Content
- 1 History of selection
- 2 Description and characteristics of the columnar apple tree Chervonets
- 3 Advantages and disadvantages
- 4 Planting a columnar apple tree Chervonets
- 5 Caring for the columnar apple tree Chervonets
- 6 Disease and pest control
- 7 Collection and storage
- 8 Conclusion
- 9 Reviews from gardeners about the columnar apple tree Chervonets
The Chervonets apple tree is a famous domestic variety, distinguished by large and sweet apples with a pleasant aroma. Productivity is consistently high, up to 8 kg per mature tree. The crop is grown both for personal use and for commercial purposes. Winter hardiness is relatively high. This allows you to grow seedlings in most regions of Central Russia.
History of selection
The Chervonets apple tree was bred by N.G. Morozova. and Kichina V.V. in 1983. The variety was obtained based on complex crossing of several varieties:
- SR0523;
- Red Melba;
- Leader;
- hybrid Wolf River x M. atro sangujnea.
Subsequently, successful tests were carried out, and in 1990, breeders selected several seedlings. They were grown separately, and already in 1996 the Chervonets variety was developed. An application for registration was submitted in 2005, and in 2008 it was included in the register of breeding achievements of Russia.
The applicant and originator is the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FSC of Horticulture", the licensee is LLC "Center Ogorodnik". The crop is approved for cultivation in all regions of the Central region, including the middle zone, the Volga region and the Black Earth region.
Description and characteristics of the columnar apple tree Chervonets
The Chervonets apple tree variety produces a tree with a columnar crown. The height is small, which makes it easier to care for and pick apples. The yield is high, and the taste of the fruit is quite pleasant. This allows apple trees to be grown commercially.
Wood appearance
The tree of the Chervonets variety is medium-sized, semi-dwarf type. The crown is compact, not spreading, the height reaches 2 m. The shoots are short, diverge at sharp angles, and are firmly connected to the skeletal branches. They are pressed against each other and do not diverge in width, which ensures the formation of a not too dense columnar-type crown.
The foliage of the Chervonets apple tree is quite good. The foliage is large, broadly ovate in shape, rich green in color. The top is twisted. The base of the plate is round, a slight shine is noticeable on the surface. The petioles are moderately long and not too thick.
Description of fruits
The fruits of the Chervonets apple tree are quite large
In terms of mass, apples reach an average of 180 g, although specimens weighing 200-250 g are often found. The maximum recorded record was 350 g. The appearance is attractive. The shape is round, the fruits are one-dimensional, the skin is quite dense and glossy. The color is crimson-red, with blush. The name “Chervonets” is associated precisely with the appearance of the apples - in the sun they shine like coins.
If storage conditions are met, they remain in the cellar for up to 45-60 days, after which they must be eaten or processed.
Taste of Chervonets apples
The taste of Chervonets apples is pleasant, with pronounced sweetness, dessert type. At the tasting it received a rating of 4.3 points out of 5 possible. There is a pleasant, balanced acidity. The aroma is weak. The pulp is dense, with a creamy tint, the structure is fine-grained, and the juiciness is high.
When and how does it bloom
The Chervonets apple tree blooms in the second half of May, sometimes with a delay - the first ten days of June (if the spring was cold and rainy). The flowers are fragrant and beautiful, pure white, often with a light pink color in the sepals. Organized into inflorescences of 7-9 pieces.
Pollinators of the columnar apple tree Chervonets
The variety is characterized by high yield, but to maintain stable fruiting it is recommended to plant several pollinators. These may be apple trees with late fruiting periods, for example:
- Spartan;
- Antey;
- Antonovka;
- Bogatyr;
- Jonathan;
- Ligol;
- Memory of Isaev and others.
The Spartan variety and other varieties with late flowering periods are suitable for cross-pollination.
Fruiting dates
According to the timing of fruiting, the Chervonets apple tree variety belongs to the autumn variety. The fruits ripen by the third ten days of September. At this moment they reach the stage of full (biological) ripeness. The first fruits are formed already in the second year after planting the seedlings. Full fruiting occurs already in 5-6 years, and the jump occurs like an avalanche.
Productivity
The productivity of the Chervonets apple tree is quite high and reaches 6-8 kg. The culture reaches this indicator by 5-6 years.With proper care, yields can be maintained at a stable level for many years.
Frost resistance
In terms of winter hardiness, the Chervonets apple tree can be compared with the Melba variety. Even in severe winters, the degree of freezing is estimated at a maximum of 1-2 points. Therefore, the crop can be grown in different regions of Central Russia - from the south to the middle zone and even to more northern territories.
Disease resistance
The Chervonets apple tree has fairly good immunity to scab. In rare cases, she may suffer from this fungus, but to a small extent (maximum 2 points). However, damage to rust, powdery mildew, as well as aphids, bark beetles, copperheads and other pests is not excluded. Therefore, it is important to periodically inspect the plantings and regularly apply fungicides and insecticides.
Advantages and disadvantages
The Chervonets apple tree variety has tangible advantages. The fruits are tasty and juicy, quite large. The culture itself is unpretentious, so even a novice gardener can handle it.
The fruits of the Chervonets apple tree have an attractive presentation
Pros:
- pleasant taste;
- stable yield;
- keeping quality;
- transportability;
- The tree is not tall and not spreading.
Minuses:
- no immunity to many common diseases;
- may suffer from winter frosts;
- To maintain stable yields, pollinators need to be planted.
Planting a columnar apple tree Chervonets
Apple tree seedlings of the Chervonets variety are planted from the first half of April to the first ten days of May. If the deadline is missed, autumn planting is also allowed, which is scheduled for the end of September - beginning of October (three weeks before the first frost). Specific dates depend on the climate of a particular region.
To plant Chervonets apple trees, choose well-lit areas without stagnant water. The soil should be loose and fertile, with an acidity pH in the range of 6.0-7.0. On the eve of planting, the soil is dug up and fertilized with organic matter - 5 kg of compost or humus per square meter.
The sequence of actions when planting an apple tree of the Chervonets variety is as follows:
- Dig several holes at a distance of at least 3 m. Their depth should be 60 cm, diameter 70 cm.
- Place small stones on the bottom.
- Place the seedling in the center.
- Sprinkle with fertile soil.
- Compact it so that the root collar remains 5-7 cm above the surface.
- Pour a bucket of water (it needs to stand) and mulch.
Caring for the columnar apple tree Chervonets
To get a good harvest of apples, as in the description of the Chervonets variety and in the photo, it is recommended to follow the following care rules:
- The variety is moisture-loving, so watering is done at least three times per season - 8-10 buckets for each adult tree.
- In the spring, compost or humus is added to the tree trunk circle - a bucket per tree. You can give a urea solution (15 g per 10 l).
- In autumn, the Chervonets apple tree is given a complex fertilizer, for example, “Kemira autumn” or superphosphate (40 g per 10 l) and potassium sulfate (25 g per 10 l).
- The soil in the tree trunk circle is periodically loosened and weeded.
- If after the June fall there are too many ovaries left on the tree, the excess is removed manually.
- The Chervonets apple tree is pruned regularly for sanitary and shaping purposes - in spring and autumn.
- For the winter, the tree trunk circle is mulched with hay, sawdust, straw or other materials.
Even minimal crop care will ensure a stable harvest
Disease and pest control
The register of breeding achievements does not provide data on the resistance of the Chervonets apple tree to certain diseases. Therefore, processing should be carried out according to the general scheme:
- in early spring;
- before and after flowering;
- in mid-autumn.
To prevent fungal infections, fungicides are used:
- "Skor";
- "Horus";
- "HOM";
- "Bordeaux mixture";
- "Strobe" and others.
To combat aphids, bark beetles, spider mites and other pests, insecticidal preparations are used, for example:
- "Decis";
- "Vertimek";
- "Fitoverm";
- "Fufanon";
- "Aktara" and others.
The Chervonets apple tree is processed in calm and dry weather, and it is advisable to do this in the late evening to prevent leaf burns due to the bright sun.
Collection and storage
The harvest is harvested during the second and third ten days of September. Apples are picked together with the stalk, consumed fresh, used for processing or sent for storage. The fruits are placed in two layers in wooden boxes. Store in the cellar under standard conditions:
- temperature in the range of 2-10 degrees above zero;
- humidity 60-70%;
- complete darkness;
- good air circulation (need to ventilate periodically).
Apples ripen in the second half of September
Conclusion
The Chervonets apple tree is quite unpretentious in care. The crop gives a good harvest.The fruits are large, attractive, transportable, suitable for sale and processing. The tree is productive, already from the fifth year it produces at least 6 kg of harvest.
Reviews from gardeners about the columnar apple tree Chervonets
