Content
The Solntsedar apple tree is a variety of Russian selection, bred specifically for the climatic conditions of the Urals and the Volga-Vyatka region. It has good winter hardiness and productivity. Mature trees produce about 100 kg of tasty and beautiful apples. The fruits are used fresh and for preservation.
History of appearance
Solntsedar is an apple tree variety obtained at the Sverdlovsk horticultural station. The seeds of the Anis scarlet Vorobievsky variety were used as a basis. The grown seedlings were pollinated with different varieties, resulting in a new crop. The author is Dibrova P.A.
The Solntsedar apple tree variety has not passed state tests and is therefore not included in the Russian register of breeding achievements. However, it is known to many summer residents. The apple tree is valued for its very high winter hardiness, thanks to which it can be grown even in the climatic conditions of the Urals.
Description of the Solntsedar apple tree with photo
In the description of the variety, attention should be paid to the characteristics of the tree, shoots and fruits. The main parameters are presented below.
Wood appearance
The Solntsedar apple tree is a medium-sized tree. The crown is dense, quite thickened. With age, it droops, which is especially noticeable in old trees. The skeletal branches are covered with brown bark; they diverge from the central trunk at wide angles. Young shoots are thin, perennial ringlets are short. It is on them that fruiting occurs.
The shoots are not too thick, the cross section is round. The internodes are short, the color is dark brown, and there is noticeable strong pubescence. The leaves of the Solntsedar apple tree are small, quite thick, and shine faintly in the sun. The color is rich green with a bluish tint. The plates are flat, the shape is elongated oval or elongated ovoid. Their bases are round, their tops taper, and have clearly visible tips.
The foliage of the Solntsdar apple tree is pubescent from below and is located almost at a right angle to the shoots. The edges are serrated and rounded. Most of the leaves are solid, but there are also plates with lobes. The petioles are small but thick and have many small subulate-shaped stipules.
The flowers of the Solntsdar apple tree are quite large and saucer-shaped. The color is white, maybe a little pinkish. The stigmas of the pistils are level with the anthers or slightly lower. Pink buds.
Description of fruits
The description of the Solntsedar variety (pictured) indicates that the apples have a regular round or wide oval truncated shape. They are symmetrical and may have weak blunt ribbing. The surface is smooth, dry, shines in the sun, and a waxy coating of a bluish tint is noticeable.There are subcutaneous dots; they are quite large and light in color.
Apples of medium size, regular shape
The color of the fruits of the Solntsedar apple tree is creamy, the integumentary color is pinkish-scarlet, often blurred, looks very elegant. The stalks are short and moderately thick. The depth and width of the funnel are small, rustiness is noticeable. The saucers are small, have pearls (tubercles), and semi-open cups. The subcalyx tubes are sac-shaped, the seed chambers are small, closed, without an axial cavity.
Characteristics of the variety
Among the characteristics of the Solntsedar apple tree variety, the taste of the fruit, winter hardiness, disease resistance and yield are of particular importance.
Taste qualities
The fruits are refreshing, pleasant to the taste with a balance of sour and sweet. Light tart tones can be traced. The pulp is white, coarse-grained in structure, with visible red veins. Contains water (84-87% mass fraction) and dry matter (13-16%). The composition contains the following components:
- sugar (total) – 10.2-12.3%;
- acids – 0.86%;
- vitamin C – 11-23 mg per 100 g;
- catechins (substances with P-activity) – 170-270 mg per 100 g.
Ripening time
In terms of ripening time, the Solntsedar apple tree is a summer variety. The fruits appear in the first half of August and fall off a few days later. Consumption period – 10 days. During this time, it is necessary to use them fresh or send them for processing and preparation of winter preparations.
Productivity
The productivity of the Solntsedar apple tree is quite high - up to 100 kg from one mature tree. At the same time, old crops may produce apples irregularly. Therefore, the garden needs to be gradually updated. An apple tree lives up to 35 years, the period of maximum productivity is from 10 to 25 years.
