time. Pollen carriers are wind and insects. Varieties such as Bellefleur-Kitayka, Iyulsky Chernenko, Antonovka, and Yandykovsky are ideal as pollinators for Anis Sverdlovsky apple trees.
The apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky is a pollinator for other varieties of apple trees (Volzhanka, Jonathan, Uslada, Svezhest, Gala, Aelita).
Co-pollination significantly increases tree productivity
Transportation and keeping quality
Anis apples of the popular Sverdlovsk variety are distinguished by fairly good transportability due to their dense peel; they are grown for sale. For transportation, ripe fruits are carefully placed in clean boxes. Apples are characterized by a low shelf life, up to 2-3 months from the moment they are picked from the tree.
The marketable value of apples is estimated at 80%, the quantitative indicator of the highest quality fruits is 35%
Advantages and disadvantages
The apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky is characterized by the following advantages:
- high level of drought resistance and winter hardiness;
- unpretentiousness to weather conditions and soil composition;
- abundant harvests;
- original taste of fruits;
- early onset of fruiting;
- sufficient transportability;
- ease of cultivation and universal care.
Among the disadvantages of the crop are the relatively short shelf life of fruits and the tendency to shed when ripe.
Landing
The algorithm for planting apple tree seedlings of the Anis variety Sverdlovsky comes down to performing the following manipulations:
- as a planting site, it is necessary to choose light, dry, fertile areas with breathable, loose, fertile soil (loamy, sandy loam soils);
- holes measuring 70x100 cm are prepared on the day of planting;
- a broken brick drainage is placed at the bottom of the planting hole;
- 10 liters of water are poured into the hole;
- half the height is covered with a mixture of the top fertile layer of soil, mineral and organic fertilizers;
- a wooden peg is driven into the hole, which serves as a support for the young tree;
- A seedling is placed in a half-filled hole and the root system is carefully straightened;
- the seedling is sprinkled with earth, compacted and watered abundantly;
- The planting site is mulched with peat, rotted manure, and humus to preserve moisture.
The time for planting seedlings in open ground is October or April
Growing and care
Caring for apple trees Anise variety Sverdlovsky is not particularly difficult:
- 4-stage periodic watering. The first stage of watering begins in early spring, just before the start of the growing season. The second is during flowering. The third is during the period of fruit ripening. The fourth - before the onset of autumn cooling.
Under each tree bring 3-5 buckets (volume 10 l) of warm water
- 3-stage periodic feeding. The first stage of fertilization with nitrogen preparations is before the buds open. The second stage of fertilizing with potassium and phosphorus fertilizers is after flowering. The third is fertilizing with organic matter after harvesting.
Compost and rotted manure can be used as organic fertilizers.
- Weeding and cleaning the area near apple trees from organic debris.
During the season, the area near the trees is cleared of weeds several times
- Loosening the area near apple crops should be done after each watering.
Loosening will provide oxygen access to the root system
- Pest prevention. To prevent pests, trees are sprayed with insecticides twice a season.
Insecticides are an effective means of controlling aphids, leaf rollers, and codling moths.
- Pruning and thinning of branches to create an aesthetic appearance of the crown.
Annual autumn pruning of branches contributes to the formation of the correct pyramidal shape of the crown of apple trees Anis variety Sverdlovsk
- Preparing for winter.The set of measures consists of covering tree tables, whitewashing for disinfection, removing fallen leaves, mulching the area around the trunk with humus, cleaning branches and trunks from rot and treating them with garden varnish. For the winter, the trunks are wrapped in paper or burlap. The snow around the trees is trampled down to retain more moisture.
Covering the trunks helps to effectively protect the bark from rodents
- Annual spring care involves whitewashing trunks, pruning frozen branches, removing piping, applying fertilizer, loosening the soil, and treating against pests.
Spring whitewashing of apple trees is a must-do event that allows you to get rid of fungal diseases and pests
Collection and storage
Anis apple trees of the Sverdlovsk variety bear fruit annually and abundantly. Technical maturity of the fruit occurs in early September. Apples ripen at the same time and are characterized by the same size.
The fruits of the variety can be stored until December, but most often they are used earlier for fresh consumption and for processing to avoid spoilage. Apples become juicier 10 days after being picked from the tree.
Thanks to their durable peel, apples can withstand long-term transportation.
Conclusion
The Anis Sverdlovsky apple tree is a relatively young variety that is distinguished by its decorative and attractive crown appearance and excellent taste characteristics. In spring, during flowering, trees decorate garden plots with white and pink foam of fragrant inflorescences. In summer, yellow-green and later red-sided apples ripen among the green foliage.
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