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Manchurian Kirkazon (Aristolochia manshuriensis) is a tree-like liana from the genus and family Kirkazonaceae, subclass Magnoliidae. This amazingly beautiful plant grows in the wild in the provinces of China and the mountainous regions of the Korean Peninsula. In Russia, this vine can be found in the northeast, in the Primorsky Territory, in the Khasansky and Nadezhdinsky districts. A highly decorative plant is used to create beautiful arches, canopies and fences, decorate fences and wall spaces. And in eastern folk medicine, Manchurian kirkazon is widely used for the treatment and prevention of a number of serious diseases.
Description of the Manchurian Kirkazon
The tree-like liana in the wild grows up to 15 m. The diameter of the trunk near the ground is up to 7.5 cm.The plant is supported by trees and tall shrubs. If the Manchurian kirkazon spreads along the ground, its length is significantly less. Under conditions of artificial agricultural technology, the plant reaches 9-12 m.
Young shoots of kirkazon wrap their upper parts around the supports in a counterclockwise spiral. They are flexible, have a light green, yellowish or soft green color, and are covered with light velvety fluff. In the second year, the vine sprouts become woody, their color changes to olive or greenish-ocher. Old shoots are strong, covered with cork fabric of grayish-brown, reddish-brown color with longitudinal gray scales. Manchurian kirkazon develops a root system in the first 3 years, after which it grows very quickly - up to 15 cm per day, actively releasing lateral shoots and capturing significant spaces.
Manchurian liana has large, rounded, heart-shaped leaves. The tip is pointed. The top is bright green, rich lime color, the underside is greyish. Young leaves are covered with delicate hair, then they become matte-smooth. A lighter network of veins is clearly visible on the surface.
Kirkazon Manchurian produces buds in April, and peak flowering occurs in May-June. Flowers are single or paired, in the form of thickened jugs of original color. The tube, 4-6 cm long, has a greenish-yellow or ocher tint, colored on the inside with bright burgundy-red spots. The petal-bend with a diameter of 1.8-2.2 cm has 3 blades. It can be rich red-brown, purple, light green-yellow, with reddish specks. The fruit is a cucumber-like capsule, 6-10 cm long, which contains triangular seeds measuring 5-7 mm.
Kirkazon Manchurian has a rather pungent aroma.It attracts flower flies, mainly males. Crawling into the middle of the flowers, they promote self-pollination, and often remain inside the bud, entangled in the hairs.
From afar, the wide, heart-shaped leaves of Kirkazon Manchurian resemble the scales of a giant bright green reptile
Application in landscape design
Kirkazon Manchurian is used by gardeners and landscape designers in vertical gardening. This is one of the best ornamental vines, which is characterized by fast, friendly growth and dense greenery. An overgrown plant creates a magnificent effect of a continuous carpet of large heart-shaped scales.
With the help of a tree-like vine they decorate the facades of houses and the walls of gazebos, creating continuous green curtains. They make original tunnels, passages and canopies. Fencing of recreation areas and fences between areas are framed. The Manchurian kirkazon looks great on columns, free-standing pergolas, mature trees or pillars.
Kirkazon Manchurian looks amazing in the form of green arches and labyrinths
Reproduction methods
Manchurian kirkazon can be propagated in several ways:
- seeds that are collected in the autumn;
- cuttings cut in spring or autumn - shoots 20-25 cm long with several living buds, placed obliquely in a fertile substrate;
- a shoot-offshoot, the middle of which is pressed to the ground with staples, and the top is tied vertically, the pressed part must be covered with fertile soil and watered, after a year a root system is formed, and the offset can be separated from the mother plant and the Manchurian plant can be transplanted to a new place.
The most convenient and fastest way to propagate vines is cuttings.
Planting and care
When planting the tree-like vine Manchurian Kirkazon, you must follow a number of rules:
- planting requires an area protected from strong winds that break fragile branches;
- the soil should be light, nutritious, loose;
- The Manchurian Kirkazon liana requires partial shade or light passing through the crowns of trees; direct sunlight burns the tender leaves of the plant.
In the first month after planting, the sprouts of Manchurian kirkazon require shelter from direct sunlight
Landing dates and rules
It is recommended to plant Kirkazon Manchurian in early spring so that it has time to take root over the summer. The distance between the holes should be at least a meter, and the depth of the planting hole should be 50 cm. They should be 1.4-1.8 m away from the walls of houses, since the root system of the tree-like vine is branched. At the bottom of the planting hole, be sure to lay a layer of drainage 10-20 cm thick and add a mound of fertile soil.
Carefully remove the Manchurian creeper seedling from the pot, place it in a hole and cover it with earth. Lightly press the soil, water with 20 liters of settled water. Mulch with sawdust, peat, sand, pine waste, and bark.
Features of care
Kirkazon Manchurian is unpretentious. Caring for it consists of timely moistening, feeding and pruning. During the period of active growth, watering should be frequent to keep the soil well moistened.In rainy summers, the schedule must be adjusted downward so as not to flood the Manchurian Kirkazon.
