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The Venyaminovskoye apple tree is a Russian winter variety, included in the register of selection achievements since 2001. It produces moderately large, juicy and sweet fruits that can last until the end of February. The trees produce up to 100 kg of harvest and are quite easy to care for.
History of appearance
Venyaminovskoye is a variety of domestic apple tree, bred by a team of researchers: Zhdanov, Serova, Dolmatov and Sedov. Seeds from the open-pollinated harvest of 1981 were taken as a basis.
The variety belongs to winter varieties, adapted for cultivation in most regions of Central Russia. Passed successful variety trials in 1995-2000. The application for admission was submitted in 1997, and since 2001 it has been in the Russian register of breeding achievements.
Description of the Venyaminovskoye apple tree
Among the important parameters of the Venyaminovskoye variety, you need to familiarize yourself with the following: appearance, shape of the apple tree and fruit.The main characteristics are described below.
Wood appearance
The Venyaminovskoye apple tree is a rather tall, large tree. It has a round shape, and the crown is not too thick, which makes it easier to care for and harvest. The branches extend almost at right angles, with the ends “looking” upward. The surface of the bark on skeletal branches and trunks is smooth, gray in color. Fruiting occurs on ringlets of all types - simple and complex.
The shoots of the Venyaminovskoe apple tree are small in thickness, cranked, and bend in an arc. The cross-sectional shape is faceted, the color is brown, covered with pubescence. There are quite a lot of lentils, they are small in size. The buds are pressed against the branches and also have pubescence. Conical shape.
The leaves resemble an egg, they are pointed, dark green in color, with wrinkles. The surface shines in the sun, slight pubescence is noticeable. The edges of the leaves are crenate, coarsely wavy, the petioles are short and pubescent.
The flowers of the Venyaminovskoye apple tree are small, light pink, and shaped like a saucer. The petals are round in shape and weakly close together.
Description of fruits
As you can see in the photo, the apples are of the Venyaminovskoe variety, the fruits are conical, medium flattened, wide-ribbed, and oblique. The size is average, the weight reaches 130-150 g. During the harvest period it is green, and then becomes greenish-yellow. Top coat with crimson blush.
The fruits of the Venyaminovskoe apple tree are scarlet in color and have an attractive presentation
There are quite a few gray subcutaneous dots. The stalks are small and straight. The funnels are pointed and quite deep. The tubes under the cups are small, shaped like a bag. Seeds are brown, conical.
Characteristics of the variety
Among the characteristics of the Venyaminovskoye apple tree variety, you should especially carefully study the taste of the fruit, the yield indicator and winter hardiness. These and other options are described below.
Taste qualities
The taste of the fruit has noticeable sweet and sour tones; it is quite pleasant; in the tasting it received a rating of 4.4 points out of 5. The chemical composition of the fruit:
- simple carbohydrates – a total of 8.6% mass fraction;
- acids – 0.7%;
- vitamin C content – more than 4 mg per 100 g of pulp;
- content of substances with P-activity over 220 mg for the same weight.
The pulp of the fruit is white, but may have a greenish tint. The structure is coarse-grained, quite dense in consistency, juicy, aromatic.
Ripening time for the Venyaminovskoe apple tree
The fruits of the Venyaminovskoe apple tree are harvested in mid-September, usually from the 15th to the 20th. At this point, they can already be removed, but you should wait another month until consumer maturity - it comes in the second ten days of October. Moreover, you can consume fruits until the last days of February.
The variety is winter, the fruits are storable and, if the conditions are met, are well preserved until the end of winter. They should be placed in a cool, moderately humid and dark room with good ventilation.
Productivity
The description of Venyaminovskoe apples gives yield indicators of 150 c/ha. For comparison: for the control variety Antonovka ordinary it was 95 c/ha. In the first years of fruiting, 30-50 kg of apples are obtained from one tree, and after 10-12 years - already 80-100 kg. Therefore, we can definitely say that Venyaminovskoye is a high-yielding tree.
Frost resistance of the Venyaminovskoye apple tree
The variety has high winter hardiness.During testing (artificial freezing) to -40, the kidneys suffered only slightly, by only 0.6 points. Moreover, the bark and cambium were not damaged, and the wood froze only 0.9 points.
Pollinators of the Venyaminovskoe apple tree
The Venyaminovskoye variety is not self-fertile, so the apple tree needs pollinators with similar flowering periods. For example, the following varieties are suitable: Sharopai and Arkad (summer type). You can also use Vyaznikov varieties, including the Mironchik variety.
Arkad summer is one of the best pollinators for Venyaminovsky
Growing regions
The apple tree variety is intended for cultivation in the regions of Central Russia, including:
- middle lane;
- Volga region;
- Northwest;
- Chernozem region;
- southern regions.
But in this case, you will need to especially carefully cover the young seedlings for the winter.
Disease resistance
The variety is absolutely resistant to scab due to the presence of the Vf gene. However, there is no data on immunity to other diseases and pests. Therefore, preventive treatments and summer spraying against insects are mandatory.
Advantages and disadvantages
From the review of the Venyaminovskoye apple variety and reviews about it, we can say that this is a very productive variety that produces tasty marketable apples. Trees live for a very long time, up to 70 years. Frost resistance is good, which allows the crop to be grown in almost all regions of Central Russia.
The Venyaminovskoye apple tree is winter hardy
Pros:
- pleasant taste of berries;
- attractive presentation;
- high productivity;
- long lifespan;
- absolute resistance to scab;
- shelf life up to five months;
- good transportability.
Minuses:
- the variety is not self-fertile, pollinators are needed;
- fruiting is extended;
- the fruits are mostly small;
- There is insufficient data on immunity.
Planting an apple tree Venyaminovskoye
Planting of the Venyaminovskoye apple tree is planned for the fall, 3-4 weeks before the first frost. Usually this is the beginning of October. Choose a place that is well-lit, on a small hill, without stagnant moisture and without high groundwater (they should come up to a maximum of 2 m from the surface). Rowan berries and large trees are undesirable among neighbors. Light loam with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction pH of 6-7 is optimal for growing the Venyaminov apple tree.
The soil should be prepared in advance - dig it up, add compost or humus in a bucket per square meter. If there is a lot of clay in the soil, 3-5 kg of sand or sawdust is embedded in it. Seedlings are purchased from trusted suppliers; they must be healthy, at least 50 cm high, without signs of damage or disease.
The landing process itself is standard:
- Mark several holes with a diameter and depth of 80-100 cm at a distance of at least 4 m.
- Place a wooden peg in the center.
- Place a layer of stones on the bottom.
- Place the seedling in the center and sprinkle it with garden soil with peat and humus 2:1:1.
- Tamp down a little so that the root collar remains higher than 5-7 cm above the ground.
- Tie it to the peg with a rope.
- Water with settled water.
- After a few days, mulch for the winter. For this purpose, straw, hay, sawdust, pine needles and other materials are used.
Features of care
When caring for the Venyaminovskoe apple tree, special attention should be paid to watering. Young seedlings are given water weekly, mature trees - every month.During drought, the frequency is doubled, and the crown is sprinkled in the evenings. Water should be used warm, settled.
With proper care, the fruits are formed quite large
After heavy rains and watering, the soil in the surface circle is loosened, and weeding is done if necessary. To keep the soil moist as long as possible, in the summer it is also mulched with sawdust, grass clippings, and hay.
Fertilizers for apple trees of the Venyaminovskoye variety are applied every spring (urea, ammonium nitrate), during the formation of buds and ovaries (superphosphate, potassium sulfate). You can alternate complex mineral compositions with organic matter, for example, mullein infusion diluted 10 times with water.
In the spring, pruning is carried out, as well as preventive treatments against diseases. In summer, trees are inspected and, if necessary, sprayed with insecticides (“Decis” or “Aktara”).
Collection and storage
Apples are harvested in mid-September. Immediately after this, they are placed in wooden boxes and stored in the following conditions:
- temperature 0-6 degrees Celsius;
- humidity up to 70%
- darkness;
- good ventilation.
If the described rules are followed, the fruits of the Venyaminovskoe apple tree are stored for five months (until the last days of February). During this time, they do not lose their consumer qualities, including taste.
Conclusion
The Venyaminovskoe apple tree is one of the best winter varieties with maximum frost resistance and very good yields. Has high immunity. The culture is quite simple to care for, so even a novice gardener can cope with cultivation.
Reviews from gardeners about the Venyaminovskoye apple tree
