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Plum Nadezhda is one of the most common in northern latitudes. The climate of the Far Eastern region suits it perfectly, and therefore it bears fruit abundantly. This is one of the few plum varieties for this area.
History of variety selection
The variety was obtained by the Khabarovsk Garden and Berry Selection Station from free pollination of Ussuri plum, red cherry plum and Manchurian prune. The author is breeder L. G. Setkova. The variety has been included in the State Register since 2018.
Description of plum variety Nadezhda
The main task of the breeders was to obtain a harvest in the conditions of the short northern summer. As a result, very early species were bred, in particular the Nadezhda plum. In the conditions of the Primorsky Territory, it brings quite a large harvest.
- The plum variety Nadezhda Primorye is low-growing. It reaches a length of no more than 2.5 m. At the same time, it has a wide spreading oval-shaped crown. Short brown shoots surround the trunk.
- The leaf is small, oblong, dark green in color, with small frequent teeth. This plum is a long-liver, bearing fruit from 15 to 25 years.
- The fruits are small, oblong, dark blue in color, with a whitish coating. The average weight is 27 g, the largest is 35 g. The taste is sweet, but not cloying, with a slight sourness.
- The pulp of the fruit is dry, not very juicy, yellow in color. The aroma of the fruit is pineapple. The bone does not separate well. The skin is thin, with a sour taste.
- Early variety - harvesting occurs at the beginning of August. The fruits do not fall from the tree until they are fully ripe.
- The yield is average - up to 25 kg per tree. The first fruits are obtained 2–3 years after planting the seedling.
Characteristics of the variety
Nadezhda Primorye plum is distinguished by its average yield and early fruit ripening. An undoubted advantage for gardeners is that the tree bears fruit 2–3 years after planting. This is a universal purpose crop.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
The plum variety Nadezhda easily tolerates Far Eastern frosts; its shoots are highly winter-hardy and its flowers are moderately hardy.
Drought is also easily dealt with; you can water it only a few times during the summer season. The only thing that needs to be controlled is excessive soil moisture. Plum doesn't like this.
In warm regions it may not take root; the roots may rot. In any conditions it bears fruit annually.
Pollinators
Plum Nadezhda does not require pollinators. This is a self-fertile variety. It itself acts as a pollinator, but bears fruit well only with cross-pollination.
The plum must be planted surrounded by several other varieties. Self-fertile and partially self-fertile varieties growing nearby will give a good yield.All types of Chinese, Far Eastern and Ussuri plums are suitable, such as:
- Ksenia;
- Khabarovsk early;
- Amur early;
- Dawn is early.
All these varieties ripen early, so the timing of their flowering and pollination coincides.
Productivity and fruiting
The Nadezhda Primorye plum bears fruit 3 years after planting. This early variety ripens in the first half of August. The fruits do not fall off the tree until they ripen. During the season, up to 25 kg of fruit can be collected from one tree. The variety is considered medium fruiting.
Area of application of berries
The fruits of the Nadezhda variety are most often used for making desserts, pastries, and juices. Plum is well suited for winter preparations. You can make dried fruits. You will get delicious candied fruits.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The main pests of the Nadezhda variety include:
- spider mite;
- sawfly;
- codling moth;
- moth;
- aphid.
Spider mite can damage all shoots of the plant. It destroys the plum tree completely - the tree turns into a cocoon entangled in cobwebs. At first, the mite eats only the lower branches of the plant, then it rises up and destroys greenery, inflorescences and fruit ovaries. The tree is treated with “Anti-mite” in the spring, during the growing season. When the first pest infestations are detected, it is necessary to treat with chemicals. At a later date, the remedies will be ineffective.
Black sawfly appears shortly before the plum blossom period begins.Lays eggs in tree flowers. One individual infects several dozen buds. During the period of ovary formation, larvae appear and eat the fruits and seeds. Uncontrolled reproduction of this insect is fraught with loss of the entire harvest. It is necessary to spray using special means. Fruits damaged by this pest are destroyed. In the fall, they dig up the soil under the tree.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The main advantages of this variety include its frost resistance. The plum does not die even at the lowest temperature.
