Content
Ussuri plum is a popular fruit crop among gardeners in many countries around the world. She is far from being picky about growing conditions, which greatly facilitates her care. Provided that all necessary rules and recommendations are followed, the gardener will certainly receive tasty and healthy fruits. A distinctive feature of the Ussuriysk plum variety is its ability to withstand extreme cold. Because of this, it is grown even in the regions of the North.
History of variety selection
There are a huge number of varieties of Ussuri plum. And almost all of them were obtained as a result of the selection of Chinese and Japanese varieties of plum fruits.One of these procedures was carried out by M. G. Isakov and N. I. Gvozdyukov. The name of the resulting plant is Selenite.
Description of Ussuri plum
This variety belongs to one of the varieties of East Asian plums, which have long been valued by residents of many countries around the world. It is also called Manchurian or Chinese. The formation occurred under the influence of unfavorable conditions for growth: excessive dryness in the autumn, winters with little snow, wet and cold summers. It is especially common in the Ussuri and Khabarovsk territories.
This variety has medium-sized fruits. The height of an adult tree can reach 3 meters, which in no way affects fruiting. In any case, it will be stable and intense only with proper care. The amount of harvest that is usually harvested from one tree reaches 20 kilograms or more.
The crown diameter of the Ussuri plum is approximately 3-4 meters. It can be discharged and thickened. The latter is shaped like a kind of bowl, ball or something like an elongated whisk. Homemade plum varieties are short trees that look like a swollen ball.
The ovaries are placed in groups on perennial branches. The leaf is green in color and smooth to the touch.
Flowering occurs only at a time when there is still no foliage on the tree. The flowers are small in size and white in color. It is necessary to plant pollinating plants next to the Ussuri plum, otherwise there will be no fruiting; the plum is unable to pollinate on its own.Usually the harvest is harvested in the third year after planting a seedling or 6 years after planting a seed. The average life expectancy is approximately 23 years, with proper care.
Varieties of Ussuri plum differ from each other in appearance, flowering and fruiting periods, and taste. The weight of the fruit varies from 2 to 30 grams. The shape resembles an oblong oval, the top of which is pointed.
Almost every variety has a different color. The fruits are burgundy, lilac or yellow. There are also variegated specimens. The skin of the plum is covered with a whitish coating. Depending on the variety, the taste of the pulp also changes. Sometimes a slight bitterness may be felt when consumed.
To improve the taste and external characteristics of the plant, breeders quite often resorted to crossing different varieties. In this way, a large number of different types of Ussuri plum were obtained.
Varieties of Ussuri plum
They are especially valued in the northern regions of Russia for their ability to withstand prolonged low temperatures and for their excellent taste. The Ussuri plum requires pollinators.
Ussuri late
The fruits of this variety are juicy and sweet. Sometimes when consumed, a slight sourness is felt.
The ripening period is the second half of August. Fruiting is abundant and periodic. Prefers to grow in moist and clayey soil, does not tolerate acidic soil. Has high frost resistance.
Vesta
The mid-early Ussuri plum Vesta is ideal for growing in cold regions of Russia. The fruits of this variety are round in shape, with a whitish or grayish tint, and are red in color.
The period of full ripening is the end of summer. Fruits well. Frost resistance is high.
Covenant
The rounded fruits of the plant are yellow in color. They taste juicy and sour. It grows in regions located near the Volga. The covenant is able to withstand severe frosts. Resistant to various kinds of diseases. The variety does not like dry climates. It is imperative to plant pollinators of the Testament plum nearby, namely the Chinese plum.
Golden Niva
The height of this tree is approximately 2 meters. The crown and branches form the shape of a kind of deep basket. It bears fruit every year at the end of summer. Pollinators of the Zolotaya Niva plum are varieties Red Ball, Skoroplodnaya, Russian plum.
The skin of the fruit, like the pulp, has a beautiful yellowish color, reminiscent of the color of small nectarines or apples. The taste is juicy, tender and sweet. The bone comes off easily. Reviews about the Zolotaya Niva plum are positive.
Ural prunes
The crown of the plant is quite spreading and large. The height of the tree is 1.8-2 meters. Despite its size, it bears fruit well and a lot. Plum tastes very sweet. Frost resistance is above average.
Ussuri early
The tree has a spreading crown with branches. Often grown in regions with prolonged low temperatures. The fruits are shaped like a small ball, the flesh is yellow and fibrous. There is no bitterness when consumed.
Yolk
There are many positive reviews about the Yolk plum on the Internet. Just like Testament, the fruits of this variety are yellow in color and round in shape with a slightly flattened top. The pulp tastes sweet and juicy.
Chinese Ussuri plum variety Yolk is quite popular among many gardeners.
Festive
One of the most frost-resistant varieties of Ussuri plum. It is able to withstand extremely low temperatures, down to -40ABOUTC. The fruits are medium in size and have a beautiful yellow color. Flowering and fruiting are abundant. From one tree you can harvest up to 20 kilograms of harvest.
