Content
Over the course of more than a century, the Odrinka cherry was able to move several hundred kilometers north of its usual growing latitudes thanks to breeders. The fruits of the Odrinka cherry variety are distinguished not only by their resistance to drought and frost, but also by their taste properties, for which the crop is highly valued by farms and ordinary lovers of garden and fruit trees.
History of selection
Odrinka cherries were previously cultivated in the south. At the end of the 19th century, I.V. Michurin began to develop a plan to “move” cherries to regions with more severe climates. Pervenets and Lastochka cherries were used as an experiment. As a result of crossings and long work, varieties with unsweetened fruits were obtained, which could not satisfy Michurin’s desires. In the pre-war years, F.K. Teterev, who lived in Leningrad, took up this business. At the VIR station he crossed Zorka and Red dense cherry.
The research result survived the harsh winters of those times. This is how Odrinka was born - a sweet cherry that is suitable for growing in the middle climate zone. The authors of the Odrinka cherry breeding number 3-14 x 3-36 are considered to be M. V. Kanysheva, A. A. Astakhov, L. I. Zueva. The tree was entered into the State Register in 2004 in the Central region.
Description of culture
The Odrinka cherry grows in all parts of Europe except the north, as well as in Bulgaria and Poland. In the CIS countries it is found in Moldova, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. In Russia, it is grown in the Krasnodar Territory, although in Moscow there are private reserves that practice breeding varieties for this climatic zone. The Odrinka cherry tree has small dense crowns. Odrinka's height is average. The buds are small, like the leaves - generative ovoid. They deviate from the escape to the side. The petiole is small, has 2 glands. In the inflorescence of the Odrinka cherry there are only 3-4 flowers, which cannot be called large. The petals are white, the corolla is saucer-shaped.
The fruits weigh 5-7 grams, and their height reaches 2.5 cm. The width of the cherry fruits is 2.4 cm. They are round, the funnel is narrowed, and the top is oval. There are clear light dots in the central part. The juice of the Odrinka cherry is red, the pulp of the fruit is juicy, sweet, and purple in color. The stone occupies 6% of the volume and is easily separated from the fleshy fruit. According to the tasting assessments, Odrinka cherries received 4.7 points.
Odrinka blooms later, ripening is the same. It begins to bear fruit already in the 5th year after planting. The fruits appear on bouquet branches. It is a self-fertile tree, so pollinators are needed. The best of them are considered to be the trees Ovstuzhenka, Rechitsa, Revna.But the Odrinka cherry tolerates harsh winters well, although it grows in warm latitudes. The average yield is 77 c/ha, and the maximum can produce 221 c/ha.
Characteristics
Odrinka cherry is winter-hardy. The tree, flowers and buds can survive early winter and spring. It never suffers from fungal diseases, and when infected, the quality of the fruit does not change. The following characteristics are discussed in more detail.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness of Odrinka cherries
Odrinka cherries freeze at temperatures of -16 0C, and at -12 0C already withstands strong winds from the north. In summer it feels great in temperatures ranging from +30 0C, which indicates a wide range of temperature conditions - it is very important for farmers that the crop does not suffer from changes.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening time
Odrinka cherry is partially self-fertile, so for better fruiting it is necessary to plant pollinators. Usually, two Rechitsa and one Revna trees are planted 3 meters from Odrinka. These are late varieties, so you need to prepare pits in the fall. In the spring, you can prepare planting material and dig holes to prepare for next year. The flowering period occurs in early spring, the fruits are harvested in the fall.
Productivity, fruiting
Odrinka cherries produce an average harvest closer to June-July. If the tree grows in the southern regions, you should not expect a large harvest. It may bloom in spring, but not for long.
Area of application of berries
Odrinka cherries are used in households and industry. Most often they are sent for export, since storing the crop is quite difficult.
Resistance to diseases and pests
It tolerates coccomycosis well, and Odrinka is also resistant to clasterosporiasis and moniliosis.Diseases affect cherries no more than once every 2-3 years.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite the variability of the climate where cherries grow, they have the following advantages:
- Does not get sick or suffer from fungal diseases.
- Always bears fruit, even if the harvest is small.
- Odrinka loves both winter and summer.
Landing Features
Odrinka cherries bear fruit better if there is an apiary nearby. Bees can also participate in pollination, just like fruit trees. Cherries are planted in a hole and prepared for wintering.
Recommended timing
It is best to prepare planting material in the summer, then the tree will be able to adapt by autumn. Odrinka will be able to overwinter in the first year, after which it needs to be treated in the spring.
Choosing a suitable location
Since the fruits should not be exposed to drafts, the Odrinka cherry tree should be grown in a lowland area. You need to choose the south side so that flowering occurs away from the winds and constant shade.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries?
Fruit trees that could pollinate it with “another variety” should not be planted next to Odrinka. It is allowed to plant pollinators, but 5 m from the seedlings. Otherwise, the branches of the crown will crush neighboring trees.
Selection and preparation of planting material
One- and two-year-old Odrinka seedlings are taken. This way they get used to winter faster and become more resistant to drought.
Landing algorithm
Prepare the hole like this:
- A hole is dug 70 by 70 wide and 60 cm deep.
- Trees can be planted 3 m apart.
- For the pit, take the arable layer and a third of the manure.
- For clay soil add sand.
- Limestone is placed at the bottom of the pit.
Odrink must also have support, otherwise she will bend in the process of growth. The cherry seedling is lowered by two thirds. After planting, it is tied up and the ditch is compacted with earth. For good pollination, seedlings of two different varieties are planted at the same time.
During the flowering period, cherries are sprayed with a honey solution to attract the attention of pollinating bees.
Subsequent care of the crop
Young Odrinka cherries need to be fed. Usually this is done:
- Slurry – for May feeding 2 times a season, for trees older than 3 years – 3-4 times in June.
- Complex fertilizer add in the amount of 1 spoon per 1 bucket of water for each tree.
- Ash necessary for the stability of the immune system.
- Urea used before flowering so that the fruits are not attacked by insects.
Annual pruning is also necessary. All branches that go inside the trunk are removed. The cuts are made neat and even. Watering is carried out 2 times a year during drought.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Since Odrinka cherries are disease-resistant, as a rule, they are not treated with any drugs. The only thing that can happen is a rodent attack. Prevention consists of using standard complex solutions that contain urea. The following drugs are also recommended:
With klyasterosporiosis, when holes and spots appear on the leaves | Diseased areas of the tree are removed, and solutions of copper sulfate are applied to clean ones. You can also treat cherries with garden varnish. Treatment is carried out before the buds open |
Moniliosis that occurs in wet weather | Used for gray pads.There are fungal spores there, causing the cherry leaf to wrinkle and the berries to dry out. |
An alternative remedy is Bordeaux mixture, which is applied twice a month with a break of 15 days after harvest. Diseased branches are cut off, foliage is removed, berries are collected | |
If the berries are affected by disease, it is best not to eat the crop. Infection of branches and small twigs is possible only in the presence of rotten fruit.
Conclusion
Odrinka cherries are suitable for growing in regions with a temperate climate. In hot and cold countries, cherries should always be processed and cared for. Rodents rarely “attack” it, so it is considered a favorite fruit tree among many farmers. In the home garden, Odrinka will allow owners to enjoy delicious berries even in the harsh winter, when vitamins and solar warmth are so lacking.
