Content
Apple tree Valya is a productive winter variety. Caring for columnar varieties has its own characteristics that must be taken into account when growing them.
History of selection
Columnar Apple tree The currency was introduced in 1986 by scientists from the VSTISP of the Russian Agricultural Academy in Moscow. Parent varieties: columnar KV6 and American OR38T17. Selection work was carried out by V.V. Kichina and N.G. Morozova.
An application for registration of the Currency variety in the state register was submitted in 2001. After testing, information about the apple tree was entered into the state register in 2004.
Description of the variety and characteristics with photos
Columnar apple tree The currency is recommended for cultivation in the Central region. The variety is winter and ripens late.
Mature tree height
The Currency apple tree is compact in size and reaches a height of about 2.5 m.Although the trees are considered semi-dwarf, they grow quickly. Annual growth is up to 20 cm.
Fruit
Apples of the Valyuta variety are large in size and weigh from 130 to 240 g. The shape is regular, round-conical.
The color of the apples is light yellow, there are inconspicuous gray subcutaneous dots. A red blush appears in the sun. The pulp of the fruit is white, medium density, juicy and fine-grained.
Productivity
The Currency variety ripens at a later date. The fruits are harvested in the first ten days of October. Ripe apples stay on the branches and do not fall off. The fruits are suitable for winter storage.
Columnar apple tree Currency brings the first harvest 3 years after planting. Productivity is rated at a high level.
In the 4th year, 5-6 kg of apples are collected from the tree. With constant care, the yield from an adult apple tree reaches 10 kg.
Winter hardiness
The Valyuta variety has a fairly high resistance to winter frosts. Trees tolerate temperature drops down to -35 degrees. At the same time, resistance to drought remains at an average level.
Crown width
The crown is dense, columnar, 20 cm wide. The shoots are medium in size and arranged compactly. The leaves are dark green, elongated. In autumn, the leaves do not turn yellow, but fall green.
Self-fertility
The Currency variety is self-fertile. When planting, a distance of 0.5 m is maintained between apple trees. 1 m is left between rows. To obtain a high yield, other columnar or ordinary varieties are planted between apple trees of the Valyuta variety.
Disease resistance
The Currency variety is characterized by increased resistance to scab. This feature is determined genetically. During the entire period of cultivation of the variety in the Moscow region, no signs of scab were recorded.
Frequency of fruiting
Fruiting of the Currency variety remains stable for 15-16 years. Then some of the ringlets dry out and the yield drops. The lifespan of an apple tree is up to 50 years.
Tasting assessment
Apples of the Valyuta variety have a sweet dessert taste and pronounced aroma. Tasting score – 4.5 points out of 5. There is a sense of sourness in the pulp. The taste qualities are preserved during long-term storage of apples.
Landing
The Currency apple tree is planted in a prepared place. Work is carried out in spring or autumn. The procedure for this does not depend on the planting period.
Selecting a location, preparing the pit
An open area that is protected from the wind and away from buildings, fences, and other fruit trees is suitable for an apple tree. The culture prefers light, fertile soils.
The planting pit for the Currency apple tree is prepared 2-3 weeks before work. This period is necessary for the soil to shrink. A hole measuring 50x50 cm is sufficient for the seedling. The depth depends on the length of the root system.
in autumn
The columnar apple tree Currency is planted in September or October after leaf fall. The plant will have time to adapt to new conditions before the onset of cold weather.
When planting in autumn, substances containing nitrogen are not added to the soil. Such fertilizers stimulate the development of shoots.
in spring
For spring planting, it is better to prepare the hole in the fall. The soil is fertilized with compost (3 buckets), potassium sulfate (50 g) and superphosphate (100 g). Until spring, the soil will compact and the nutrients will dissolve.
Planting of the Currency apple tree begins after the snow has melted and the soil has warmed up. The work is carried out before the buds open.
Care
Regular care of the Currency apple tree helps to get a high yield. The tree needs watering, fertilizing and pruning.To prevent diseases and the spread of pests, spraying is carried out.
Watering and fertilizing
The root system of columnar apple trees does not go into the deep layers of the soil. Therefore, in spring and summer, young trees are watered every 3 days. In a drought, you will have to add moisture every other day.
Mature trees require watering every week. Moisture is especially important during the flowering period of the apple tree. In mid-June, the intensity of watering is reduced, and in August it is completely stopped. The last application of moisture is carried out in the fall to prepare the apple tree for winter and increase its frost resistance.
Watering the Currency apple tree is combined with fertilizing. In early spring, before buds open, trees are watered with slurry or infusion of chicken droppings.
Before flowering and during fruit filling, the Valyuta apple tree is fed with a solution consisting of 50 g of superphosphate and 40 g of potassium sulfate. Fertilizer is poured under the root.
In the fall, after the end of fruiting, 100 g of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers are placed in the tree trunk circle. It is better to avoid using substances containing nitrogen during this period.
Preventative spraying
To protect trees from diseases and pests, preventive spraying is necessary. The Valyuta variety is processed in early spring before the sap begins to flow and in late autumn, when the harvest is harvested. During the growing season, all spraying is stopped 3 weeks before fruit harvesting.
The Currency apple tree is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or a solution of the drug Nitrafen. In the spring, you can use a urea solution for treatment, which saturates the trees with nitrogen and destroys insects.
Trimming
The Currency apple tree is pruned in early spring before sap flow.The central conductor is not shortened so as not to cause excessive branching.
A columnar apple tree is cut into 3-4 eyes, then powerful branches will grow from them. If you leave 7-8 eyes, shoots of medium strength will appear. Be sure to remove dry, broken and frozen branches.
Shelter for the winter, protection from rodents
In late autumn, the trunk of a young apple tree is treated with a chalk solution and covered with spruce branches. Additionally, hilling and mulching of the tree trunk circle with compost are carried out.
For mature trees, it is recommended to whiten the trunk and only then proceed with covering. After snow falls, a snowdrift is thrown over the Valya apple tree.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The main advantages of the Currency variety:
- unpretentiousness of trees;
- stable yield;
- increased frost resistance;
- marketability and taste qualities of fruits;
- compactness of trees;
- long storage period for apples.
Among the disadvantages of the Currency apple tree, the following are noted:
- fruiting period does not exceed 15 years;
- average yield compared to other columnar varieties.
Prevention and protection from diseases and pests
Main diseases of apple trees:
- Fruit rot. The disease is diagnosed by brown spots that appear on the fruit. The infection spreads quickly and leads to crop loss. For prevention, trees are sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or a solution of Horus.
- Powdery mildew. The causative agent of the disease is fungal spores. A grayish coating appears on the buds, leaves and shoots, which becomes brown over time. Copper-based fungicides are used against fungus.
- Brown spot. The spread of the disease is indicated by the appearance of small brown spots on the surface of the leaves.Bordeaux mixture and urea solution are effective against the lesion.
The greatest damage to the apple orchard is caused by pests:
- Flower beetle An insect of the weevil family that feeds on swollen flower buds. After the flower beetle, the formation of the ovary does not occur.
- Aphid. A dangerous pest that can multiply quickly and feed on plant sap. Most active at high temperatures and humidity.
- Leaf roller. Leaf roller caterpillars eat the buds, buds and ovaries of the apple tree. The pest overwinters on young branches or in the bark of a tree.
Conclusion
The columnar apple tree Currency is distinguished by its productivity and high resistance to diseases. The fruits are suitable for daily diet or processing.
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