Formative pruning is carried out in the spring, removing side shoots up to 3-4 buds. The central stem is pinched if necessary. Cleaning of broken, diseased or dried branches and old foliage is mandatory. Typically, sanitization is done in the fall or early spring.
It is necessary to feed the Manchurian kirkazon in spring and August. It is recommended to use natural organic fertilizers - solutions of mullein and bird droppings, horse manure, herbal infusions, humus, humus.
Preparing for winter
Kirkazon Manchurian can withstand winter frosts down to -30 degrees, so, as a rule, it does not need additional shelter. If the winter is expected to be harsh, then the vine must be tied with burlap and several layers of covering material.
Pests and diseases
Kirkazon Manchurian is resistant to diseases, and pests are very reluctant to attack a toxic plant. Root rot, which is formed as a result of excessive watering or stagnation of water in the soil, is dangerous for it. Too humid air and soil can provoke the development of fungus. In this case, it is necessary to treat with a fungicide. If insects are noticed on the Kirkazon, you can dilute an infusion of onion peels, tobacco or garlic with laundry or green soap, and spray the affected areas.
Value and chemical composition
Since ancient times, the healing properties of the tree-like vine Manchurian kirkazon or, as it is called in China, “madouling”, have been widely known in the East.This is one of the most effective natural cardiotropic drugs known to mankind today. Avicenna wrote about it in his works, the Manchu kirkazon is also mentioned in the treatises of ancient Chinese folk healers. Since the 80s, its properties have been studied at the Russian Academy of Sciences. Kirkazon Manchurian contains the following substances:
- aristolochic acids A, D, I, IV, which are extremely rare;
- lignin, hemicellulose;
- essential oil consisting of terpenes, a-pinenes, camphenes and bornyl acetate:
- sesquiterpenoids – manshirolin, aristoloside, b-sitosterol;
- alkaloids, glycosides;
- vanilla, p-hydroxybenzoic, oleanolic, ferulic acids;
- manjurolide, stigmasterol, methyl vanillate.
Thanks to its chemical composition, Manchurian kirkazon has a beneficial effect on the heart muscle, preventing myocardial infarction.
Kirkazon Manchurian is an endangered species
Medicinal properties
Liana Kirkazon Manchurian has the following properties:
- effective anti-inflammatory and antipyretic;
- relieves swelling, has a gentle diuretic effect;
- relieves pain, promotes rapid healing of wounds of the oral mucosa;
- has a pronounced sedative effect;
- removes poisons and toxins;
- normalizes heart rhythm, has an excellent cardiotonic effect;
- promotes milk secretion in nursing mothers.
Externally, Manchurian kirkazon is used to treat psoriasis, ulcers on the mucous membranes, and fungal infections.
Use in folk medicine
Healers use Manchurian kirkazon as part of heart mixtures with other herbs, make decoctions and infusions. To do this, the root of the plant is harvested.
A decoction that relieves inflammation and heat, normalizes digestion and treats myositis:
- Grind 20 g of root;
- pour 1 liter of boiling water;
- keep in a water bath for 10-15 minutes.
Leave for 30 minutes and strain. Keep refrigerated. Drink 200 ml in the morning and evening between meals. The duration of the course is individual.
Infusion to improve heart function and stimulate milk production. You need to take:
- 10 g of crushed raw materials;
- 200 ml of boiling water.
Pour water over the root, wrap tightly with a towel and leave for 1 hour. Strain. Take 50 ml 4 times a day. Treatment period is 30 days.
Restrictions and contraindications
Kirkazon Manchurian has a number of contraindications:
- pregnancy period (threat of miscarriage);
- children under 16 years of age;
- individual intolerance and allergic reactions to the components of the drug.
Collection and procurement of raw materials
It is necessary to collect Manchurian kirkazon in early spring, when the plant is just waking up after winter, or in late autumn, at the end of the growing season. It is at this time that the highest content of useful biologically active substances is observed in the roots of the vine. Algorithm of actions:
- carefully dig up the roots;
- clear from earth;
- rinse thoroughly in ice water;
- cut into thin strips;
- dry at t 45-550 in a special dryer or oven.
Place the finished raw materials in tightly closed wooden, paper or ceramic containers. Store at t = 15-180, without access to sunlight, for 24 months. After this period, the dried root of the tree vine will have to be thrown away - it loses its medicinal properties.
Liana Kirkazon Manchurian, despite the highest decorative and medicinal properties, remains a rare exotic plant for residents of Russia
Conclusion
Kirkazon Manchurian is a relict tree-like vine, whose unique properties have been known since prehistoric times. It is actively used by Eastern healers in the treatment of heart and gynecological diseases. The excellent cardiotonic effect of this plant has been confirmed by many years of laboratory research. In addition to unconditional healing properties, Kirkazon is distinguished by its excellent appearance and bright colors of an original shape. That is why the tree-like vine is readily used in landscape design by flower growers all over the world.