Early prunes
It has the ability to withstand severe frosts, which allows this variety to be grown in the regions of the North. Full ripening of the fruit occurs quite quickly. Does not tolerate highly acidified soil.
Plum contains a large amount of useful substances.
Yellow Khopty
This variety bears fruit well and abundantly. Able to withstand extreme cold. The pulp is sweet in taste and has a pleasant smell. You cannot store the fruits of Yellow Khopta for a long time, they quickly deteriorate.
Ural yellow
This plum variety is very often grown in the northern part of Russia, as it has high frost resistance. The skin is easily separated from the inside. The pulp tastes sweet, juicy, and yellow in color.
The height of the tree reaches 2-3 meters. Productivity is up to 15 kilograms of berries from one tree. The fruiting period of the Ussuri yellow plum occurs in August.
Snow White
The height of the tree is 2.5 meters. The crown diameter reaches 4 meters. Productivity is high, up to 30 kilograms per season. The color of the peel is pale yellow with a grayish tint. The pulp is sour.
Zarya Altai
The height of the tree can reach 2 meters. The crown does not thicken. Has the ability to withstand severe frosts. The fruits look like small balls.The Ussuriyskaya Zarya Altai plum is red.
Pioneer
The tree reaches 2-2.7 meters in height. The fruits are covered with skin, painted in a beautiful crimson color. Their weight is about 20 grams. The taste of the pulp is tender, juicy and very sweet.
Shy
This plum variety does not self-pollinate. That is why it is advisable to plant pollinating plants next to it, namely another variety of Ussuri plum. Adapts well to different types of soil.
Vika
One of the most popular varieties of Ussuri plum. It is valued for its ability to withstand low temperatures and bear fruit consistently and intensively. The berries are yellow, sweet and quite aromatic. It is not recommended to store for a long time.
In what areas can Ussuri plum be grown?
It is grown in northern regions where there are very low temperatures, and not only. Ussuri plum is considered one of the best options for planting in such places.
Ussuri plum varieties for the Urals
The most suitable varieties:
- Ural yellow.
- Ural prunes.
- Uyskaya.
- Pearl of the Urals.
- Kuyashskaya.
- Snow White.
- Aylinskaya.
- Krasnoselskaya.
- Uvelskaya.
- The pride of the Urals.
- Shershnevskaya.
Ussuri plum varieties for Siberia
The following varieties take root quickly:
- Burgundy.
- Yellow Khopty.
- Altai Jubilee.
Ussuri plum varieties for Buryatia
In the conditions of Buryatia they take root well:
- Pioneer.
- Vika.
- Covenant.
Advantages and disadvantages of varieties
pros | Minuses |
Able to withstand low temperatures. | It blooms during a period when insects practically do not fly. |
Decorates the garden. | Does not pollinate on its own. |
Has immunity to many diseases. | Short-lived. |
Brings a big harvest. | It is difficult to separate the pit from the pulp, which is typical for some varieties of plums. |
Landing Features
To prevent the plant from dying the next year, you must adhere to several important rules for planting and care.
Recommended timing
It is best to plant plums in the spring. You can start as early as April after the soil has warmed up.
Choosing a suitable location
Plum prefers to grow in warm climates. For fruiting to be good and intense, the ambient temperature must be at least 8-15ABOUTC. It is not recommended to plant a plant that does not tolerate cold well, where it is constantly frosty and strong winds blow.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby?
It is undesirable to plant hazelnuts, poplars, fir, pears, nut crops, and cherries next to the Ussuri plum tree. This proximity has a negative impact on both plants.
Apple trees, black currants, thyme, and many flowers (daffodils, tulips) coexist favorably with plums.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Before planting a seedling, it is recommended to carefully prepare the soil. Neutral soil, rich in minerals and other useful elements, is suitable for growing plums.
It is preferable to choose frost-resistant varieties.
Landing algorithm
The Ussuri plum planting scheme involves proper soil preparation and further tree care.The main thing that a gardener must remember is that the plant cannot be planted in places constantly blown by northern winds and non-melting snowdrifts.
The roots independently adapt to the new location. They just need to provide favorable conditions for growth and plant them exclusively on low mounds.
Aftercare for plums
In order for the plant to quickly adapt to new conditions, it is necessary to follow several rules. They consist of timely watering and monitoring the condition of the plum.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Most often, the Ussuri plum suffers from codling moths, which cause severe damage to the plant. To get rid of them, special means are used in early August: Decisom, Karbofos, Alatar.
For plum varieties that do not tolerate frost well, it is recommended to provide the most favorable conditions for growth and plant only in warm places.
To prevent pest invasion, it is necessary to carefully care for the plum:
- water periodically;
- feed the tree;
- trim branches once every 2-3 years;
- treat the area with drugs to prevent the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.
Conclusion
The Ussuri plum is quite a popular crop among many summer residents. It is grown in the northern regions of the country. It adapts well to different environmental conditions, and already in 3-4 years it begins to actively bear fruit.
For a more detailed introduction to the variety, the following videos are recommended for viewing:
