Content
The Malinovka apple tree variety is a common representative of the Rosaceae family in gardening and has been popular for a long time. The tree belongs to the summer ripening species. The variety has several subspecies.
History of selection
The variety is usually classified as ancient. Malinovka apple trees were found on the territory of modern Estonia, in a place called Suslepa. Information about them dates back to the 18th century.
The first description of the variety was made by the French pomologist Leroy. There are several theories, which have not been confirmed, that the Malinovka apple tree was bred in France. Other sources consider its homeland to be Persia.
Description of the Malinovka apple tree variety with photo
There is no exact information whether the tree is a hybrid or whether the variety was obtained naturally through pollination.Before purchasing an apple tree seedling, you should study its characteristics in order to provide the tree with optimal conditions.
The Suislepskoe variety is often planted for the purpose of harvesting, although it has varieties that have decorative properties.
Appearance of fruit and tree
The variety is characterized by an average rate of development: throughout its life it does not grow above 3-5 m. The height depends on climatic conditions: in the southern regions the apple trees are more massive.
The crown is spherical, the width varies from 3.5 to 4 m. The branches are dark in color, raised upward. All shoots of the Malinovka apple tree are strong, with moderate pile and leaf blades of medium size. Their color is rich green. The surface of each leaf is glossy, slightly wrinkled and has a fluff. The edges of the leaf blades are serrated, and the base has a short petiole.
Flowering begins at the end of May: many white and pink buds form on the shoots
Description of the Malinovka apple variety: medium-sized fruits, the weight of each of them varies from 80 to 160 g. From photos and reviews it is known that gardeners are faced with a variety of harvest sizes; both large and small fruits are formed on one tree.
All apples initially have a greenish tint, which gradually changes to yellow. Ripe fruits are covered with bright red pink stripes like a barcode.
The skin of Malinovka apples is thin, with a slight coating of wax. Under it you can see greenish dots. Inside the flesh is snow-white. Just under the peel you can see a pink undertone.
Pulp with fine-grained inclusions. The seed chambers are medium in size, flat, brown in color.
Externally, Malinovka apples resemble a slightly flattened ball with slight ribbing.
Taste
Content of various substances in apples:
- titratable acid – up to 0.7%;
- sugar – up to 9.8%
- pectin – up to 12.2%
- ascorbic acid – up to 9.2 mg per 100 g;
- P-reactive substances – up to 116 mg per 100 g.
Most people consider the taste of apples to be harmonious, the pulp is juicy, with pronounced sourness, leaving a sweet aftertaste.
Lifespan
With good care, the Malinovka apple tree remains viable for 35-40 years. The timing varies depending on climatic conditions, care, and previous diseases.
Growing regions
And although the Malinovka variety is widespread, the features of caring for it vary depending on the region.
The variety grows safely in the Leningrad and Moscow regions, central Russia, Belarus and the North-Western region.
In countries with cold climates, the Suislep apple tree needs shelter for the winter and is cultivated for the purpose of obtaining a harvest. In central Russia, the Malinovka variety is often found as a decoration in landscape design. The climate in Belarus and the area where the variety was obtained are similar, so the tree can be grown there without special agricultural techniques.
Productivity
The Malinovka variety is not a record holder for yield. Up to 50 kg of fruits are collected from one tree. Young trees produce apples every year, but as they grow older, fruiting becomes less frequent.
Under favorable weather conditions and good care, it is possible to harvest a record number of apples: up to 80 kg per tree
Frost resistance
The Malinovka apple tree tolerates low temperatures well. The tree remains viable in frosts above -30 °C. The apple tree grows and bears fruit worse if in summer the temperature is above + 40 °C.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The immunity of the Malinovka variety depends on weather conditions; in regions with frequent rainfall, scab, powdery mildew or rot may occur.
Green aphids and leaf rollers are dangerous pests for apple trees.
Scab is easy to identify: swamp-colored spots appear on leaf blades and fruits, which darken and crack over time. The disease first affects young leaves of the apple tree, but gradually spreads throughout the tree.
Fruits affected by scab fall off, leaves curl and dry out
Powdery mildew can cause serious damage not only to the crop, but also to the tree itself; it affects shoots, flowers, and leaves. If the disease appears during the period of fruit ripening, then apples will also be affected.
The affected parts of the Malinovka apple tree become covered with a white coating, the leaves curl, and the flowers become deformed.
You can suspect fruit rot on the Malinovka variety even in winter and spring; there are longitudinal cracks with ulcers on the trunk, and the skin of young trees peels off.
Vivid signs of rot are visible during the ripening period; apples spoil right on the branches. Their skin becomes covered with yellowish or white spots that quickly spread throughout the fruit. The pulp gradually turns brown, softens and smells of alcohol.