Frost resistance of the Solntsedar apple tree
In terms of winter hardiness, the Solntsedar apple tree is one of the best. It tolerates even extreme winter frosts well. It can be grown even in the Urals.
Pollinators
The Solntsedar variety is self-sterile. Fruits set only after cross-pollination by insects. Therefore, when growing, seedlings of other varieties with similar flowering periods must be planted. The best pollinators are:
- Wine;
- White filling;
- Suislepskoe.
White filling is one of the best pollinators for the Solntsedar variety
Growing regions
The culture is winter-hardy. The variety is intended for cultivation in the Volga-Vyatka region and the Urals: Chuvashia, Mari El, Perm region, Bashkiria, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan regions, Udmurtia.
Disease resistance
The Solntsedar apple tree variety is not resistant to fungal infections and pests. Summer residents note that foliage and fruits are often affected by scab. Therefore, in early spring it is necessary to carry out preventive treatments with fungicides. If necessary, drugs are also used in the summer.
Advantages and disadvantages
The Solntsedar apple tree is valued for its exceptional attractiveness of fruits, good taste, high yield and excellent winter hardiness. However, the variety also has disadvantages that should also be taken into account.
The fruits are very attractively colored
Pros:
- good taste;
- high productivity;
- excellent winter hardiness;
- early ripening;
- can be grown even in the Urals;
- undemanding to planting and care.
Minuses:
- no immunity to scab;
- Fruiting occurs periodically;
- The variety needs pollinators.
Planting an apple tree Solntsedar
To grow a healthy and productive Solntsedar apple tree, as in the description and in the photo, you need to plant the seedling correctly. The main period is considered to be spring – early April. It is better not to plan planting in the fall, since in regions with harsh winters, seedlings can be seriously damaged. If grown in the middle zone, the Black Earth Region and the south, autumn planting is preferable (the first half of October).
The place should be dry (not lowland, groundwater no higher than 2 m) and sunny, if possible protected from draft winds from the north side of the garden. A few months before planting a Solntsedar apple tree seedling, the area is cleared and the soil is dug up. Add a bucket of compost or humus per square meter.
The sequence of actions when planting a Solntsedar apple tree is as follows:
- Mark several holes with a depth and diameter of 80-100 cm at intervals of at least 4 m.
- Stick in a wooden peg.
- Add a layer of small stones.
- Place the Solntsedar apple tree seedling in the center and sprinkle with fertile soil.
- Compact the soil so that the root collar is 5-7 cm above the surface.
- Water with settled water.
Care instructions
The Solntsedar apple tree is unpretentious in care, however, for good yields, several rules must be followed:
- The next year after planting, urea, ammonium nitrate or other nitrogen fertilizer is given every spring (in early April). At the budding stage, superphosphate and potassium are added.In summer, fertilize monthly with mullein 1:10 or chicken manure 1:20.
- Young apple trees are given Solntsedar watering every week, adults - 1-2 times a month, twice as often during drought.
- The soil is regularly loosened and weeded as necessary.
- In early spring, they do sanitary, formative pruning of the Solntsedar apple tree, and also spray it with Bordeaux mixture or other fungicides to prevent fungal diseases.
To prevent the development of scab, trees are treated in spring and summer.
Collection and storage periods
The harvest is harvested in the first half of August. Already at the beginning of the month, you need to carefully examine the tree, since the fruits ripen quite quickly and begin to fall off literally in 7-10 days. They are not intended for long-term storage.
Apples of the Solntsedar variety should be consumed immediately or sent for harvesting. They make delicious jams, preserves and compotes. Fresh can be stored in the refrigerator or cellar at a temperature of 2-6 degrees Celsius for no more than 10 days.
Conclusion
The Solntsedar apple tree produces very beautiful medium-sized apples. It is easy to care for and can withstand even severe frosts. But fruiting may be irregular, so it is better to plant several trees at once.