You can also highlight the following positive properties:
- early fruit ripening;
- high yield for northern regions;
- self-fertility;
- good taste;
- early fruiting.
The plum variety Nadezhda was bred in the northern region and became widespread there. One of its disadvantages is its poor survival rate in the southern regions.
Other disadvantages of the variety:
- susceptibility to root rot;
- lack of immunity to pests;
- poor survival rate in humid, warm climates.
The Nadezhda Primorye plum variety bears fruit well in northern regions due to its frost resistance and is completely unsuitable for regions with hot weather and abundantly moist soil.
Landing Features
For abundant fruiting and proper development of the seedling, it is necessary to create the proper conditions during planting.
Recommended timing
The Nadezhda variety prefers chernozem soils with a small admixture of clay. Does not tolerate proximity to groundwater. Plums are planted in the spring, after the end of frost, or in the fall, before they occur.
Choosing a suitable location
For plums, well-lit areas without drafts are preferred. It is good to plant the Nadezhda plum variety on a hill.It takes root well on forest soil. A young plant is usually planted - up to a year.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby?
Plum Nadezhda Primorye is a low-growing plant that does not tolerate shade.
- Tall trees with a large crown that can shade the plum tree should not be planted nearby.
- It is good to plant other varieties of self-fertile and non-self-fertile early ripening plums nearby.
- It is ideal to plant cherry plum nearby.
Selection and preparation of planting material
The tree propagates by seeding or grafting.
To get a seed, choose a healthy, ripe fruit that has fallen from the tree on its own. The stone is separated after the fruit has rested. The seed is planted in spring or autumn in warm soil. After planting, this place should be insulated with sawdust.
To familiarize yourself with the process, you can watch this video:
You can plant a plum seedling by choosing a suitable specimen in the nursery. Young trees up to a year old with a straight trunk and a developed root system are suitable for planting. The rhizome is wrapped in thick cloth and the plant is left in a cool, dark place before planting.
Landing algorithm
- To plant the Nadezhda plum, dig a fairly large hole.
- Manure is loaded into it - 1 bucket, potassium salt - 30 g and superphosphates - 1.5 cups.
- It is good to sprinkle sawdust around the hole to prevent moisture evaporation.
- A peg is driven into the center, a seedling is placed nearby and attached to a support.
- The rhizome is covered with loose soil and trampled down.
- Then the young tree is watered at the root.
Aftercare for plums
The Nadezhda plum variety is not picky about growing conditions.
- It is good to do the first feeding of the seedling the next year after planting. Fertilizing a seedling is done by watering the root with potassium sulfate (60 g) and urea (60 g), dissolved in 10 liters of water. It is also necessary to add nitrogenous fertilizers to the plum 3 times a year.
- After planting, the seedling is cut to 50% of its original size. This stimulates the growth of young shoots.
You can learn how to properly prune young plum seedlings from this video:
- An adult tree is pruned as needed up to 2 times a year: in the spring, before the sap begins to flow, and in the fall, after harvesting. Remove old dry shoots and branches and form a spherical crown.
- In the autumn, after harvesting, the plum is fertilized and watered before frost occurs.
- The Nadezhda plum variety does not need to be wrapped up against the cold: it can withstand any frost. You can wrap the trunk with thick material for the winter to protect the bark from damage by rodents.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The plum variety Nadezhda Primorye is practically not afraid of pests and can tolerate any disease.
The main pest of Nadezhda is the codling moth. It affects both the leaves and fruits of the plant. Spraying is chosen as a control method. It begins during the flowering period and is carried out every 2 weeks. Completed a month before the fruit ripens.
The plum variety Nadezhda Primorye can in rare cases be affected by monoliosis and klyasterosporiosis. For preventive purposes, before fruiting begins, the foliage is treated with Bordeaux mixture (3%).
Conclusion
Plum Nadezhda is a good choice for the northern regions. High survival rate and frost resistance are ideally suited for the weather conditions inherent in these regions. Early fruiting also distinguishes this plum from other species.