The last stage of rot is the appearance of concentric circles consisting of fungal spores
Flowering period and ripening period
Buds appear on the tree in the third week of May and later. And although the first Malinovka apples can be tasted already 3 years after planting, full fruiting begins at 8-10 years of the variety’s life.
In some regions, depending on the subspecies, apples begin to ripen as early as June.Most gardeners harvest in July-August.
Pollinators
The Malinovka apple tree is self-sterile; in order to get a harvest, it is necessary to plant other varieties next to it. Optimal pollinators whose flowering period coincides with the Suislepskoye variety are Grushovka Moskovskaya, Papirovka and McIntosh.
Transportation and keeping quality
The skin of Malinovka apples is very delicate and easily damaged. This negatively affects their transportability and keeping quality. Even under favorable conditions, the shelf life of the fruit does not exceed 3 weeks.
Often, in places where the skin is damaged, the pulp quickly darkens and acquires an unpleasant odor, which makes the apple unsuitable for consumption.
Subspecies
The Malinovka apple tree is not just one variety. There are several subspecies with distinctive features. When choosing a seedling, it is recommended to take this feature into account.
Decorative
The subspecies is usually classified as tall trees. According to photos and reviews, the Malinovka apple tree can reach 7-8 m in height. Description of the crown: oval or pyramidal; it can be artificially transformed into a “palmette” using pruning.
Dark green, glossy leaf plates are attached to the shoots. The flowers of the decorative subspecies of the Malinovka apple tree are bright pink, multi-layered. Their size reaches 3-5 cm in diameter.
The fruits are small, oval-oblong, purple in color. Their taste is tart and sour.
During flowering, the buds cover the entire tree and emit a powerful aroma, attracting insects
Columnar
The apple tree is grown using columnar rootstock. To do this, leave one central trunk without side shoots. This feature gives an advantage during harvesting and facilitates maintenance.
The height of the columnar variety Malinovka does not exceed 2-3 m
Rizhskaya
The variety has a strong immune system and is grown on a dwarf rootstock. The Riga Malinovka tolerates frost well and grows no more than 3 m in height.
The apples of this variety are small or medium in size, bright red in color. The pulp inside is white, but has red veins, which gives it a pinkish appearance. Ripe fruits tolerate transportation well, they are sweet, well suited for jam and compotes.
The first apples ripen by mid-September, but do not fall off, remaining on the branches until frost.
Red-leaved
A distinctive feature of this subspecies is its unusual, carmine-colored leaves. The tree is unpretentious and successfully resists many diseases and pests.
Gardeners often purchase the variety for decorative purposes: the fruits of the apple tree are small, sour, and astringent.
And although the fruits are edible, their taste does not attract gardeners, so the harvest is simply disposed of
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of the variety include:
- external attractiveness of fruits;
- pleasant sweet and sour taste of apples.
The disadvantages of the Malinovka apple tree include:
- poor keeping quality and transportability of fruits;
- average yield level.
Most gardeners prefer the Malinovka apple tree as a proven old variety.
Planting and care
The place for the Malinovka variety should be well lit by the sun. Abundant fruiting is possible if the soil is fertile and groundwater is located far from the soil surface.
If the seedlings have an open root system, then it is recommended to transfer them to open ground in the spring, in March or April. A seedling with protected roots can be planted in the fall, in September or October, but before frost occurs.
Planting technology:
- 3 weeks before the procedure, prepare a hole, maintaining a distance of 4 m between seedlings;
- Sand and crushed stone are placed at the bottom of the hole as drainage, a layer of fertile soil is distributed, and a stake is driven in the middle;
- the tree is placed in a hole, the roots are straightened, covered with earth and a trunk circle is formed;
- Water the Malinovka apple tree abundantly and mulch the ground around it.
The stake provides support for the seedling, which can easily break under the influence of natural disasters
Caring for the Suislepskoe variety is standard: spring pruning, preventative treatment against pests, watering and fertilizing, preparation for winter.
Under normal weather conditions, watering the Malinovka apple tree is not required. During dry periods, the soil should be moistened: at least 20-40 liters per tree.
The Suislepskoe variety is prone to thickening, so pruning should not be neglected. Skeletal branches should be located at a distance from each other.
During formative pruning, sanitary pruning is also carried out: damaged or dried shoots are removed.
Collection and storage
Apples do not ripen at the same time and are prone to shedding, so it is recommended to process the harvest immediately after harvesting.
The skin of the fruit is very delicate and easily damaged, so it is recommended to put them in wooden boxes with layers of paper or straw.
Conclusion
The Malinovka apple tree variety is an old but popular crop loved by gardeners. It has very beautiful fruits, the tree itself is unpretentious and frost-resistant.It is recommended to process the harvest immediately; it cannot be stored or transported.
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